Development Of CAD Research Articles

Automated differentiation of calcifications and their clusters on the mammography image: the outcomes of the computer aided diagnosis system module

INTRODUCTION: Previously we developed the computer aided detection system (CAD) for mammography MammCheck II that increased the detection rate of small and difficult to detect breast carcinomas (BC). However this system was not specifically designed for calcification detection and discrimination. On the other hand, the calcifications had no influence on the CAD capability to detect BCs that appeared as a focal lesions.OBJECTIVE: To develop the approach for automated differentiation of benign and suspicious calcifications on the mammography images and assess its clinical value.MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the developed software testing we used a set of 390 mammography images with calcifications of all possible types (278 images with benign and 112 images with suspicious calcifications). For classification we used linear support vector machine (SVM) model, that was trained on the set of 126 images (70 — benign and 56 — suspicious). We developed two SVM models: with no vascular calcification analysis and with it. Statistics: for comparison between the normally distributed samples we used the Student’s T-test, for non-normally distributed — Wilcoxon signed-rank or Chi-square tests. For correlation testing of normally distributed samples the Paerson coefficient was calculated, for non-normally distributed samples — the Spearman or Kendall correlation coefficients. The statistical significance corresponded to Р-values <0,05.RESULTS: During the testing of the first model version with no vascular calcification analysis we discovered the similarity of small early vascular calcifications and the suspicious ones. As a result this model falsely classified 14 of 23 (60.87%) vascular calcification clusters as suspicious. Therefore the model was improved. The final discrimination results for all calcification types (both benign and suspicious) obtained with the help of improved model were the following: true positive conclusions — 375/390 (96.15%), false positive conclusions — 15/390 (3.84%). In both cases when suspicious calcifications were classified as benign the wrong results were een only on one mammography view. At the same time, on another view the suspicious calcifications were correctly classified.DISCUSSION: During the CAD development it seems important not only mark the suspicious areas but also suppress false positive markings corresponding to the obviously benign lesions. However it is important during this operation not to suppress the true positive markings. Therefore such systems are inevitably characterized by a certain shift to decreased prognostic value of suspicious markings at the expense of the highest possible prognostic value of benign markings. In our viewpoint, the developed approach meets this requirement. Moreover, its integration into the CAD allows to suppress the markings of soft tissue lesions associated with typical benign calcifications, appeared on the previous processing steps. This capability may decrease the false positive rate of the main CAD module.CONCLUSION: The developed approach to benign and suspicious calcification discrimination (version with vascular calcification analysis) on the mammography image provided the sensitivity — 98.21%, specificity — 95.32%, negative predictive value (benign marking) — 99.25%, positive predictive value (suspicious marking) — 89.43%.

MiR-6721-5p as a natural regulator of Meta-VCL is upregulated in the serum of patients with coronary artery disease

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD), the leading cause of mortality globally, arises from atherosclerotic blockage of the coronary arteries. Meta-vinculin (meta-VCL), a large spliced isoform of VCL, co-localizes in muscular adhesive structures and plays significant roles in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating meta-VCL expression and investigate the expression alterations of the miRNAs of interest and meta-VCL as potential biomarkers in the serum of CAD patients. MethodsBioinformatics tools were employed to select miRNAs targeting meta-VCL. Cell-based ectopic expression analysis and a dual-luciferase assay were used to examine the interactions between miRNAs and meta-VCL. An ELISA assessed the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). MiRNA and meta-VCL expression patterns and biomarker suitability were evaluated in serum samples from CAD and non-CAD individuals using real-time PCR. A cardiac cell-line data set and CAD blood exosome samples were analyzed using bioinformatics and ROC curve analyses, respectively. ResultsmiR-6721-5p directly interacted with the putative target sites at the 3′-UTR of meta-VCL and regulated its expression. IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations, which may act as anti-inflammatory factors, decreased following miR-6721-5p upregulation and meta-VCL downregulation. Bioinformatics and experimental expression analyses confirmed downregulated meta-VCL expression and upregulated miR-6721-5p expression in CAD samples. ROC curve analysis yielded an AUC score of 0.705 (P = 0.018), indicating the potential suitability of miR-6721-5p as a biomarker for CAD. ConclusionsmiR-6721-5p plays a regulatory role in meta-VCL expression and may contribute to CAD development by reducing anti-inflammatory factors. These findings suggest that miR-6721-5p could serve as a novel biomarker in the pathogenesis of CAD.

Genetically predicted mood swings increased risk of cardiovascular disease: Evidence from a Mendelian randomization analysis

BackgroundMood swings is linked to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causal relationships between them remain unknown. MethodsWe conducted this Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the causal associations between mood swings (n = 373,733) and 5 CVDs, including CAD, MI, HF, AF, and stroke using summary data of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). FinnGen datasets validated the results. Various MR approaches, sensitivity analyses, multivariable MR (MVMR), and two-step MR mediation analyses were applied. ResultsThe MR analysis revealed significant causal effects of mood swings on CAD (OR = 1.45, 95 % CI 1.24–1.71; P = 5.52e-6), MI (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI 1.32–1.95; P = 1.77e-6), HF (OR = 1.42, 95 % CI 1.18–1.71; P = 2.32e-4), and stroke (OR = 1.48, 95 % CI 1.19–1.83; P = 3.46e-4), excluding AF (P = 0.16). In the reverse MR analysis, no causal relationships were observed. The results were reproducible using FinnGen data. In the MVMR analysis, the causal effects of mood swings on CAD, MI, HF and stroke still remain significant after adjusting potential confounding factors including BMI, smoking and T2DM, but not for LDL and hypertension. Further mediation analysis indicated hypertension may mediate the causal pathways from mood swings to CAD (18.11 %, 95 % CI: 8.83 %–27.39 %), MI (16.40 %, 95 % CI: 7.93 %–24.87 %), HF (13.06 %, 95 % CI: 6.25 %–19.86 %), and stroke (18.04 %, 95 % CI: 8.73 %–27.34 %). ConclusionMood swings has a significant causal impact on the development of CAD, MI, HF, and stroke, partly mediated by hypertension.

CxsAssociation study between single nucleotide polymorphism in thrombospondins THBS1 gene and THBS2 gene and coronary artery disease in Indian population

BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex medical condition characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in coronary arteries, leading to narrowed blood vessels and impaired blood flow. Endothelial dysfunction, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and various risk factors contribute to CAD development. Matricellular proteins, including thrombospondins (THBS), play crucial roles in vascular processes and cardiac function.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 296 participants from Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, India, to investigate genetic variations in THBS1 (N700S) and THBS2 (3′ UTR T → G) in relation to CAD. Genomic DNA was isolated, and PCR–RFLP was employed for genotyping. Clinical and biochemical parameters were assessed, and statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software.ResultsThe study revealed that age, serum cholesterol, HDL, VLDL, and LDL were significantly associated with CAD in the Indian population. However, no statistically significant associations were found between triglyceride and serum creatinine levels, as well as the studied THBS1 and THBS2 genetic polymorphisms, and CAD. The analysis of genotypic and allelic frequencies did not indicate significant associations with CAD risk.ConclusionsThis study suggests that specific genetic variations in THBS1 and THBS2 may not be strongly linked to the development or risk of CAD in the studied Indian population. The associations observed between age, lipid profiles, and CAD highlight the multifactorial nature of CAD susceptibility. Further research with larger sample sizes and diverse populations is warranted to validate these findings and explore additional genetic factors contributing to CAD in specific populations.

Serum Mg, Zn and Fe levels among coronary artery disease patients in an urban south Indian region.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in CAD development, with trace elements like zinc, magnesium, copper, and iron impacting atherogenesis through their antioxidant or oxidant activity. This cross sectional study was conducted under the ICMR-STS program with IEC approval with the aim to estimate and correlate serum magnesium, zinc, and iron levels in CAD patients compared to healthy Individuals in the Urban South Indian population (50 cases, 50 controls, aged 40-70 years). Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in serum iron levels between cases (95.10 ± 38.82 µg/dL) and controls (118.30 ± 50.54 µg/dL) with a p-value of 0.012. Serum magnesium levels showed a marginal difference between cases (1.97±0.11 mg/dL) and controls (1.92±0.15 mg/dL) with a p-value of 0.053. However, serum zinc levels did not exhibit a statistically significant difference between cases (123.47 ± 26.35 mg/dL) and controls (118.90 ± 32.77 mg/dL) with a p-value of 0.445. Thus, data shows the association between low serum iron levels and an increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Retracted: Genetic Analysis Reveals Different Mechanisms of IL-5 Involved in the Development of CAD in a Chinese Han Population.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2023/1700857.].

THE CORRELATION PARAMETERS OF CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION ON THE BACKGROUND OF STEATOHEPATOSIS

Introduction. Coronary heart disease (CHD) and its complications in the modern world are one of the main causes of disability and mortality of people of different ages [1-3]. Fatty liver disease - steatohepatosis - is an important factor in the development and progression of CAD and increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, information on cardiac dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease with manifestations of steatohepatosis is insufficient and contradictory, the diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of this pathology are not accurate enough.
 The aim of the study. Determination of the correlations of the studied indicators in patients with coronary artery disease complicated by fatty liver disease.
 Research methods. Fatty infiltration of the liver was diagnosed using ultrasound of the abdominal cavity (EUB-6000 scanner; Hitachi Medical Corporation, Japan). The content of NT-proBNP was determined on StatFax-303, the activity of enzymes and indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were determined using the CRPLX "Roche Diagnostics" reagent set on the COBAS INTEGRA 400 plus automatic analyzer.
 In order to identify correlations, the coefficient of linear correlation |r| was determined between all studied indicators. The strength of the relationship was estimated by the absolute value of the Pearson linear correlation coefficient, considering that at r <0.25 the relationship is weak, 0.25 <r< 0.75 - a relationship of medium strength, r ˃ 0.75 - correlation the bond is strong. We used the STATISTICA 6.0 software package (StatSoft, USA) [8].
 Results and discussion. Strong probable positive correlations were found between glucose concentration and the content of triacylglycans, glycated hemoglobin, atherogenicity coefficient, and lipase activity.
 Strong probable positive correlations were found between the activity of pancreatic amylase and the concentration of creatinine, C-reactive protein, interleukin 1β, NT-proBNP, and ALT activity.
 Strong probable positive correlations were found between the concentration of NT-proBNP and the content of uric acid, glucose, C-reactive protein, apoprotein A, interleukin 10, LDH activity, and alkaline phosphatase.
 Strong probable positive correlations were found between the concentration of creatinine and the content of total cholesterol, the content of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and lipase activity.
 Strong probable positive correlations were found between the concentration of total cholesterol and the content of HDL-cholesterol, creatinine, and lipase activit
 Conclusions. Steatohepatosis is a factor in the development and progression of coronary heart disease and probably increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. In the group of patients with steatohepatosis, reliable strong correlation links of carbohydrate metabolism with other parameters were revealed. In the group of patients with on the background of steatohepatosis, significant strong correlation of the level of NT-proBNP, cholesterol and creatinine with other parameters was found.

Effectiveness of Video-Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors Contributing to Coronary Artery Disease Among Hypertensive Patients at a Selected Hospital in Bangalore

nbspBackground Hypertension is not the only significant risk factor for the development and progression of Coronary artery disease CAD. By being aware of the risk factors associated with CAD and consistently adhering to preventive measures it is possible to mitigate these risks effectively. Objective To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding risk factors of coronary artery disease CAD among hypertensive patients at a selected hospital in Bangalore. Methods This evaluative research study included 60 hypertensive patients admitted at a selected hospital in Bengaluru. Demographic details of all the patients were collected. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used for collecting baseline data from the hypertensive patients on their knowledge and practice regarding risk factors of CAD. An intervention through a video-assisted teaching programme regarding risk factors of coronary artery disease was administered to all the patients. Pre-and post-knowledge data were compared using various descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The majority of hypertensive patients were 35 to 45 years old 50 and were admitted to special ward 48.3. Regarding prior information about CAD 83.3 reported to have prior information out of which 41.7 of patients reported to have received the information from others. 46.7 of patients had hypertension for lt 1 year. The level of knowledge increased from inadequate to adequate up to 93.3 post-intervention. The average level of practice increased from 26.7 to 91.7 post-intervention. Conclusion The result revealed that the video-assisted teaching programme was effective and appropriate in improving knowledge regarding the risk factors of CAD among hypertensive patients.

Performance-Based Analysis of Mesh Smoothing Methods Combining Topology Optimization and Additive Manufacturing

Most design-to-manufacturing frameworks combining topology optimization (TO) and additive manufacturing (AM) integrate mesh smoothing methods as post-processing techniques to remove discrete irregularities of optimized topologies. Notably, a design framework is proposed incorporating all the CAD development stages within the design phase providing smooth and ready-to-print topologies. The Laplacian-based smoothing algorithms have demonstrated a high capacity in removing surface noise. This study focuses on investigating the smoothing capacity of both HC Laplacian and Taubin methods using mesh quality metrics to assess on their performance in terms of geometric preservation and volume shrinkage. Taubin method was found to produce high-quality smooth meshes with less volume shrinkage compared to HC Laplacian. The Taubin model exhibited an increase of 15.06% in mesh volume whereas the HC Laplacian model had a volume shrinkage of 28.14%. Additionally, finite element analyses of the three-point bending test using ANSYS is set to measure the flexural stiffness of an optimized MBB beam under both HC Laplacian and Taubin smoothing methods. Overall, the flexural stiffness of Taubin is nearly two times the original model with a surplus of 46.91% whereas HC Laplacian exhibited a flexural stiffness that is less with 72.07% than the original model.

Conventional cardiovascular risk factors in young individuals with three-vessel coronary artery disease experiencing sudden cardiac death

Abstract Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young victims under 50 years of age. Despite the young age, highly advanced CAD is a common finding at autopsies. Purpose We aimed to determine the prevalence of conventional cardiovascular risk factors in ischemic SCD victims under the age of 50 years with a three-vessel CAD detected at autopsy. Methods The study population was derived from the Fingesture study, consisting of consecutive victims of SCD in Northern Finland between years 1998-2017 (n=5,869). All victims underwent medico-legal autopsy with histological examinations, and toxicology investigations was performed if necessary. Pre-mortem clinical history was obtained from available medical records and medication, questionnaires to closest family members and police reports about the conditions of the death. Results In the Fingesture study, a total of 266 SCDs caused by CAD were observed in victims under 50 years of age. Three-vessel disease was detected in 118 victims (44%). The victims with three-vessel disease had more commonly a history of diabetes (26% vs. 14%, p=0.017) compared with victims with fewer major coronary arteries affected. No statistically significant difference was detected in the prevalence of known dyslipidemia (16% vs. 9%, p=0.134), hypertension (29% vs. 19%, p=0.103), male gender (88% vs. 91%, p=0.552), family history of SCD (33% vs. 36%, p=0.841), smoking (81% vs. 72%, p=0.371), or mean age (45 years vs. 44 years, p=0.120). Conclusions The history of diabetes was the only conventional risk factor associated with three-vessel disease in young individuals who experienced SCD determined to be caused by CAD. Along with previous studies, these results highlight the role of diabetes in the development of CAD and adverse outcomes in young people.

Concomitant coronary artery disease development in identical twins: a case report and a systematic literature review

Abstract Case summary: Two 47-year-old monozygotic male twins presented to a tertiary hospital with chest pain (having a 3-month difference in their presentation). They were both smokers without any other standard modifiable risk factor or positive family history. Coronary angiograms of both twins demonstrated concordant coronary anatomy and obstructive CAD in two major epicardial coronary vessels with nearly identical lesions. Lipoprotein(a) [lp(a)] levels were substantially elevated in both twins (170 and 120 mg/dl respectively). Aiming to explain the almost identical CAD observed, next-generation whole-exome sequencing analyses were performed; however, no disease-causing CAD- or lp(a)-related mutation could be identified. Background The occurrence of CAD is strongly affected by genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Currently, a growing yet heterogeneous body of evidence reports the development of concomitant CAD in identical twins; however, no systematic approach has been attempted so far to gather and quantify the existing evidence. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted by searching for original studies in PubMed, WebOfScience and Scopus databases through February 28, 2023 to identify every study reporting the incidence of CAD in monozygotic twin pairs according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and predetermined eligibility criteria (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TWXKP). Results Our search yielded 28 eligible studies encompassing a total of 37 monozygotic twin pairs suffering from CAD and presenting (simultaneously most of them) with acute coronary syndrome (mean age of presentation: 46 years, male percentage: 78%). Coronary angiograms demonstrated lesion and anatomy concordance at a 86% and 79% of the twin pairs, respectively. Concordance of the standard modifiable (environmental) cardiovascular risk factors was identified in at least 75% of the twin pairs, whereas only 4 genetic polymorphisms were identified (i.e., erythrocyte/leucocyte, ACE, LDLR, APOB genes and HLA polymorphisms). Conclusion This is the first systematic literature review of studies reporting identical twin pairs who suffer concomitantly from CAD. Most pairs shared similar environmental risk factors; however, their premature CAD could not be sufficiently explained in most cases leading us to speculate underlying (non-recognized) epigenetic interplay. Monozygotic twin studies -unbiased by age effects- can provide insights into CAD heritability on the grounds of their ability to disentangle the traditional dyad of genetic and environmental factors. Given the limited evidence on disease-causing mutations in the eligible studies, future twin studies are warranted to shed light on non-investigated genetic polymorphisms [such as lp(a)-related single nucleotide polymorphisms] and investigate the within-pair epigenetic drift through novel biomarkers of epigenetic regulation.PRISMA flow diagram of the reviewConcordance of CAD-related risk factors

Abstract 17570: Combining Genomic Profiling and Clinical Data Through Machine Learning Modeling for the Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Severity: Insights From the Genetic SYNTAX Score (GESS) Trial

Background: Genomic profiling emerges as a powerful partner in the prediction of CAD development. Hypothesis: Machine learning (ML) algorithms integrating genomic profiling and clinical data could improve patient outcomes by contributing to earlier non-invasive diagnosis of obstructive CAD. Aims: The Genetic Syntax Score (GESS) prospective cohort study aimed to create a ML-algorithm able to predict the severity of CAD based on the analysis of 228 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and relevant clinical and demographic data. Ultimate goal of this analysis was to compare the predictive capacity of a SNP-including model with that of a clinical model without SNPs. Methods: Patients with suspected CAD (n=919, mean age: 64±12 years) underwent invasive coronary angiography (from 2019 to 2021), and, thereby, their SYNTAX score was determined. Peripheral blood samples were drawn for genomic profiling (next generation sequencing analysis of a custom-made panel consisting of 228 SNPs) under standardized methods. After the ML-based selection of the most important subset of features (clinical/SNPs), two competing meta-learners were fitted, called Model A (including clinical/demographic predictors) and Model B (Model A plus SNPs predictors). The difference in their predictive capacities for the precise assessment of CAD risk (whether a patient presents with SYNTAX score >0 or =0) and CAD severity (whether a patient presents with higher SYNTAX score) was investigated via Delong’s test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test, respectively. Results: Our ML-algorithm identified a total of 8 SNPs (rs11984041, rs41291556, rs2023938, rs2107595, rs216172, rs1800562, rs3732379, and rs964184) as significant predictors of CAD risk, and 7 SNPs (rs4845625, rs6689306, rs2046934, rs1332844, rs6801273, rs663129, and rs870142) as significant predictors of CAD severity. Model B demonstrated superior performance compared to Model A (Z=2.451, p=0.014 for CAD risk assessment, and V=16731, p=0.002 for CAD severity assessment). Conclusion(s): The combined use of clinical/demographic parameters and genomic profiling might be deployed to improve the prediction of CAD risk and severity under the guidance of ML-techniques. Registration: NCT03150680

Маршрут проектирования и тестирование аналоговых блоков RTL модели программно-аналитического комплекса САПР

The article discusses the stages of development of domestic CAD designed for the design of various digital devices of microelectronics. The presented works were carried out by VGLTU together with ROSELECTRONICS Holding. An important process in the development of CAD is the design of analog RTL (Register Transfer Level) blocks that determine the logic of the device functioning at a low level. This development needs to build a design route and test RTL blocks, for the practical implementation of which the programming languages of the Verilog and SystemVerilog microcontrollers were used. At the beginning, the CAD testing route is described in detail with a detailed description of its stages. Then the cells of functional SF blocks were generated, and the algorithm of its generation was given. The distinctive features of the conducted analysis is the ability to conduct testing for analog blocks. At the end, various testing methods were used, including functional testing, performance testing at various loads and verification of compliance with specifications. Also, the simulation of the operation of the units at different operating frequencies and with changing parameters was carried out. In conclusion, we described the process of installing CAD on the developer's workstation, which is necessary for the correct use of the PCB in the Cadence environment.

Update on the role of genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens in canine atopic dermatitis.

Canine atopic dermatitis (cAD) is a common, complex and multifactorial disease involving, among others, genetic predisposition, environmental factors and allergic sensitisation. This review summarises the current evidence on the role of genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitisation in the pathogenesis of cAD since the last review by ICADA in 2015. Online citation databases and proceedings from international meetings on genetic factors, environmental factors and allergens relevant to cAD that had been published between 2015 and 2022 were reviewed. Despite intensive research efforts, the detailed genetic background predisposing to cAD and the effect of a wide range of environmental factors still need more clarification. Genome-wide association studies and investigations on genetic biomarkers, such as microRNAs, have provided some new information. Environmental factors appear to play a major role. Lifestyle, especially during puppyhood, appears to have an important impact on the developing immune system. Factors such as growing up in a rural environment, large size of family, contact with other animals, and a nonprocessed meat-based diet may reduce the risk for subsequent development of cAD. It appears that Toxocara canis infection may have a protective effect against Dermatophagoides farinae-induced cAD. House dust mites (D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus) remain the most common allergen group to which atopic dogs react. Currently, the major allergens related to D. farinae in dogs include Der f 2, Der f 15, Der f 18 and Zen 1. Canine atopic dermatitis remains a complex, genetically heterogeneous disease that is influenced by multiple environmental factors. Further, well-designed studies are necessary to shed more light on the role of genetics, environmental factors and major allergens in the pathogenesis of cAD.

1243-P: Usefulness of New Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome Optimized for Prediction of Cardiovascular Diseases in Japanese

The use of multiple diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) may miss high-risk populations for cardiovascular disease. Moreover, since women are more likely to have subcutaneous fat deposits than men, the predictive ability of cardiovascular disease may be improved by optimizing the cut-off value of each component of criteria according to sex and considering whether to include waist circumference (WC) as a required component. In a nationwide cohort of 565,079 men and women from 2008 to 2016 in Japan, we analyzed the association between MetS and each component and the development of CAD, CVD, or CAD/CVD using multivariate Cox regression. Of these 3,934 men (1.19%) and 893 women (0.38%) developed CAD/CVD, with a 1.3- to 2.9-fold increased risk of CAD/CVD when current MetS components were met. The optimal thresholds for predicting CAD/CVD by ROC analysis in men and women were WC 83 and 77 cm, triglycerides 130 and 90 mg/dl, HDL-C 50 and 65 mg/dl, BP 130/80 and 120/80 mmHg, and FPG of 100 and 90 mg/dl, respectively. Although no significant difference was detected between the current MetS criteria and our modified criteria in the ability to predict CAD/CVD, using the new criteria increased prevalence of MetS and significantly improved sensitivity (Table). Optimizing MetS criteria could significantly reduce the number of high-risk individuals overlooked by the current criteria. Disclosure Y.Mitsuma: None. Y.Matsubayashi: None. M.Iwanaga: None. T.Yamada: None. K.Kato: None. H.Sone: Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Astellas Pharma Inc., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. K.Fujihara: None. K.Murai: None. T.Sato: None. Y.Yaguchi: None. M.H.Yamada: None. M.Yamamoto: None. T.Osawa: None. M.Kitazawa: None.

Interrelationship of psychological and sociological factors after a first percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) : Implications for secondary prevention

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): This study is supported with a young investigator grant from Vísindaráð Landspítala [the science committee of Landspitali-University Hospital] awarded to dr. Erla Svansdóttir. Background Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death, disability, and health-care burden worldwide. Advances in medical technology combined with identification of CAD risk factors has resulted in lower CAD mortality rates in western countries in the past decades. Secondary prevention constitutes a crucial factor for hindering further CAD development by helping patients with risk factor modification. Psychological and sociological factors have been identified as risk factors for progression of CAD and adverse well-being following adverse CAD events, and should be given consideration in secondary prevention. Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of psycho- and sociological factors in patients undergoing a first Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) and to explore how the interrelationship of these factors affect patients’ well-being. This study is a part of a larger study investigating the psychological well-being and rehabilitation success of patients after an initial PCI procedure up to six months post-PCI. Methods Participants were 97 patients (mean age 60±7.6 years) who underwent a PCI in Iceland from December 2021 to May 2022. Questionnaires assessing somatic symptoms, anxiety, depression, perceived stress, cardiac anxiety, and distress personality were administered during hospitalization. Results Majority of participants were male (79%), in a relationship (79%), had secondary/higher education (83%), worked full time (72%) and lived in the capital area (69%). Overall, nearly half of PCI patients showed some depression symptoms (47%) and 38% some anxiety symptoms. Of these, 15% and 10% had moderate or severe symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Women scored higher than men on cardiac anxiety and cardiac-related avoidance (p’s<0.05). Age had a negative correlation with somatic symptom scores (r=-0.26, p<0.05), anxiety (r=-0.32, p<0.01), cardiac anxiety (r=-0.24, p<0.01), cardiac fear and worry (r=-0.39, p<0.01) and social inhibition (r=-0.26, p<0.01). Higher education level was linked with lower anxiety, depression, perceived stress, negative affectivity and social inhibition (table 1). Not being in a relationship was associated with more somatic symptoms (ß=0.27), perceived stress (ß=0.24) and cardiac-related avoidance (ß=0.25), independent of age, gender, and education status (see table 2, all p’s<0.05). In secondary analyses patients not in a relationship had higher odds of current smoking (OR 5.4, 95% CI:1.7-17.6) and of having some depression symptoms (OR 2.7, 95% CI:1.0-7.4). Conclusion Nearly half of PCI patients in Iceland had some depression or anxiety symptoms, and psychological distress was higher among patients of younger age or lower education levels. Single patients may pose a group in need of specific support in secondary prevention given their elevated somatic symptoms, cardiac-related avoidance and perceived stress which may hinder rehabilitation efforts.

Effect of insulin resistance on CAC scores in cancer survivors

BackgroundMany ca. survivors exhibit signs of IR, an important risk factor for the development of CAD. CAC scans offer a risk assessment of CV disease before cardiac damage has occurred. We investigated how IR affects CAC scores in cancer survivors.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to show that CAC scores differ significantly between insulin-sensitive- and -resistant cancer survivors.MethodsWe enrolled 90 cancer survivors of a large community hospital from March 2021 to January 2022 into this pilot study. Patients were subdivided into three groups: insulin-sensitive (IS), insulin-resistant/prediabetic and insulin-resistant/diabetic. All patients received a CAC scan.Results70% of asymptomatic survivors overall and 81% of asymptomatic IR patients show CAD on CAC scans. 17 CAC scans in the IS group, 6 CAC scans in the IR/prediabetic group and 5 CAC scans in the IR/diabetic group showed an Agatston score of 0. The p-value between the three groups was statistically significant (p = 0.005) whereas the IR/prediabetic- and the IR/diabetic group did not differ statistically from each other. The mean MESA 10-year CHD risk with CAC was 7.8. There was a highly significant difference between the 3 groups (p < 0.001). The two IR groups did not differ statistically (p = 0.076).ConclusionsSurvivors with IR including prediabetes have less frequent zero CAC scores than insulin-sensitive survivors. Our study also showed that IR including prediabetes significantly increases the MESA 10-yr. CHD Risk with CAC in cancer survivors. This trial highlights the importance of screening survivors for IR and draws attention to the association of IR to CAC not only in diabetes but also in prediabetes. The high fraction of asymptomatic survivors with CAD is concerning and calls for further investigation. CAC scans are an inexpensive and efficient way of screening asymptomatic cancer survivors for CAD.

PS-C05-8: ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE LEVELS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH CORONARY ARTERY INVOLVEMENT IN KAWASAKI DISEASE

Objectives: The general objective of this study is to determine association of ESR with cardiovascular involvement in Kawasaki Disease (KD) patients. Specific Objectives: Design and method: This is a cross sectional study conducted at National Childrens Hospital (NCH), a tertiary pediatric hospital. Data was gathered using charts from the medical records of patients diagnosed with KD. Study population included patients diagnosed with KD with classical presentation from year 2013–2018. The diagnostic criteria for KD require presence of fever for five days or more and at least four of five of the following: bilateral conjunctival infection without exudates, polymorphous exanthema, strawberry tongue, desquamation of palms and soles, and cervical lymphadenopathy. ESR levels were recorded both as a numerical variable and categorical variable based on the level (below 80 mm/hr, more than 80 mm/hr). Patients with coronary artery involvement included perivascular brightness, coronary artery dilatation, or coronary aneurysm on two-dimensional echocardiography done during admission for KD. Descriptive statistics was done using frequency and percentages for categorical variables, and standard deviations for continuous variables was calculated to describe the profile of the respondents. Determination of the association between ESR and CAD among KD patients was analyzed using Chi square test and stratified analysis. Odds ratio and the 95% confidence interval was also calculated. Significance was set at p value of &lt; 0.05. Results: Of the 116 patients, 72.4% of the population were noted to have cardiac involvement and 50% had coronary artery involvement. The most common coronary artery involvement was on the proximal right coronary artery. Moreover, pericardial effusion and valvular regurgitation mostly involving the mitral valve were the most common cardiac involvement. In the population, 61 (52.6%) were male, and 26 (42.6%) of which developed CAD however no correlation between sex and CAD was revealed. Conclusion: This study showed no correlation between the level of ESR and the development of CAD. It is not recommended to obtain ESR in patients who qualify as complete KD. Hence the study does not support the practice of obtaining ESR upon admission of KD patients. Further studies on the association of ESR with CAD with higher sample size and adjusting for other confounding variables are needed.

EigenCircuit: Divergent Synthetic Benchmark Generation for Hardware Security Using PCA and Linear Programming

Benchmarks are the standards by which technologies can be evaluated and fairly compared. In the field of digital circuits, benchmarks were critical for the development of CAD and FPGA tools decades ago. Hardware security is an emerging field of research where new techniques of security and vulnerability of hardware designs are being proposed in higher volume each year. Using decade-old VLSI/CAD-oriented benchmarks for analyzing the techniques has many issues as these benchmarks were not developed for security research. Additionally, the rise of statistical analysis or machine learning (ML) to model vulnerabilities and solve security issues demands a very large set of samples for training purposes. Since the number of available VLSI/CAD benchmarks is limited, such volume can only be obtained through synthetic benchmark generation tools. To accommodate both of these needs, the first hardware security-oriented synthetic circuit benchmark generation framework is developed in this article. With the use of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear optimization tool, the benchmarks generated by the proposed framework are “divergent,” that is having maximum variation in structures from each other. By accommodating user inputs for desired features, the framework offers customization for generating richer and more challenging benchmarks for data-driven hardware security. With thorough experimentation, we demonstrate our framework’s scalability, the structural and functional variations in the generated benchmarks, and the advantage of structurally variant synthetic benchmarks in hardware security applications.

Computer-Aided Diagnosis Methods for High-Frequency Ultrasound Data Analysis: A Review.

Over the last few decades, computer-aided diagnosis systems have become a part of clinical practice. They have the potential to assist clinicians in daily diagnostic tasks. The image processing techniques are fast, repeatable, and robust, which helps physicians to detect, classify, segment, and measure various structures. The recent rapid development of computer methods for high-frequency ultrasound image analysis opens up new diagnostic paths in dermatology, allergology, cosmetology, and aesthetic medicine. This paper, being the first in this area, presents a research overview of high-frequency ultrasound image processing techniques, which have the potential to be a part of computer-aided diagnosis systems. The reviewed methods are categorized concerning the application, utilized ultrasound device, and image data-processing type. We present the bridge between diagnostic needs and already developed solutions and discuss their limitations and future directions in high-frequency ultrasound image analysis. A search was conducted of the technical literature from 2005 to September 2022, and in total, 31 studies describing image processing methods were reviewed. The quantitative and qualitative analysis included 39 algorithms, which were selected as the most effective in this field. They were completed by 20 medical papers and define the needs and opportunities for high-frequency ultrasound application and CAD development.