Development Of Agricultural Insurance Research Articles

Effects of Agricultural Insurance on Water Pollution in China

Water pollution is the most serious environmental problems in China now, water pollution directly affects people's quality of life and the sustainable development of agriculture, and the biggest source of water pollution is agricultural non-point source pollution, so we need to pay more attention to the environmental impact of agricultural production and reduce agricultural non-point source pollution. This paper examines the environmental impact of agricultural insurance on water pollution. Using annual data from 30 provinces across China between 2011 and 2019, this paper employs a two-way fixed-effects model to examine the correlation between agricultural insurance development and agricultural pollutant emissions. Additionally, it takes agricultural carbon emissions and agricultural output value as dependent variables to comprehensively investigate the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural insurance. The research results indicate that the development of agricultural insurance has a significant effect on reducing agricultural water pollution and carbon emissions. The pollutant reduction effect is more significant in the major grain-producing areas. The positive environmental effect of agricultural insurance is based on the fact that the development of agricultural insurance is conducive to reducing the use of pesticides and chemical fertilisers and does not come at the expense of increased agricultural output.

Impacts of policy-related agricultural insurance on farmers’ earnings in China's major grain-producing regions

Policy-related agricultural insurance can diversify farming risks and compensate damaged farmers’ losses. This study examined the impact of policy-related agricultural insurance on farmers’ earnings in China's primary grain-producing regions. The findings indicate that policy-related agricultural insurance significantly improved farmers’ earnings. Agricultural operational scale, technological advancements, and agricultural credit played an intermediary role in policy-related agricultural insurance on farmers’ earnings. This study provides suggestions including increasing support, guiding the modernization and transformation of policy-related agricultural insurance, promoting coordinated development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in order to promote the high-quality development of policy-based agricultural insurance and improve farmers' income.

The Impact of Agricultural Insurance on Urban-Rural Consumption Gap

Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2005 to 2020, this paper analyzes the impact and mechanism of the level of agricultural insurance (AI) coverage on the urban-rural consumption gap (URCG). The study finds: (1) Long-term development of AI can promote the narrowing of URCG. (2) Regional heterogeneity tests reveal that the impact of AI on URCG is particularly significant in eastern regions but weak in central and western regions. (3) From the perspective of intermediary effects, accelerating urbanization (UR) is an important mechanism for AI to narrow URCG and enhance economic quality and efficiency. (4) Based on the threshold effect of fiscal support for agriculture on the level of AI and URCG, it is found that when fiscal support for agriculture is moderate, the development of AI is conducive to narrowing URCG. However, during periods of excessive fiscal support for agriculture, the role of AI in narrowing URCG is not significant. If fiscal support for agriculture continues to increase, the development of AI may even widen the consumption gap between urban and rural areas.

СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЕ СТРАХОВАНИЕ: АНАЛИЗ СОВРЕ-МЕННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В РОССИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ЕГО РАЗ-ВИТИЯ

The article highlights the current trends, features of development of agricultural insurance in the Russian Federation. Undoubtedly, the interest in agricultural in-surance is determined by the desire to minimise risks, which are quite numerous in the field of agricultural production, which is especially characteristic of crop production, why this sector occupies the main share in agricultural insurance. The need to address the topic of trends, status and prospects of agricultural in-surance development is associated with the focus on ensuring food security and the special attention of the state to this issue after the adoption in 2022 of a spe-cial insurance programme for agricultural producers, primarily from the conse-quences of emergencies. The article gives a brief characteristic of the existing con-ditions of development of agricultural insurance in the Russian Federation, pro-vides an assessment of the volume of services, comments on the existing situation within the framework of the issue under consideration.

Discussion on the Current Situation of Agricultural Insurance Development and Countermeasures to the Problems in Yunnan Province

Discussion on the Current Situation of Agricultural Insurance Development and Countermeasures to the Problems in Yunnan Province

ОЦЕНКА РАЗВИТИЯ СТРАХОВАНИЯ ПОСЕВОВ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР В РОССИИ

Overcoming and reducing the influence of negative natural, climatic, geopolitical, and economic factors on the development of Russian agriculture is the main condition for ensuring its food security. In recent years, the development of agricultural insurance has become an important tool for stabilizing the work of agricultural producers. During 2016-2018 the number of insured agricultural producers and the size of sown areas decreased, and since 2019 there has been an increase in indicators: if in 2018 the share of insured sown areas in Russia as a whole was only 1.7%, then in 2022 - 8.6%. In 2016 small forms of farming accounted for only about 15% of the total number of insured agricultural producers to whom subsidies were provided, and in 2022 - already more than 37%. With the increase in the number of insurances and the areas of insured areas, the insured amounts and the amounts accrued also increased significantly insurance premium, including those paid. A positive trend is also the ratio of the paid and accrued insurance premium, which in 2016 was 0.904, then in 2022 – 0.994. Rural producers mainly insure crops of grain and oilseeds, the share of which in the structure of insured areas is 79.3 and 14.9%, respectively. At the same time, the issues of crop insurance are unevenly developed across territorial units of the country: in 2021-2022, the largest amounts of insured areas are in the Southern, Central and Volga Federal Districts, the smallest in the North-Western and Ural Federal Districts. Agricultural insurance indicators are to a certain extent influenced by climatic conditions, in particular, due to unfavorable weather conditions, the largest number of crop insurers in 2021 were in Volga region.

Agricultural insurance and rural revitalization-an empirical analysis based on China's provincial panel data.

Agricultural insurance is a kind of compensation insurance designed to provide protection for the economic losses caused by insured accidents suffered by agricultural producers in agricultural production. Rural revitalization refers to the strategy of improving the level of rural economic, social and cultural development and achieving coordinated and sustainable development of urban and rural development. Agricultural insurance can effectively diversify risks and reduce losses for agricultural producers, which plays an important role in stabilizing farmers' income, helping rural economic development, and promoting rural revitalization. Based on the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization, this paper empirically studies the effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization by using panel data from various provinces in China from 2011 to 2020. In this paper, the TOPSIS entropy weight method, the system generalized method of moments (GMM) and the threshold model are used to calculate the actual development level of rural revitalization in each province of China, the promotion effect of agricultural insurance on the development level of rural revitalization and the promotion of rural revitalization in five dimensions, and whether there is a threshold effect of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization. The empirical results show that: (1) The level of rural revitalization in various provinces in China shows a dynamic trend of "overall slow rise, with obvious differences between provinces." (2) Improving the development level of agricultural insurance can drive the improvement of China's rural revitalization level, and every 1 unit increase in the development level of agricultural insurance will drive the level of China's rural revitalization to increase by 0.1633 units. At the same time, the role of agricultural insurance on social etiquette and civility is not significant, and the role of the remaining four rural revitalization goals is significant. (3) Agricultural insurance has a significant effect on the level of rural revitalization in eastern provinces, but does not play a significant role in rural revitalization in central and western provinces. (4) The role of agricultural insurance on rural revitalization has a double threshold effect. Accordingly, this paper puts forward some suggestions for increasing the capital investment in agricultural insurance, innovating the new mode of agricultural insurance operation, promoting the in-depth development of agricultural insurance according to local conditions, and reasonably adjusting the capital investment of agricultural insurance. Finally, because the data used in this paper do not cover the entire process of rural revitalization and the research is mainly carried out from a macro perspective, there are still some shortcomings in this paper.

Возможные организационноэкономические схемы индексного страхования в сельском хозяйстве России

Agricultural risks, given climate change and the crisis of globalization, are increasingly considered as national security risks. In global practice, insurance has proven to be one of the most successful and sustainable ways to manage agricultural risks. In the Russian Federation, agricultural insurance is also state-supported, which emphasizes the importance of containment of agricultural sector hazards. However, the level of insurance penetration in Russian agriculture is insufficient. Indices in agricultural insurance, i.e. insurance in which insurance payments are made not on the basis of the assessment of damage to the insurance object, but on the basis of the behavior of a special index, are used in many countries around the world. The main idea of index insurance is that there is no need to establish the fact and calculate the amount of loss, which makes it especially demanded for those activities in the real sector of the economy where speed, transparency and simplicity of insurance payments are important, as well as the need to attract additional well-trained employees to carry out the insurance process and claims settlement. Reduced workload due to the absence of the need to calculate the amount of loss reduces the time required to process claims. The procedures of claim settlement in index insurance can be called the most simplified for the client and the least costly for the insurance company, but the advantages and positive features of index insurance do not end there. The authors have investigated and systematized the possibilities of index insurance, for which they also considered the successful experience of a country with similar socio-cultural codes, Mexico, in the field of agricultural index insurance. The article also suggests ways to overcome the difficulties of index insurance implementation in the Russian insurance realities. The positive features of the index insurance identified by the authors can make it a promising alternative to classical (traditional) insurance, including for the further development of agricultural insurance with state support.

The Impact of Agricultural Insurance on Urban–Rural Income Gap: Empirical Evidence from China

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2005 to 2020, this paper analyzes the mechanism and spatial spillover effect of agricultural insurance on the urban–rural income gap using a fixed effect model, an intermediary effect model, and a two-stage least square method. The results show that agricultural insurance has a significant inhibitory effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas. This inhibitory effect is realized through the path of “improving the development level of agricultural insurance-improving agricultural total factor productivity-reducing the income gap between urban and rural areas”, in which the intermediary effect of agricultural total factor productivity accounts for 19.74% of the total effect. At the same time, the income gap between urban and rural areas in China exhibits typical spatial agglomeration characteristics. The western region has always been the region with the largest income gap between urban and rural areas, while the eastern region is the region with the smallest income gap between urban and rural areas. The development of agricultural insurance has had a spatial spillover effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the development of agricultural insurance in neighboring areas expands the income gap between urban and rural areas in this region. In order to prevent the siphon effect, agricultural insurance investment should be increased in the neighboring regions. The results of this paper support the view of the resource flow model. Finally, we put forward some suggestions for the development of agricultural insurance, improvement in agricultural total factor productivity, and the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas.

MODELING THE STRUCTURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, THE AGRARIAN SECTOR AND THE LEVEL OF FOOD SECURITY IN UKRAINE

The article’s goal is to develop the scientific and methodological approach (model) to determine the influence of agricultural insurance on the agrarian sector development as well as the level of food security in Ukraine to implement the appropriate agricultural management decisions.Structural modelling has been chosen as the methodological tool of the article. The process of modelling was performed with the help of structural equations. The Structural Equation Modeling tools in the Statistica 12 program package were used to accomplish this task (Statistics, Advanced linear/nonlinear Models, Structural Equation Modeling).The study found that an increase of 100% in the level of development of agricultural insurance results in a 30.8% increase in the indicators of agricultural production. When the development level of agricultural production increases by 100%, there is a corresponding 45.6% increase in food security. However, if the agricultural insurance development level is increased by 100%, the food security one will be increased by 13.7%. Thus, the hypothesis about the direct influence of agricultural insurance on the development of the agricultural sector and, through it, on the food security of Ukraine is fully confirmed. The authors of the article offer to assess the direction and strength of the relationships between the development levels of agricultural insurance, the agricultural sector and food security by developing a system of single-factor and multifactor regression equations using structural modelling. The impact of the level of agricultural insurance development on the development of the agricultural sector along with the level of food security in Ukraine has been confirmed, and the mechanism of state support for agricultural insurance should consider the results obtained. Simultaneously, the development of agricultural insurance should be implemented on a public-private basis in Ukraine.

Problems of Development of the Agricultural Insurance Market in Ukraine

Insurance is an effective tool for reducing financial risks for agricultural producers. Agricultural insurance allows to ensure a stable income for producers regardless reduce the risk of financial losses in case of negative impact of natural factors. The article explores the issues of agricultural insurance in Ukraine and in foreign countries. The authors analyze various aspects of agricultural insurance, from ensuring the financial stability of farmers to supporting sustainable agricultural development. The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of agricultural insurance in Ukraine and determine the prospects for its development, as well as to compare the experience of other countries with agricultural insurance. The main scientific results of the study are an analysis of the activities and services of Ukrainian insurance companies, a review of the state support program for agricultural insurance in Ukraine, and a comparison of foreign experience in agricultural insurance in countries such as Germany, the United States, Canada, Spain, and Poland. The article uses scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization to study the theoretical and practical aspects of the problem of agricultural insurance in Ukraine and the world. An analysis of foreign experience in this area was also conducted. The article examines the concept of "agri-insurance". A detailed analysis of the activities and services of the Ukrainian insurance companies ASKA, Universalna, Persha Insurance, and UPSK is carried out, and it is concluded that agricultural products are most often insured in Ukraine, and less often machinery and animals. The foreign experience of agricultural insurance in Germany, the USA, Canada, Spain and Poland is studied, their differences are identified, and the goal is to ensure the financial stability of farmers and support sustainable agricultural development, although each country uses different mechanisms to support agricultural insurance. The program of state support for agricultural insurance, which is currently being implemented by the Ukrainian government, is considered. The draft order "On a standardized insurance product for insurance of winter grain crops with state support against agricultural insurance risks for the entire period of cultivation" is analyzed. The study identifies prospects for the development of the Ukrainian agricultural insurance market, including the development of the insurance market, expansion of insurance coverage, use of the latest technologies, and development of new insurance products. The study is original in nature, as the authors consider the issue of agricultural insurance in a comprehensive manner and draw attention to its importance for the sustainable development of agriculture. The results of the study can be applied in decision-making practice for the development of agricultural insurance in Ukraine.

Revisiting preferences for agricultural insurance policies: Insights from cashew crop insurance development in Ghana

The development and uptake of agricultural insurance products by farmers in developing countries has been universally and disappointingly low. This paper investigates farmers’ preferences and willingness to pay for a variety of agricultural insurance products, including indemnity insurance, index insurance, benchmark insurance, and hybrid (indemnity-index) insurance in the Bono and Bono East Regions of Ghana. We employed hybrid latent class and multiple indicators, multiple causes (MIMIC) models using discrete choice experimental data from 383 cashew growers. The results show that cashew farmers are heterogeneous in their preferences, with a majority advocating for agricultural insurance against key perils such as wildfires, high wind speed and excess rainfall. Hybrid (indemnity-index) insurance product is highly preferred and valued by cashew farmers advocating for agricultural insurance, followed by index insurance product. Farmers are quite sensitive to premiums, expected payout, type of perils covered by the insurance and loss assessment criteria. Social and behavioural constructs relating to trust in insurance companies, subjective knowledge about agricultural insurance, and perceived agricultural insurance benefits are significant determinants of farmers’ preferences for agricultural insurance products. The findings imply that it has become very necessary for agricultural insurance product developers, underwriters, and insurers in developing countries to gain more insight on farmers’ social and behavioural constructs related to agricultural risk, insurance knowledge and trust. We suggest that agricultural insurance product developers and policy-makers involved in agricultural insurance development should improve farmers’ understanding of basis risk and the concept of agricultural insurance, as well as the potential benefits of farm insurance. In this way, we can improve the uptake of agricultural insurance products by farmers in developing countries.

Study on the coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit and its regional differences in China

Agricultural insurance and agricultural credit are two important rural financial instruments, which play an important role in promoting rural poverty reduction. Based on the data of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit and its differences in various regions in China by using the coupling coordination model and the static panel model. The results show that the development level of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China is low, and the development level of agricultural credit is higher than that of agricultural insurance. There is a coordinated development relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China, and the coupling and coordination level of the two is constantly improving. The coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit and its regional differences in China are remarkable. This effect is more significant in South China, North China, northwest and Northeast China than in other regions. Based on this, it is suggested to vigorously develop agricultural insurance to improve the coupling and coordination level of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit. Create a good environment for promoting the coordinated development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit. Pay attention to the regional differences of the coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China, and each region should choose its own development model.

The Effect of Agriculture Insurance on Agricultural Carbon Emissions in China: The Mediation Role of Low-Carbon Technology Innovation

Global greenhouse gas emissions are increasing, with carbon dioxide being the most prominent. It is urgent to address and resolve the carbon emissions problem. This study investigates the mediating mechanism of agricultural insurance and low-carbon technology innovation on agricultural carbon emissions. We employed a two-way fixed effect panel model with data from 30 provinces in China from 2001–2019 to validate our hypotheses. The results demonstrate that (1) agricultural insurance can play an effective role in reducing agricultural carbon emissions, and (2) an indirect effect of agricultural insurance development on agricultural carbon emissions through low-carbon technology innovation exists. These results indicate that agricultural insurance could suppress agricultural carbon emissions indirectly through low-carbon technology innovation, thus preventing the acceleration of the greenhouse effect. This study further analyzed regional differences and discovered that the suppression effect of agricultural insurance on agricultural carbon emissions is more significant in the eastern regions and non-main grain-producing areas of China. Therefore, the analysis implies that promoting the development of agricultural insurance to encourage low-carbon technology innovation is crucial to accelerate the process of “carbon peak and neutrality”, especially for the eastern regions and non-main grain-producing areas of China.

Agricultural insurance under martial law: problems of legal regulation and challenges of the future

The article is devoted to the study of the legal framework for insurance of agricultural products, taking into account the specifics of the introduction of martial law in Ukraine, establishing the role of the state in the process of financial support of agricultural insurance entities, as well as identifying potential crisis phenomena that may adversely affect the development of agribusiness in the future. The object composition of legal relations in the field of agricultural insurance has been specified. Has been identified problems of the development of the agricultural sector, directly enshrined in the current legislation, hindering the development of agricultural insurance with the state support. The key role of the restoration of lands that have been polluted, clogged, and damage to the fertile layer as a result of hostilities has been proved, and the thesis on the need to improve the current legislation in the field of agricultural insurance has been proved. The article concludes that the draft law number 8025, which provides for amendments to the Law of Ukraine «On the Features of Insurance of Agricultural Products with State Support», is aimed at introducing insurance of agricultural products and objects of their storage (location) or processing against risks due to military and military operations, therefore, should guarantee compensation for possible losses to agricultural producers in the event of destruction or damage to property due to hostilities. It is argued that land plots, which are the main means of production in agriculture and, in fact, the basic asset in agribusiness, should also be objects of agricultural insurance at the level of agricultural products or crops. It is noted that relations in the field of creating an insurance system and guaranteeing commercial and non-commercial risks when conducting export operations with agricultural products are an independent object of legal regulation, given the role of Ukraine as a world exporter of grain and other types of agricultural products. It has been determined that the prospect of further scientific research is the settlement of the procedure for simplifying the mechanism of state support in the field of agricultural insurance and expanding the range of insured events and the object structure of these legal relations. The methodology for studying the legal problems of agricultural insurance under martial law is based on the provisions of the general scientific dialectical method of cognition. To achieve the goal of the study, formal-legal, formal-logical, scientific methods and the method of scientific forecasting were also applied.

Research on the Relationship between Agricultural Insurance Participation and Chemical Input in Grain Production

As an important agricultural policy, agricultural insurance will affect farmers’ production input, such as fertilizers and pesticides. Its development needs to consider the environmental impact and adapt to the needs of sustainable development. In addition, farmers’ chemical input behavior during the agricultural production process may also affect their agricultural insurance participation behavior. Based on data from a survey of 1318 farmers in the Shandong, Liaoning, Jiangxi, and Sichuan provinces of China, this paper established a simultaneous equations model to explore the interaction between farmers’ agricultural insurance participation behavior and chemical input in the grain production process. The results show a mutual causality between the decision to obtain insurance and chemical input in grain production. Farmers who input fewer chemical fertilizers and more pesticides per mu are more inclined to purchase agricultural insurance. Agricultural insurance participation significantly increases the input of chemical fertilizers and reduces the input of pesticides in the grain-production process. On this basis, the following policy recommendations are proposed: firstly, we should pay attention to the increasing role of agricultural insurance in agricultural sustainable development and further improve the agricultural insurance policy system; secondly, we should innovate and develop “green”-oriented agricultural insurance policies to accelerate the high-quality development of agricultural insurance; third, we should increase publicity and guidance to encourage more farmers to engage in green production.

The coordinated impacts of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion on agricultural output: Evidence from China

The coordinated development of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion is crucial to agricultural production, previous research on the subject is unclear. Based on the data of some provinces in China from 2011 to 2019, the entropy method is used in this paper to construct indexes measuring the development of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion. Their coupling coordination index is calculated, and the basic characteristics of the coupling coordination degree are analyzed. The influence of the coupling coordination degree of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion on agricultural output is empirically analyzed by constructing a regression model. The results show that the coupling coordination degree of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion significantly improves farmers' agricultural output, and the promotion effect is more prominent in eastern China and mountainous areas. And the threshold effect analysis show that there is a nonlinear relationship between the coupling coordination degree of agricultural insurance and digital financial inclusion on agricultural output. The conclusion of this paper provides a theoretical basis and empirical evidence for the coordinated development of rural financial system and agricultural construction.

Development of agricultural insurance in the system of state support of the agricultural market

Development of agricultural insurance in the system of state support of the agricultural market

ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ В АГРОСТРАХОВАНИИ

The development of agricultural insurance currently requires the availability of certain information platforms that will be accessible and understandable to farmers. To date, there is no such tool that would combine all the information about available insurance products in the field of agricultural insurance, capable of taking into account the specific needs and characteristics of each individual agricultural producer. The article substantiates the need for market development agricultural insurance through the introduction of digital technologies that help carry out agricultural insurance and allow simplifying the work of insurance companies within the framework of agricultural insurance. As a result of the study, the advantages and capabilities of the resource service for agricultural insurance were identified, which will allow us to evaluate its prospects in the market and contribute to the development of the agricultural industry.

Trends in the Development of Agricultural Insurance in Ukraine

Trends in the Development of Agricultural Insurance in Ukraine