Development Of Tourism Business Research Articles

Business tourism: a bibliometric visualization review (1994–2023)

Purpose The advent of the postpandemic era has brought renewed attention to the development of business tourism. However, the existing research on business tourism is fragmented, and there are gaps in the current understanding of the subject. This study aims to identify the intellectual structures, current hotspots and research directions in the business tourism field from 1994 to 2023. Design/methodology/approach A bibliometric visual analysis using VOSviewer was conducted to assimilate the available knowledge from 136 business tourism-related articles collected in the WoS Core Collection database between 1994 and 2023. Findings The results indicate that the number of business tourism-related research fluctuates, but the overall trend is gradually increasing. It synthesizes four main research themes, which are tourist behavior, destination marketing, information technology and work-family interferences of business travelers. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is among the first to systematically review business tourism publications over the past 29 years. It assists scholars in gaining a more comprehensive understanding of business tourism research and informs future research directions.

Development of tourism policy in the European Union

The development of the European Union's tourism policy is studied. The types of the Union's competence (exclusive, joint and auxiliary) are considered. It is noted that the Union's competence in the field of tourism is an innovation of the Lisbon Treaty, which states that the EU has been empowered to support, coordinate and complement the actions of Member States in the tourism sector, i.e. the Union will not take independent action in this area. It is established that, due to the lack of competence in the tourism sector, the European Union does not have any official body that would directly deal with the development of tourism in the Member States, but some issues related to tourism are within the competence of the European Parliament and the European Commission. It is noted that recent years have confirmed the interest of the Union institutions in tourism policy. The main messages and programs of the European Commission, which set policy guidelines for the development of the tourism sector, are considered. Two documents from 2022, which form the basis of the EU tourism policy, are analyzed: Council conclusions on European Agenda for Tourism 2030 and the Tourism transition pathway – Co-creation and co-implementation process. It is noted that tourism accounts for almost 10% of the Union's GDP and employs about 23 million people, but despite being one of the most important sectors of the European economy, tourism is not seriously considered. At present, the European Union has only auxiliary powers, i.e., the ability to supplement, support and coordinate the actions of the Member States, without the possibility of harmonizing the legislation of the Member States in the field of tourism. It is proposed that in order to achieve more effectively the Union's objectives in the field of tourism, which are to create a favorable environment for the development of tourism business and to promote cooperation between Member States, in particular in the exchange of goods and practices, a common tourism policy should be introduced and a body responsible for the tourism sector should be established. It has been proven that a thriving tourism industry will increase the overall competitiveness of the European Union on the world stage.

Global market of business tourism: development problems and prospects

An important role in the development of global international tourism is played by business tourism, or corporate tourism, aimed at meeting the needs of business travelers and forming specific trends in the development of the global tourism industry. The study of problems and prospects for the development of the global market of business tourism is aimed at the understanding by market players of its dynamics and the adoption of effective strategic solutions for its future development. The subject of research in the article is the theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of the business tourism global market development. The goal is to analyze the current state and identify trends and prospects for the business tourism global market development. The objective is to research the problems and prospects for the business tourism global market development. General scientific methods are used: systematic analysis - to determine the features of the business tourism global market development, comparative analysis - in the analysis of existing approaches to the definition of business tourism. The following results were obtained: based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in the main indicators of the business tourism global market, the main problematic aspects and trends of its development were determined. Conclusions: business tourism is one of the most relevant industries for the tourism destination development, as it can bring significant income to the local budget. The process of business tourism development requires prior planning and preparation, including the construction or restoration of infrastructure, which requires cooperation between enterprises of different industries.

Business development plan for Ngargogondo tourism village based on industry 4.0 technology

Ngargogondo Tourism Village is one of the tourist villages in Magelang Regency, which is in the Balai Ekonomi Desa (Balkondes) area of the Borobudur Region. This tourist village was newly formed and was inaugurated in 2021. Meanwhile, marketing success is one factor determining a tourist village's development. In addition, other more attractive and anti-mainstream developments are needed with the surrounding tourist villages. The current study applied a descriptive qualitative research by conducting observations and interviews. Then, the information and data were measured and analyzed utilizing marketing mix, SWOT, and Business Model Canvas (BMC) analyses. This research procedure also consisted of three stages: data collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis results. The focus on the data analysis is based on the 9 aspects, including customer segment, value proposition, channels, customer relationship, revenue stream, key resources, key activities, key partnership, and cost structure. Based on this, a study is required to identify the marketing potential of Ngargogondo Village based on the marketing mix and then analyzed based on SWOT and Business Model Canvas (BMC) to develop a tourism business development plan base on industry 4.0 technology. Further, the research results can be used to formulate a marketing strategy for the Ngargogondo Tourism Village to develop its tourism business.

სახელმწიფოს როლი ტურისტული ბიზნესის განვითარებაში

Tourism business in Georgia is a means of stimulating the country's economy, it creates additional jobs, develops small businesses, is an important source of income for other business sectors, promotes the sale of products produced and imported in the country, and therefore, as in other countries, this sector is an important source of state income in Georgia. According to the information spread by the National Tourism Administration, in 2022, Georgia received 3.5 billion dollars in income from international travel. According to their own statement, the income received from travel in 2022 exceeded the figure of 2019 and showed a record figure of 3,516,634,479 USD, which is a recovery of the similar figure of 2019 by 107.6%. According to the data of the National Statistical Service of Georgia, in 2022, 5.4 million international non-residents travelled to Georgia, which is 2.9 times higher than the previous year. Most of the visits were made in Tbilisi at the regional level, 57.2%, followed by Adjara with 45.1% and Mtskheta-Mtianeti with 19%. From the rest of the regions, the most visits were made to Kvemo Kartli 7.9%, Samtskhe-Javakheti 7.7%, Imereti 7.5% and Kakheti 5.8%. In Georgia, in order to develop the tourism business during the pandemic and post pandemic period, it was necessary for the state to develop a systematic approach. It is worth noting that the government has shown some support in this direction and carried out the postponement of loans taken by individuals and legal entities, exempting a number of companies from taxes and establishing certain benefits, etc. The National Tourism Administration, in its turn, implemented the following activities: support of the private sector and trainings in the direction of adaptation of operations, communication with private sectors, recommendations and planning of future actions, deepening of international cooperation. The project "Work from Georgia" of the National Tourism Administration made a great contribution to the development of tourism, which meant hosting highly paid citizens of foreign countries who wish to work remotely in Georgia. This project contributed to the entry of more affluent tourists to Georgia, and what is very important, it increased the statistical stay period of travelers in Georgia compared to previous years. Tourism, like other economic sectors, needs the establishment of appropriate state policies and state support, both at the local, regional and national levels, for stable development. The development of tourism business in Georgia and the growth of incomes from this field were caused by the recognition of tourism as a priority area of the country's economy. For a country that actually has tourism potential and possesses certain competitive advantages, tourism should be one of the main pillars and priority areas of the country's development strategy. Our country really has this potential, and with the support of the state, the tourism business will become more competitive throughout the region. Conclusions 1. The state should make the population more informed about the existence of state programs promoting tourism business, so that interested people can get involved in it if they wish. 2. The state should actively take care of the arrangement of destinations and infrastructure. 3. The more the demand of foreign tourists based on the increased tourist flows will be satisfied with local products, the more stimulating it will be for the economy of our country. 4. Involvement of the state in the development of tourism business is undoubtedly necessary. 5. The development of tourism business can make a significant contribution to the solution of the country's unemployment problem and the stability of the exchange rate of the lari.

Peningkatan Usaha Koperasi Wisata Berbasis Potensi Desa

The village environment in West Java presents beautiful and enchanting natural views. This natural potential can be managed in such a way that it can improve the regional economy. Management can be done through economic institutions, such as cooperatives with a specific business unit, namely tourism or Tourism Cooperatives. This community service activity aims to increase understanding of running a business through legal entity tourism cooperatives, developing tourism cooperative businesses, assisting with the legality of cooperative institutions, and assisting in obtaining business permits through online single submission (OSS). This activity uses the participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method to make conducting community economic business development activities based on village potential easier. The result of this activity is that the cooperative management community has a tourism business development plan document in accordance with the KBLI, strategic plan, work plan, and follow-up to each business development program. Tourism Cooperatives already have complete legality accompanied by various business permits such as Notarial Deeds, Ministry of Law and Human Rights Deeds, Business Permit Numbers (NIB), and Licensing for each business unit owned, with adequate cooperative organizational structure and completeness.

Kajian Potensi Pengunjung dalam Rangka Pengembangan Bisnis Wisata Alam (Studi Kasus Wisata Alam Kumkum di Kota Palangka Raya)

Study of Visitor Potential in the Context of Nature Tourism Business Development (Case Study of Kumkum Nature Tourism in Palangka Raya City)

PROJECT APPROACH TO MARKETING MANAGEMENT IN TOURISM

The purpose of this article is to study the peculiarities of the project approach to marketing management in tourism, which in the conditions of modern changes, which in today's conditions will allow tourism business enterprises to be more flexible, endure and continue to develop in crisis situations. The article considers project management as an important component of management in tourism. The significance of the project approach to marketing management in tourism has been studied. The significance of the project approach to marketing management in tourism is characterized as an important direction in increasing the competitiveness of tourism business enterprises. The main aspects of marketing project management at tourism business enterprises are considered. Since in today's conditions of rapid development of society, the requirements of tourists are increasingly changing not only for the tourist product, but also for its promotion on the market. Increasingly, tourism business enterprises need to work ahead of time in order to find out what will be of interest to tourists in the future and to determine trends in the development of tourism business. This cannot be done without a comprehensive approach to marketing management in tourism in order to use all possible resources in such activities. In this case, to date, the most promising and comprehensive is the project approach to marketing management in tourism, which involves the teamwork of the entire enterprise during the creation and implementation of marketing projects, and not the work of only one marketing department. The project approach in the creation and implementation of a tourist product is extremely important today, because the requirements for the complexity of the tourist product can be fulfilled only with the comprehensive activity of all employees of the enterprise through the implementation of the tasks of the marketing project.

Legal Challenges in the Development of Ecotourism as Part of the Tourism Business

Ecotourism is a crucial segment in the rapidly growing tourism industry. Despite being considered a sustainable solution, uncontrolled development can have negative impacts on the environment. This research aims to analyze the legal challenges in the development of ecotourism as part of the tourism business. The study employed a comprehensive literature review utilizing qualitative analysis to gain a thorough understanding of the topic spanning from 1972 to 2023. The findings indicate that the development of ecotourism as part of the tourism business faces several legal challenges. The Tourism Law Number 10 of 2009 serves as the primary foundation, but its implementation in ecotourism raises issues such as the misalignment of business interests and environmental preservation, insufficient participation of local communities, and suboptimal natural resource management. The sustainability of ecotourism requires synergy between the development of tourism business and environmental preservation. There is a need for enhanced regulatory implementation by strengthening community participation in decision-making and increasing their understanding of the economic and environmental benefits of ecotourism.

EFFICIENCY OF THE TOURIST PRODUCT FORMATION PROCESS FROM THE POSITION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION PROVISION

Purpose. Modern development of tourism business requires complex business processes of automation taking into account not only the internal factors of enterprises, but also the influence of external environment on the basis of single informational tourist`s space of creation. The profit of tourist organization depends on many components in conditions of high rates of tourism products moral aging. Of course, to optimize profit it is needed to monitor income and expenses. However, monitoring these processes in real time is quite difficult as it is necessary to constantly monitor not only the result, but also a number of accompanying factors. The use of information and communication technologies in the tourist organization contributes to the improvement of the customer service quality, affects the creating new tourist products` process and provides support for tourist products`s implementation. In modern conditions, the expected benefits from the introduction of a new product can be obtained only through the use of modern ICT capabilities. Improving communication access and increasing the efficiency of internal and external communications will create conditions for effective tourist products/services promotion. Design/methodology/approach. To determine the essence of tourist’s product’s conception and the characteristics of tourist product formation stages, the method of theoretical generalization including elements of analysis, synthesis and systematization was used. Graphical and tabular data of display techniques were usedfor visual presentation of research results. Evaluation of the information level and communication support for the tourist product formation process was carried out on the basis of integral indicator use of the weighted average and expert evaluation`s method. The method of logical generalization and systematic approach was applied to come to conclusions. Findings. Determining the effectiveness of information and communication support in the process of forming a tourist product is a critically important element for the competitiveness and success of tourism enterprises in the modern world which indicates the relevance of the research topic. The article analyzes the process of forming a tourist product from the point of view of information and communication support (ICT). Originality/value. The proposed model, developed on the integral indicator model basis of the weighted average, will help tourism enterprises to determine the effectiveness of information and communication support of tourist product formation process and to take measures to ensure the success from this process. Considering the value of ICT, this model becomes an indispensable part of the strategy for tourism companies in today’s digital world.

Tourism in Ukrainian frontline communities: trends, challenges, and development prospects


 
 
 In Ukraine, as a result of Russia’s military aggression, tourism has suffered significant losses, and in regions close to or where hostilities are ongoing, it has ceased operations altogether. However, there are many examples in the world where countries have recovered quickly and successfully developed after armed conflicts. Given this, it is necessary to study foreign experience in restoring tourism and to develop the author’s own scientific and practical recommendations for further tourism development in wartime and post-war. The purpose of the article is to highlight new trends and peculiarities in the tourism sphere of the frontline communities of Ukraine (Zaporizhzhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Sumy, Kharkiv, and Donetsk regions) during the war and to develop the author’s recommendations for its further development, taking into account the primary data of a sociological survey of tourism rep- resentatives. The study was based on the results of a sociological survey of tourism business owners, employees of tourist infrastructure and attractions, representatives of tourism NGOs, and executive authorities coordinating tourism activities in the frontline territories of Ukraine. The respondents were 144 people from 5 regions of Ukraine: Dnipropetrovs’k, Donetsk, Zaporizhzhia, Sumy, and Kharkiv regions. The sociological survey was conducted from February 2 to 15, 2023 by Estonian (Tallinn University) and Ukrainian scientists with the support of the Estonian Research Agency. The purpose of the survey was to identify the peculiarities of the state of Ukrainian frontline communities and the tourism business in the context of the war and prospects for the future. The sociological survey was conducted using the Google form tool on various areas of tourism business activity, such as the peculiarities of the tourism business before the war, the types of tourism practiced in the community before the outbreak of hostilities, changes in tourism after the outbreak of hostilities, problems and threats to the tourism business, prospects and opportunities for tourism development after the war, the greatest benefits for the community in terms of tourism business development during the war and the post-war period, participation in tourism clusters, and the development of tourism business in the community. The computer programs Microsoft Excel 2010, Adobe Photoshop 2021, and the program SPSS Statistics V21.0 were used for calculations, computations, and graphical constructions. Based on the results of the survey, we suggest ways to restore tourism in the frontline communities of Ukraine after the war.
 
 

Family Kinship in Community-Based Tourism Businesses in Homestay Entrepreneurs Organization in Raja Ampat

The success and sustainability of tourism depends on the local community as the social unit that supports tourism. Community-based tourism initiatives offer solutions to place communities as the main actors in tourism development. In the implementation of tourism business development, communities in Raja Ampat Regency utilize social capital as a tribal, kinship and family unit in developing their businesses. Family members as part of the kinship unit often play a role in running economic businesses and often take part in making important decisions that affect the course of tourism businesses. This paper aims to determine the form and relationship of kinship among members of the Raja Ampat indigenous business and livelihood association, as well as provide a case example of an organization whose decision-making is based on the kinship of its members. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that family kinship as social capital has an important role in running tourism businesses, and homestay tourism businesses in Raja Ampat are formed because they have an extensive family kinship network. This is closely related to the concept of kinship adopted by the Biak tribe. This complexity also affects the running of the organization and decision-making in the organization of homestay entrepreneurs in Raja Ampat, such as the election of the chairman who comes from the clan with the largest number of members and other decision-making processes.

Investigating Business Tourism Development in New Port Said City

Investigating Business Tourism Development in New Port Said City

Service Strategy on Tourism Business Development: Empirical Study on Purbalingga Panyatan Waterfall Tourism Spot

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the impact of service strategy rural tourism on tourism business development in Panyatan Waterfall in Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia
 
 Theoretical framework: Previous study showed that service strategy has positive impact on tourism business development, especially in fomous and well-managed tourism site. However, there is still much to investigate if the situation is occurred in rural destination that not categorized tourism site, like Panyatan Waterfall.
 
 Design/methodology/approach: This research is a primary research type. The authors conducted field research on April-June 2022 to interview and distribute questionnaire to visistors. There are 543 visitors who respond and answer our questionnaire. The respondents were selected using an accidental sampling technique with the Lemeshow formula. The data were analyzed using validity, reliability, and descriptive analyses, as well as simple linear regression.
 
 Findings: The results showed that service strategy in rural tourism has significant effect to tourism business development in this area.
 
 Research, Practical & Social implications: The study revealed that service strategy that conducted by local people surrounding tourist site in Panyatan Waterfall lead positively impact to the economy of community in Panyatan Waterfall.
 
 Originality/value: The result of study indicated that the friendliness of the resident surrounding the tourist site become part of the external service of community, and it attract tourists to visit Panyatan Waterfall.

ТУРИСТСКИЙ БИЗНЕС: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ

The article presents the results of a study of the development of the hospitality industry in the post-pandemic period. The authors ana-lyzed the state of the tourism industry in modern conditions, studied the impact of prices on the development of tourism busi-ness, the role of the hotel business in the development of the tourism industry, identi-fied problems and developed recommenda-tions to minimize negative factors and im-prove the efficiency of business processes in the hospitality industry..

Strengthening Legal Legality of Local Culture Creative Works to Support Entrepreneurship in the Tourism Field

Local cultural copyrighted assets have the potential to support entrepreneurship programs in the tourism sector because, in addition to being numerous and varied, they also have a close emotional relationship in the form of a sense of belonging to the supporting community. However, in practice, these copyrighted assets are problematic in terms of the legality of their ownership due to the weakness of the documents underlying the legal ownership relationship, so these local cultural assets often fall under foreign claims. Another problem is the legal institution that underlies it as an intellectual property right; there is an intersection of conceptions in the relationship between private ownership and communal ownership. This qualitative research uses an empirical normative legal approach by investigating written law as a new legal institution, examining legal principles regarding the applicability of law, studying article by article as a legal formality, and binding it as a force of legislation. The normative approach uses library research with secondary data sources, including conventions, laws, and regulations in Indonesia and journals on the legality of cultural copyright assets. While the empirical approach describes the enactment of the law regarding the legality of cultural copyright assets and analyzes the application of legal institutions regarding communal intellectual property in Makassar City. An empirical approach is used to explore data and information about the maintenance of the legality of cultural copyright assets, and the effects of legal weaknesses on the development of the tourism industry conducted through in-depth interviews with the Regional Office of Law and Human Rights of South Sulawesi, Makassar City Education, and Culture, distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents in Makassar City. The population determined is observers and actors of cultural arts activities in Makassar City. Each population has an equal opportunity to be selected as a sample, so by using a simple random sampling technique, the population is not sorted or stratified first. To determine the sample of informants to be interviewed, purposive sampling was carried out deliberately by the researcher based on certain criteria or considerations. The conclusion of the research shows that the confusion of conceptions can temporarily be overcome because it has been accommodated by Copyright legislation and has not shown any deviation between conceptions. Another conclusion is that the weakness of the legality of local cultural copyright ownership significantly affects the development of local culture-based tourism businesses.

Upaya Pemberdayaan Bisnis Skala Kecil Pariwisata Bali Berkelanjutan pada Era New Normal

Bali tourism was experiencing difficult times with minus growth during the pandemic in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, Bali tourism has’nt recovered as before yet. This proves that the Bali tourism development model based on mass tourism cannot provide comfort and security for the people of Bali. Amid this crisis, it was difficult for Balinese people to return to the agricultural sector due to the decline in agricultural land. Therefore, finding a model for tourism development in Bali for the future was a serious matter. This model must also touch on the philosophy of tourism development in Bali, namely Tri Hita Karana. The results of the analysis show that this philosophy cannot work in the context of mass tourism development. This philosophy can only work in small-scale rural tourism development. Therefore, the ideal Bali tourism model was a small-scale rural tourism model. This model was also threatened by the development of mass tourism. Therefore, the government must pay more attention to the development of small-scale tourism businesses, which were stronger in times of crisis because the small-scale business model was a model of sustainable tourism development in the new normal era.

STUDY OF THE PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF SMALL TOURISM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN THE CITY OF ALMATY

This study is based on an understanding of the state of development of small tourism businesses in Almaty, one of the oldest settlements located along the Great Silk Road. The aim of the study was to obtain accurate data on the current state of development of small tourism businesses in Almaty and to identify problems and prospects. In the course of the research, 655 questionnaire responses from business owners and managers meeting the selection criteria were selected and rigorously monitored over a period of 3 months. As a result of the study, the most important problems of small tourism businesses in Almaty were identified, which include: 75.7% of respondents lacked knowledge about tourism activities; 53.6% of entrepreneurs do not conclude contracts with employees; 82% of business representatives do not have marketing plans; and, as a consequence, inability to obtain loans from banks; and the consequences of the war in Ukraine. However, we also saw some positive trends in the survey: the willingness of respondents to overcome the consequences and the crisis of the covid pandemic-19; motivation to develop their own business; 28.7% of young entrepreneurs; 74.7% of individual entrepreneurs invest in small tourism businesses. Thus, this study is an auxiliary tool for solving the problem of sustainable development of tourism infrastructure of Almaty, service activities, problems arising in small tourism business.

Высокогорный природный парк «Ак Чолушпа» как территория экотуристского интереса

Высокогорный природный парк «Ак Чолушпа» как территория экотуристского интереса

Аналітичні аспекти розвитку туристичного бізнесу в регіональній соціаль-но-економічній дестинації

Abstract. Introduction. The article considers the analytical aspects of tourism business development in the regional social and economic destination, which are implemented according to the criteria for assessing the qual-ity of components of the tourist product and tourist flows. The deals the market of the tourist ser-vices, which determines the parameters of the aggregate value of the indices of the meso- and lo-cal levels. Results. A comprehensive approach to the assessment of the overall value of the tourist business develop-ment index, which is differentiated by the components of the tourism potential at the meso level, has been developed. The inclusiveness of the local tourism business in the regional social and economic destination is determined. The directions of international cooperation of one country with neighboring countries within the regional blocks of tourism business are singled out. The analytical components modeling of the tourist product in the regional social and economic desti-nation are formed. The system of quantitative and qualitative indicators of tourism business de-velopment in the regional social and economic destination of the country is determined. The scale of tourists served by tour operators and travel agents in Ukraine is analyzed. Conclusions. The mechanism of regulation of the development of tourist business in regional social and eco-nomic destination of market type is developed. For strategic analysis of tourism business devel-opment in a regional social and economic destination, a general concept of its evaluation in terms of a systematic approach and analysis of alternatives has been formed. It is proved that the exist-ing tools for assessing the tourism business are the levers of indirect influence on the state econ-omy. Therefore, taking into account cross-border cooperation in this area will determine the cri-teria for optimal profits from tourism and tourism operators and its effect in regional social and economic destinations.