Development Of Augmented Reality Applications Research Articles

Design-based research for the development of augmented reality applications: the case of virtual playground

Augmented Reality applications for education change the classroom experience for both teachers and students. However, the use of these tools is not widespread yet. Current applications still have some limitations, such as: hard to use interfaces, lack of freedom to create content, lack of support for a shared experience among others. This work presents the update of Virtual Playground, an application collaboratively created with language teachers, designers and engineers; and Virtual Playground Creator, an authorship tool for this application. This process was developed following Design-based research methodology in two cycles of ideation, implementation and testing. We present the updates and results regarding the second round of six tests of Virtual Playground with teachers. The main goals were to evaluate if Virtual Playground Creator allows teachers to create AR experiences to use in classrooms; and (2) investigate if there were missing or unnecessary features in Virtual Playground Creator. Results have shown that the tool allowed teachers to work with diverse skills and competences. The Virtual Playground Creator prototype allowed the teacher to create their AR experiences proposed, although, in some cases modifications were needed. The main issues were related to the limited 3D library in the prototype evaluated and lack of creation possibilities.

Using the Unity 3D Environment and the Vuforia Plugin to Develop an AR Application

Currently, more and more interactive media environments are offered to users. Augmented reality (AR) technologies are one of the environments where interactive interaction is provided and which can integrate objects in virtual environments with real objects. Augmented reality technologies are used in many areas, including in the field of education. Some aspects of the development of augmented reality applications are discussed in the article. It was revealed that the Unity platform and the Vuforia plugin are used as the most popular tools by AR application developers, which have a number of advantages. The process of developing an AR application for the education sector using the Unity environment, the C# programming language and Vuforia is considered. The Unity 3D environment and the Vuforia plugin are in practice an effective combination of flexible mobile application development tools with augmented reality elements.

Utilization of AR Technology for The Development of Speech Therapy Applications by Optimizing Marked-Based Tracking Method

Autism is a developmental disorder that attacks children mentally and causes difficulties in interacting with the social environment. Therapy that can be done to people with autism to deal with communication disorders is speech therapy. Application usage health or better known as mobile health is easy and fast to help users in accessing information about various health problems, one of which is child development or better known as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) which was developed using augmented reality (AR) technology. The purpose of the study is to optimizing the marked-based tracking method to augmented reality technology for speech therapy tutorials for children with autism. The results obtained from this study are the SELPY application (Self Autism Therapy) mobile-based speech therapy for people with autism which is a product of the application of appropriate technology in the field of information technology, especially in the health sector. The marked-based tracking method has been successfully implemented in the development of speech therapy AR applications for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This is by the results of the tests that have been carried out, namely distance testing and angle testing. The most ideal distance to detect marker/image targets is 40cm to 50cm with a smartphone tilt angle of 200 to 300.

Development of Augmented Reality Application for Made-to-Order Furniture Industry in Pampanga, Philippines

The focus of the study was to develop a mobile application utilizing marker-less augmented reality for specific made-to-order products to support furniture and fixtures businesses. The study implemented mixed-methodology to properly identify the various stakeholders' considerations in developing the application. Interviews with key informants were conducted to ensure that the features were appropriate for the intended user needs, and selected ISO standards were used as evaluation criteria. The results indicate that the mobile application with marker-less AR technology was found to be highly acceptable by three evaluators (i.e., customers, owners, and IT experts). The study also highlighted the use of AR-related technology in this case, where marker-less has the potential to improve customer purchasing experience even further. Future studies may include using newer technologies to further improve the application. The study suggests that Augmented Reality technology could be used to connect specific businesses directly to consumers regardless of setting or context.

Development of Augmented Reality Application in Physics through Newton's Laws and Object Interaction

Physics learning is often challenging for students due to its abstract and complex concepts. This research is made to overcome the problem of lack of understanding related to physics learning due to abstract concepts. This research aims to develop and evaluate an Augmented Reality (AR) application that focuses on learning Newton's Law by interacting with 3D objects like balls, cars, and rockets. AR-based technology has been recommended for use in education due to its excellent potential in helping to improve the understanding of the concept of a material to be better. Therefore, this research will develop and evaluate the use of augmented reality in physics learning related to newton's law. This paper uses the ADDIE model method as the basis for developing Augmented Reality applications by involving the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study results show that the developed AR application can help students understand the concept of Newton's Law and increase interest in learning. Student feedback obtained through questionnaires indicated that they rated this application positively regarding ease of use, engagement, and effectiveness in supporting the learning process. The AR application developed in this study improves the quality and effectiveness of physics learning through innovative and interactive technology. Further research could focus on developing additional content and features and exploring the impact of this application on a broader group of students and in different areas of education.

Methodology for the development of augmented reality applications for the elimination of errors in the interpretation of manufacturing drawings

Nowadays, precision machining processes have been widely used in the manufacture of products mainly focused on aerospace, automotive, mold manufacturing and various types of products that demand high production volumes, precision and surface quality. However, these manufacturing processes are not exempt from errors and failures during the machining process. Recent studies found that the main errors are due to the interpretation of the information in the manufacturing drawings due to lack of experience or training of the personnel. This research project aims to eliminate errors due to misinterpretation of information in Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machining processes through the implementation of a methodology to develop Augmented Reality (AR) applications for the interpretation of manufacturing drawings. Its main contribution is to provide virtual support to the operating personnel obtaining multiple benefits such as reducing downtime due to failures in the machining process, ensuring the optimal operation of the machines, avoiding collisions of the tools and ensuring the quality of the products.

Usability of Augmented Reality (AR) Application in ‘Fertigation System’ among Form 1 Students at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Behrang 2020, Perak, Malaysia

The purpose of teaching aid is important to attract students to always be active in the classroom. It is important to focus on educational activities among students such as the usage of teaching aid during the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the usability of augmented reality (AR) application 'Fertigation System' among form 1 students of SMK Behrang 2020 who took Design and Technology subject. The application was developed using the ADDIE model which has five phases including analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The design of the studies used was quantitative method (survey method). The instrument of study used was a questionnaire. In the first phase (Analysis), a questionnaire that was endorsed by experts was distributed to 35 respondents to identify the needs of the AR application development. In this phase, there were 72% of respondents agreed the needs of the AR application development. For the next phases, an AR 'Fertigation System' has been designed and developed. A questionnaire was distributed together with the AR application that has been developed and verified by three experts from different fields (language, education, content). After that, a pilot study was conducted among 50 students of form 1 who took Design and Technology subject at SMK Behrang 2020 as respondents for improvement purposes (Implementation phase). For the final phase (Evaluation), a questionnaire and application of AR 'Fertigation System' which has been verified and improved was distributed to 76 respondents comprising form 1 students who took Design and Technology subject at SMK Behrang 2020. The results of this study showed that 62.72% of the respondents strongly agreed with the usability of the AR application 'Fertigation System'. All data obtained was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) to obtain the average value, percentage, frequency and standard deviation. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the AR application of the 'Fertigation System' that has been developed can be used among form 1 students who took Design and Technology subject at SMK Behrang 2020, Perak.

Selection framework of visualization methods in designing AR industrial task-support systems

An Augmented reality (AR) task-support system incorporates head-mounted displays (HMDs) to improve human performance in maintenance, assembly, and disassembly tasks by intuitively showing the working procedure to the operator. To achieve the intended AR capability and to enable the operator to work efficiently, a system designer must understand the characteristics of AR and design the information to be shown operators for each subtask, taking into account the working situation represented by the procedure, operator performance skills, workspace, devices, and operating objects (i.e., AR information design). Especially, in the AR information design, the designer needs AR expertize to select the suitable visualization method among the many extant methods. This is difficult for designers (manual writers) to perform AR information design in factories in the future. However, at present, only a few studies have been conducted to select the suitable visualization method for each subtask. This study proposes to define 31 subtask types as criteria for decomposing tasks in AR information design. Furthermore, we classify and define 42 visualization methods in terms of AR information design. Finally, to select the suitable visualization method for each subtask, we construct a selection framework consisting of three selection categories representing the working status and 17 selection conditions. The evaluation experiments of the proposed framework could output an average of 4.3 suitable visualization method candidates, including at least one suitable visualization method selected by AR experts in the subtask working situation. By incorporating the proposed framework into a website and combining it with existing HMDs and services for AR application development, it is expected that designers will be able to develop appropriate AR task-support systems.

CAR-Tourist: An Integrity-Preserved Collaborative Augmented Reality Framework-Tourism as a Use-Case

The unprecedented growth in Augmented Reality (AR) has captured the focus of researchers and the industrial sector. The development of AR applications and their implementation in various domains is broadening. One of the advancements in the field of AR is Collaborative AR, which provides ample opportunities for the members of a team to work on a particular project remotely. The various activities carried out remotely, in a collaborative fashion, are based on the active interaction and transmission of data and applications across a communication channel that constitutes a mesh of frequently interacting applications, thus providing a real feeling of working together physically in the purportedly same demographic area. However, in the integration of different roles, remotely working in collaborative AR has a great chance of being intruded upon and manipulated. Consequently, the intrusion may explore novel vulnerabilities to various sensitive collaborative projects. One of the security concerns for collaborative and interconnected remote applications is to have pristine environments, where the participants of the collaborative AR can reliably trust each other during the execution of the various processes. This paper presents an integrity-aware CAR-Tourist (Collaborative Augmented reality for Tourism) framework wherein the unauthorized user’s access is denied and the remote participants of the network are provided with a secure environment through the state-of-the-art Blockchain architecture. This study further provides a use-case implementation of a tourism application. Each tourist has the chance to hire a remote guide for collaborative guidance over a blockchain-trusted network. Moreover, the proposed framework is lightweight, as the only necessary communication between the tourist and guide is recorded in the blockchain network. Each user has to register on a permission blockchain to be allowed to perform certain activities on our proposed CAR-Tourist framework. The decentralized Blockchain approach provides a consensus mechanism based on which not every participant is free to intrude on ongoing communication. Thus, through the proposed framework, all the participants in the collaborative Augmented Reality will have the essential trust of working remotely without external intrusion.

Methodology for the Development of Augmented Reality Applications: MeDARA. Drone Flight Case Study.

Industry 4.0 involves various areas of engineering such as advanced robotics, Internet of Things, simulation, and augmented reality, which are focused on the development of smart factories. The present work presents the design and application of the methodology for the development of augmented reality applications (MeDARA) using a concrete, pictorial, and abstract approach with the intention of promoting the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the students within the conceptual framework of educational mechatronics (EMCF). The flight of a drone is presented as a case study, where the concrete level involves the manipulation of the drone in a simulation; the graphic level requires the elaboration of an experiential storyboard that shows the scenes of the student’s interaction with the drone in the concrete level; and finally, the abstract level involves the planning of user stories and acceptance criteria, the computer design of the drone, the mock-ups of the application, the coding in Unity and Android Studio, and its integration to perform unit and acceptance tests. Finally, evidence of the tests is shown to demonstrate the results of the application of the MeDARA.

Integrating User Stories in the Design of Augmented Reality Application

Agile development methodology has become popular among software developers. Some non-agile developers integrate certain agile and design thinking practices in their development. Among these practices include identifying personas, creating empathy and journey maps and writing user stories. This research adopts the Design Science Research Methodology, focusing on integrating agile and design thinking practices in generating quality user stories in the design of augmented reality (AR) applications. An integrated development process is modelled and applied in an example application, an AR application for student welfare services events. The study goes through the process of eliciting user requirements by identifying user personas, creating empathy maps and customer journeys and writing user stories as part of the discovery stage of the AR application development. The user stories are evaluated by fifteen agile practitioners based on fourteen criteria adapted from Quality User Story Framework. The user stories are scored and assessed to determine the level of quality.

Сучасний стан та перспективи підвищення функціональності доповненої реальності за допомогою нейронних мереж

The dynamics of the development of modern society and the rapid breakthrough of the technological component led to the need to interact with fast-changing and client-oriented information in real time. This need is met through the use of augmented reality technology, which allows users to interact in real time with both the real physical and virtual digital worlds. The rapid digitization of human existence has provoked an exponential increase in the amount of existing data, thereby posing new challenges to the scientific community. At the same time, the technology of deep learning, which is successfully applied in various fields, has a rather large potential. The purpose of this study is to present the potential of combining technologies of augmented reality and deep learning, their mutual improvement and further application in the development of modern highly intelligent programs. The work briefly provides an understanding of the concepts of augmented and mixed reality and also describes the technology of deep learning. Based on the literature review, relevant studies on the development of augmented reality applications and systems using these technologies are presented and analyzed. After discussing how the integration of deep learning into augmented reality increases the quality and efficiency of applications and facilitates the daily life of their users, conclusions and suggestions for future research are provided.

Development of Augmented Reality Application

AutoCAD, SketchUp, Unity, and Vuforia were used to create the augmented reality application. Making the floor plan of each floor of the civil department in AutoCAD and creating a 3d model of the outside and interior using those AutoCAD plans in SketchUp, applying the material to the model, and importing or making the component like door, window, table, board, and so on. Importing the SketchUp model into Unity and verifying that the texture was applied correctly, as well as importing the image target into the vuforia website, which will create a database of the image that can be used as an image target in Unity. Using Cscript, create a first-person perspective character controller and export the project as an application. In Lumion, I'm creating a walkthrough.

An analysis of motivation and situational interest in a location-based augmented reality application

Research has provided evidence that augmented reality (AR) can be an effective tool to improve teaching and learning across multiple domains. Research is limited, however, in several key areas related to AR. For instance, motivation and situational interest are critical to student learning outcomes. However, little is known about the relationship between the two constructs and AR, particularly for AR that leverages location-based triggers. This study addressed this need by analyzing data from participants who used an application that delivers location-based, instructional AR content about the tragic shootings that occurred on May 4th, 1970, at Kent State University. Data findings showed significant decreases in motivation, but significant growth in situational interest and content knowledge. Implications for development of future location-based AR applications are discussed.

Development of Augmented Reality Application for Onsite Inspection of Expressway Structures Using Microsoft HoloLens

This research introduces an augmented reality (AR)-based approach for the onsite inspection of expressway structures by developing an AR application, namely HoloSpector, deployed on the first generation of the Microsoft HoloLens headset. It was tested by a focus group of 10 postgraduate students, followed by three inspectors from the Expressway Authority of Thailand (EXAT), to investigate the practical applicability of the application. A questionnaire was employed as a research tool for measurement and assessment of the application and the HoloLens in this study. The results of this study indicated that the developed digital approach was satisfactory, easy to use and learn, useful, user-friendly and practical for EXAT expressway inspections; the users also intended to use it. Compared to the conventional approach, the current data communication and management could be significantly improved; this digital approach has the potential to help save resources, time and cost and increase work productivity.

Systematic Review of the Development of Spatial Intelligence through Augmented Reality in STEM Knowledge Areas

This study presents a systematic review (SR) of the literature on the use of Augmented Reality (AR) for the development of spatial skills of secondary and higher education students in the teaching of subjects related to the area of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). Numerous researchers have confirmed that students tend to have difficulties in acquiring learning content with a high visual load, which is why AR is being used to improve teaching–learning processes. This paper aims to present information of interest to researchers, teachers and software developers about the advantages and limitations of AR in the development of spatial intelligence, the integration and development of AR applications, as well as the predominant spatial skills and assessment methods. In this regard, an initial search was carried out which returned 242 articles. After reviewing and assessing their eligibility, a total of 17 papers published since 2002 were selected. The findings reveal an increase in the number of investigations over the last few years. Some of the most notable findings are the improvement of spatial skills of students through the inclusion of AR in educational environments, the need for teacher training, the lack of personalization in the applications developed and the scarcity of augmented materials in the form of Open Educational Resources (OER).

Preliminary study of Augmented Reality based manufacturing for further integration of Quality Control 4.0 supported by metrology

Augmented Reality (AR) is a key technology enabling Industry 4.0, which enriches human perspectives by overlaying digital information onto the real world. The maturity of AR technology has grown recently. As processes in the automotive and aeronautic sectors require high quality and near-zero error rates to ensure the safety of end-users, AR can be implemented to facilitate workers with immersive interfaces to enhance productivity, accuracy and autonomy in the quality sector. In order to analyse whether there is a real and growing interest in the use of AR as assisting technology for manufacturing sector in general and quality control in particular, two specific research questions are defined. In addition, two well-known research databases (Scopus, Web of Science) are used for the paper selection phase in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to conduct a preliminary study and evaluate the current development of AR applications in manufacturing sector in order to answer the defined questions. It is found that while the development of AR technology has widely implemented to assign real-time information to several systems and processes in assembly and maintenance sectors, this tendency has only emerged in the quality sector over the last few years. However, AR-based quality control has proved its advantages in improving productivity, accuracy and precision of operators as well as benefits to manufacturing in terms of product and process quality control across different manufacturing phases.

Development of Augmented Reality Applications in Teaching and Learning for topic of Current and Voltage Division for Technical and Vocational Education

The combination of technology Augmented Reality (AR) with educational content aims to create new ideas that can improve the effectiveness and attractiveness of teaching and learning for students in real-life scenarios. The use of AR technology can make theprocess of teaching and learning more enjoyable, in which students' interest in learning can be stimulated. The AR technology has three characteristics. The first feature is that AR technology is a combination of virtual objects with the real world. The second feature is that AR operates in real time and interactively. The last feature is that it has 3 dimensions (3D) for virtual objects. In this study, the ADDIE model includes five phases, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation, which are utilised to develop applications based on AR technology in education for the topic of Current and Voltage Division. To identify the effectiveness of the application of AR technology, a survey using questionnaire was conducted among pre-serviceteachers to know their perceptions of the development of AR applications namely as Voltrent AR. As this is a quantitative study where questionnaires were distributed to 73 students from the class of Bachelor of Technology with Education (Electric and Electronics) with Honours and Bachelor of Technology with Education (Living Skills) with Honours at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Skudai, Johor. Most respondents gave very positive feedback on the use of AR in education, especially for the topic of Current and Voltage Division. AR is viewed as a medium of instruction that is innovative, interesting and effective. Voltrent AR application development is successfully developed based on the ADDIE model, and the application development of the constructivism theory was applied in this AR application. Thus, the AR application development has reached the desired objective of producing application-based Augmented Reality as a teaching aid.

Development of Augmented Reality Application for Exercise to Promote Health among Elderly

This research aimed to: (1) develop and find the effectiveness of augmented reality application for exercise to promote health among elderly, (2) compare physical fitness in terms of flexibility of the elderly before and after exercising by augmented reality application for exercise to promote health among elderly, and (3) study elderly satisfaction towards the use of augmented reality application for exercise. The samples were 30 elderly in Bueng Namrak, Thailand. The samples were selected through a purposive sampling technique. The instruments were augmented reality application for exercise to promote health among elderly, physical fitness test in terms of flexibility, and satisfaction form. The results showed that learning and using augmented reality application for exercise to promote health among elderly was effective according to KW1 80.80 at KW1 80/83.33. The physical fitness in terms of flexibility after using the application was higher than before using the application. The physical fitness in terms of flexibility before using the application was 5.91 in average, with standard deviation of 6.76, whereas the average after using the application was 6.15, with the standard deviation of 6.53. The t-test value after using the application was 2.80 at a statistically significant level of.05. The satisfaction of the elderly towards the use of augmented reality application for exercise to promote health among elderly was 4.64 in average, which was at the highest level.

Development of augmented reality application for introducing tangible cultural heritages at the lampung museum using the multimedia development life cycle

Museum Lampung is one of the largest museums in Lampung Province which has a collection of tangible cultural heritage. If the museum visitors are seeking information about the collections, they will be assisted by museum guides orally. However, the limited number of guides are not enough to serve visitors during the school holidays. Therefore, to help visitors to find information about its cultural heritage collection, Augmented Reality (AR) technology was developed. AR is a technology that can display 3D objects in a real environment. The AR application that will be built is developed with the MDLC approach, where this method is suitable for developing multimedia applications. This research produces an application that can display 3D objects when the user's camera is directed to the collections of Museum Lampung and provides information related to these objects. Based on the test results on aspects of perceived usefulness, convenience, intention, and user friendliness, generally respondents answered "Agree" with a percentage of 83%. This indicates that the application is acceptable to the user.