Development Of Charging Infrastructure Research Articles

Enabling role of policies to make public charging infrastructure development viable in an Indian city: a modelling-based analysis

Enabling role of policies to make public charging infrastructure development viable in an Indian city: a modelling-based analysis

A Review of the Current Status of Global Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development

A Review of the Current Status of Global Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development

Влияние государственных мер поддержки на развитие рынка электрозарядной инфраструктуры в РФ

Currently, there is a growing awareness worldwide among societies and governments regarding pollution resulting from human activities, raising the issue of climate change. All this, together with other factors, puts a priority theme of environmental friendliness in various areas of the economy, and the field of transport was no exception. The use of vehicles running on alternative fuels and electricity emerges as a pressing agenda. The article examines the development of the charging infrastructure market for electric vehicles, taking into account existing measures to stimulate the electric vehicle market in both Russian and foreign practices. The aim of the study is to systematize the accumulated experience of stimulating demand. Since the electric vehicle market and the charging infrastructure of cities are interrelated, an important task is to identify existing barriers hindering the development of the electric vehicle market in Russia and to investigate support measures. The investment potential of projects for the development of electrical charging infrastructure was assessed, taking into account various forms of support.

Monte Carlo-based Charging Demand Forecasting Model and Market Space Study

With the rapid development of China's new energy vehicle industry, charging infrastructure has gradually become a key factor affecting the further development of the new energy vehicle industry. Scientific and reasonable forecasts of the future development scale of the domestic charging infrastructure market have become an important element supporting the business planning of various related parties such as vehicle enterprises, charging pile enterprises, and the energy industry. Based on the distribution data of electric vehicle traveling and charging characteristics obtained from the industry research, this study proposes a set of charging infrastructure prediction model based on the principle of energy supply-demand balance, predicts the development scale of charging infrastructure in the country and key cities, and further analyzes the market competition and future market margin of the key cities, and evaluates the difficulty of future market entry in the key cities, which provides a basis for further development of the charging infrastructure industry. The difficulty of entering the future market in each key city is assessed, providing business decision support for industry participants. In the future, the charging infrastructure development scale prediction results proposed by this study can be used as the input parameters of the charging pile layout planning model to enhance the scientific nature of the charging infrastructure layout and help the industry to develop in a high-quality manner.

Robust Design of Electric Charging Infrastructure Locations under Travel Demand Uncertainty and Driving Range Heterogeneity

The rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs), motivated by their environmental benefits, is generating an increased need for EV charging infrastructure. Also, it has been recognized that the adequacy of such infrastructure helps promote EV use. Therefore, to facilitate EV adoption, governments seek guidance on continued investments in EV charging infrastructure development. Such investment decisions, which include EV charging station locations and capacities, and the timing of such investments require robust estimates of future travel demand and EV battery range constraints. This paper develops and implements a framework to establish an optimal schedule and locations for new charging stations and decommissioning gasoline refueling stations over a long-term planning horizon, considering the uncertainty in future travel demand forecasts and the driving range heterogeneity of EVs. A robust mathematical model is proposed to solve the problem by minimizing not only the worst-case total system travel cost but also the total penalty for unused capacities of charging stations. This study uses an adaptation of the cutting-plane method to solve the proposed model. Based on two key decision criteria (travelers’ cost and charging supply sufficiency), the results indicate that the robust scheme outperforms its deterministic counterpart.

Charging infrastructure development in Russia: Incentives and prospects for the Vehicle-to-Grid technology use

Subject. This article discusses the issues related to the transportation electrification. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the economic aspects of the development of a network of power charging stations in Russia. Methods. For the study, we used general scientific research methods. Results. The article finds that in Russia at present, the tariff developed taking into account the charging of an electric vehicle during the hours of minimum electricity consumption, is the most economically profitable. Conclusions. The widespread use of electric vehicles requires the widespread development of electric charging infrastructure, as well as the use of tools to manage the demand for electrical energy.

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure: positioning in India

PurposeThe study identifies the challenges of developing the “electric vehicle (EV)” charging infrastructure in India, having an ambitious target of 30% EV adoption by 2030.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a systematic literature review determined EV adoption and challenges in the EV charging infrastructure development globally and specifically in India. Secondly, a focussed group study in which 10 domain experts were consulted to identify additional challenges in India's EV adoption involving EV charging infrastructure.FindingsAccordingly, 11 significant challenges of EV charging infrastructure development in India have been identified–seven through the comparative analysis of the literature review and four from the focussed group study. Secondary data provides insight into the situation around developed countries and in developing countries, specifically in India. Finally, the Government of India's measures and priorities to facilitate such a development are emphasised.Research limitations/implicationsThe study can help policymakers/researchers understand the gaps and align measures to address the challenges. A focussed group study may have its limitations due to the perception of the experts.Originality/valueThe systematic literature review of 43 articles using comparative analysis and subsequently a focussed group study of experts to verify and add challenges has made the study unique.

Development of the electric transport charging infrastructure in Irkutsk region

The article discusses the issue of development of the electric transport charging infrastructure. Regional peculiarities of this infrastructure are analyzed. Examples of development projects implemented by Russian companies in different regions are provided. The issues of economic justification (payback) of projects are considered. The main problems of charging infrastructure development and ways to solve them are identified

A Multi-Criteria Decision Process for EV Charging Stations’ Deployment: Findings from Greece

Electro-mobility (EV) is an emerging transportation method, whose charging infrastructure development concerns a key-factor for its growth. EV charging infrastructure has not grown yet in Greece, regardless of the ambitious national targets that have been grounded for 2030 towards a climate-neutral mobility. This study introduces a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework for EV charging infrastructure deployment and operation, which respects both the economic and the technical aspects for public charging stations. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was followed for the MCDM framework’s definition, which used criteria that were in the corresponding literature and performed with interviews by experts from the EV growing market in Greece. The results show that the installation and operation of public EV charging stations, located in private spaces to ensure their protection against vandalism, within the urban areas is the preferred deployment approach. Moreover, this article tests a market model for the EV charging infrastructure ownership and operation. Findings show that the incentive for investment in EV charging infrastructure market in Greece, is driven by the direct investments of limited vendors, while it is not economically oriented, but it focuses on sustainability and environmental protection.

Stakeholders’ perspectives on future electric vehicle charging infrastructure developments

Charging infrastructure development is vital for the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). Yet, on the surface, there seems to be significant disagreement about when, how and which kind of charging infrastructure should be developed and most importantly, for what reasons. These reasons are concealed in the stakeholders’ perspective on the future. Differences in stakeholders’ perspectives regarding expectations on the future EV charging infrastructure may be expected, but should they prove irreconcilable they may stall the roll-out. However, to date, it remains unknown what these stakeholders’ perspectives are, how they are aligned across stakeholders, which topics are heavily debated and which are agreed upon. This study uses Q-methodology to identify different perspectives on the future of roll-out of EV charging infrastructure. The analysis shows that stakeholders mainly differ in the extent fast charging should play an important role, the degree smart charging should be the standard in charging and how much government should intervene with infrastructure roll-out. There is a consensus on the importance of interoperability of charging stations. The four different perspectives were supported across different stakeholders, which supports the idea that perspectives are not strongly linked to the stakeholders’ interests.

References to literature from the business sector in patent documents: a case study of charging technologies for electric vehicles

Expansion of government R&D budgets on promoting electric vehicle (EV) adoption and charging infrastructure development is likely to continue to be a key component of ecological innovation policies. Using an original data set of non-patent literature (NPL) references extracted from patent documents pertaining to EV charging technologies, this paper provides new evidence on the flows of knowledge with or without a scientific contribution from the business sector. Three main questions are addressed in this paper for exploring whether different patterns of knowledge flows emerge between contributions involving academics and or the business sector not only contributes towards a better understanding of the interrelations between scientific and technological fields regarding EV charging but also serves the purpose of fostering more partnerships and unlocking further investments in research. First, what information facilitates knowledge flow from science to technology? NPL references with authors from the business sector have received a lower number of patent citations on average, and universities still occupy the primary locus of knowledge production. However, patents citing firm publications have a particular focus on technologies relating to stations and rail vehicles and have a broader scope, a larger family size, more claims and forward citations compared to others on average. Second, are there any differences between the types of author contributions? Firms’ collaborations with academia in NPL references contribute to an even higher index, while the patents published between 2001 and 2005 with citations to collaborative scholarly works from the business sector have been cited less than the others. Finally, how are non-patent citations relevant to assignments of patents and patent applications, as well as other events that affect title or patent ownership? Patents citing firm publications in general have fewer assignments, but more on average and patents citing collaborative works are more likely to be changed in titles or ownerships. The role of firm publication needs to be further explored in a border technological field considering its specific relevance both to generating applied technologies and technology transfer as indicated by EV charging patents.

A Review on Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development in the UK

This paper focuses on the development of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure in the UK, which is a vital part of the delivering ultra-low-emission vehicle (ULEV) and will transition into low emission energy systems in the near future. Following a brief introduction to global landscape of EV and its infrastructure, this paper presents the EV development in the UK. It then unveils the government policy in recent years, charging equipment protocols or standards, and existing EV charging facilities. Circuit topologies of charging infrastructure are reviewed. Next, three important factors to be considered in a typical site, i. e., design, location and cost, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the management and operation of charging infrastructure including different types of business models are summarized. Last but not least, challenges and future trends are discussed.

Evaluating the Effect of Policies and the Development of Charging Infrastructure on Electric Vehicle Diffusion in China

China has been one of the most aggressive countries in electric vehicle (EV) promotion. However, private EV sales fail to achieve the government’s target. In particular, cutting purchase subsidies poses great uncertainty in relation to EV diffusion. In this research, a system dynamics model aims to investigate the influence of government policies, infrastructure development plans, the duration of policies, and the phase out strategy of policies. Parameters relating to consumers’ preferences are drawn from a questionnaire survey, which is conducted in Shenzhen, the pioneer city in China’s EV promotion. The result of a scenario analysis shows that purchase subsidies, purchase restrictions and driving restrictions are the most effective policies for EV promotion. Driving restrictions are more effective but less easy to enforce than purchase restrictions. The number and location of charging piles are much more important than large charging stations. Moreover, EV diffusion can be self-sufficient after current policies have been maintained for 11 years. We find that the gradual removal of subsidies will cause a four-year delay in EV sales entering rapid growth in Shenzhen. However, cutting subsidies in cities without purchase restrictions will cause the failure of EV promotion.

Robust Control Solutions for Electric Vehicle Promotion Including Charging Infrastructure Development

In this paper the authors propose to determine the amount of public subsidies for the promotion of electric vehicles (EVs) by applying a feedback control model. The following three features are assumed on the growth model for the electric vehicle market for a controlled target: (1) The charging station is assumed to be public installation and private management; (2) The break-even point is calculated from the maintenance cost of the charging station; (3) The target numbers of electric vehicle sales are set as growth patterns. To achieve such target numbers and to follow the changes, we propose the application of robust control. In this research, an uncertainty is supposed in the model when the EV market growth is simulated, and fuzzy logic control is applied for better understanding by the decision-makers who exercise the policy measures and for the improvement of the target following capability. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the control based on the fuzzy logic even if some uncertainties are assumed in the growth model.

Siting public electric vehicle charging stations in Beijing using big-data informed travel patterns of the taxi fleet

Charging infrastructure is critical to the development of electric vehicle (EV) system. While many countries have implemented great policy efforts to promote EVs, how to build charging infrastructure to maximize overall travel electrification given how people travel has not been well studied. Mismatch of demand and infrastructure can lead to under-utilized charging stations, wasting public resources. Estimating charging demand has been challenging due to lack of realistic vehicle travel data. Public charging is different from refueling from two aspects: required time and home-charging possibility. As a result, traditional approaches for refueling demand estimation (e.g. traffic flow and vehicle ownership density) do not necessarily represent public charging demand. This research uses large-scale trajectory data of 11,880 taxis in Beijing as a case study to evaluate how travel patterns mined from big-data can inform public charging infrastructure development. Although this study assumes charging stations to be dedicated to a fleet of PHEV taxis which may not fully represent the real-world situation, the methodological framework can be used to analyze private vehicle trajectory data as well to improve our understanding of charging demand for electrified private fleet. Our results show that (1) collective vehicle parking “hotspots” are good indicators for charging demand; (2) charging stations sited using travel patterns can improve electrification rate and reduce gasoline consumption; (3) with current grid mix, emissions of CO2, PM, SO2, and NOx will increase with taxi electrification; and (4) power demand for public taxi charging has peak load around noon, overlapping with Beijing’s summer peak power.

Capacity Requirements of Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure with the Evolution of their Market

This paper presents the development of fast charging infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EVs) with the proportional increase in the number of EVs on highways. Development of charging infrastructure includes the installation of charging units in the urban or rural areas depending upon the need, forecast for the increased energy demand on power grid and consideration of capital invested on the system as a whole. Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS) have been performed to investigate the power demand, energy needed, utilization factor of each station and socket, and the Socket-to-EV ratio considering different waiting time scenarios. Socket-to-EV ratio varies with the limitation of waiting times offered to the EVs at charging stations. Socket-to-EV ratio is considered to be the parameter that tells the number of sockets needed to fulfill the charging need of EVs in a particular scenario. Utilization factor of charging sockets for different scenarios gives an estimate of power delivery hours of charging sockets to study the cost-and-benefit ratio of various cases.

Model Analysis of Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Development on Highways—An Approximation of the Required Scale of Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities—

In recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained prominence because of its reduction in CO2 emissions and its departure from dependence on oil. As an increasing number of EV models are becoming commercially available, their popularity is expected to grow. Ongoing efforts to improve EV performance have not addressed inadequacies in their driving range, which is approximately 160 km. This is an issue particularly on highways in cases of long-distance driving. Hence, this research focuses on the EV support infrastructure of charging facilities on highways and proposes a mathematical model to estimate the number of EVs arriving at the charging facilities. Moreover, the model is applied to Japanese highway networks and its validity is examined. We change the number of power-feed intervals and infrastructure facilities and evaluate the various parameters to estimate the required number of EV charging facilities.

Data analysis on the public charge infrastructure in the city of Amsterdam

In recent years electric mobility has gained a great deal of attention, leading to electric vehicles on the market and development of necessary charging infrastructure. Charging infrastructure is mostly enabled through subsidies by local or national governments to overcome the chicken and egg problem, while the business case for charge stations in this early stage of development is not yet sufficient. The municipality of Amsterdam is a forerunner in the development of charge infrastructure, with over 500 public charge points available. The municipality and service providers struggle how to optimize the roll out of further charge points and how to optimize the use of the charge points. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the actual usage patterns of the public charging infrastructure in the city of Amsterdam, based on more than 109.000 charge sessions collected at the existing local charge points in 2012/2013. The conclusions from this analysis can be used to gain insight in the actual usage patterns of public charging infrastructure and may lead to recommendations concerning further roll out of charge stations, increasing effectiveness and improving the business case for charge points. The conclusions and recommendations may have implications for, and may support municipalities in the effective development of charging infrastructure.