Development Of Agricultural Activities Research Articles

Management and Development of Paddy Ecosystem Services in Hongthai, Vietnam by Using SWOT Analysis Method

With an increase in the world population, the global demand for tourism development is rising, promoting the increased utilization of natural ecosystem services. The agricultural ecosystem, particularly the rice paddy ecosystem, is paramount in socio-economic and tourism development for developing countries. The aim of this study is to find solutions for management and development of paddy ecosystem services towards sustainable ecotourism development in poor and vulnerable areas in developing countries. This study assessed the management and development of paddy ecosystem services in Hongthai, Vietnam via the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) method. The results indicate that despite the high potentialities of paddy ecosystem services, much more investigation is required for the management and development of these services for tourism development. The intricate and disjoined mountainous topography of Hongthai poses challenges to the establishment of infrastructure networks and economic advancement. This results in elevated travel expenses for tourists, with limited return on investment, thereby impeding Hongthai's ability to compete with tourist destinations in neighboring provinces. The results provide a theoretical and practical basis for the process of evaluating the effectiveness of investment programs and projects for economic and social development and ecotourism activities in Hongthai, Vietnam. Also, the SWOT results recommend and orient local people's agricultural development activities towards improving the efficiency of exploitation of available ecosystem services. The findings of this study may be useful for formulating effective management strategies at different scales.

Analysis of BPP readiness in realizing the Kostratani program

The Strategic Command for Agricultural Development (KOSTRATANI) at BPP is the center of the movement that will determine the success of agricultural development through coordination, synergy, and harmonization of agricultural development activities in the sub-districts. This study aims to analyze the readiness of BPP in realizing the KOSTRATANI program. The research method is quantitative descriptive. Based on the results of the study, the P value <0.05 of each variable with a variable value of <0.05, indicating the validity of the instrument and the reliability test showing that each variable is said to be reliable (reliable) because the respondents’ answers to the questions are consistent or stable. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the readiness of the institution has a ready level, the readiness of human resources has a ready level, information readiness has a ready level, the readiness of information technology infrastructure has a ready level, and the readiness of the external environment has a ready level.

Impact of dairy farms on groundwater quality in a productive basin in the northeast of the Pampean Plain, Argentina

The Pampean Plain is a relevant world food production area where livestock and agricultural activities are developed. The northeast of this region is characterized by dairy production, where large quantities of excreta from the animals to the substrate cause environmental impacts associated with soil and groundwater contamination. On these dairy farms, the same water sources are used for animal nutrition, cleaning of facilities, and home consumption by rural workers. Groundwater quality assessment is therefore crucial to guaranteeing safe production and human supply. The aim of this work is to analyse the impact of family dairy farming on the geochemical processes that govern the groundwater quality of aquifers used for domestic and animal consumption in productive basins of the northeast Pampean Plain. An analysis of major ions, nitrates, and phosphates in groundwater was performed in 42 wells sampled at different periods. Also, sediments in diverse sectors were collected to be analysed for available phosphorus. The main point sources of contamination that were identified derive from farm facilities’ cleaning and the degradation of animal excrement. These sources infiltrate toward the unsaturated zone and reach the groundwater, or they directly enter through poorly constructed perforations. This produces reactions in the unsaturated zone, releasing protons and generating the dissolution of carbonates, increasing the groundwater hardness. The chemical compounds registered may produce limitations in water quality for human consumption and the development of agricultural activities, affecting animal nutrition and the production of a dairy basin in the northeast of the Pampean Plain.

Concept of Agrotourism in the Food Estate Project in Ria-Ria Village, Humbang Hasundutan Regency

Utilization of agricultural potential as a tourist attraction becomes an added value in agricultural businesses today. Agrotourism becomes an alternative for tourists to get recreational experience, knowledge and business relationships in agriculture. For the community this activity can highlight and promote local culture, increase farmers' incomes and preserve natural resources. Ria-Ria village is one of the areas in Humbang Hasundutan Regency chosen by the Government as a food estate area. The area consists of 1000 hectares of land, 215 hectares of which have been planted with 3 types of horticultural plants, namely garlic, onions, and potatoes. But the design of food estate land is still focused on the development of agricultural activities, making the area not ready as an agricultural tourist destination. By socializing to the Ria-Ria Village farming group about the concept of agrotourism by displaying agrotourism references found in several regions, the community has the understanding, awareness and motivation to plan and work on agricultural tourism activities with local potential they have in the food estate area.

Landscape ecological risk assessment and transformation processes in the Guinean-Congolese climate zone in Benin Republic

The landscape of Ramsar site 1018 in Benin Republic is increasingly modified by different types of land use. Understanding these changes dynamics is essential for efficient resource management. The aim of the research is to identify the spatial configuration of landscapes using landscape indices, which are the indicators and guide for agricultural policy. Fragstats 4 software helped for computing landscape metrics. Landsat imagery were analysed using Arcmap 10.7.1 and ENVI 5.3 software. The landscape of the Ramsar site is composed by the natural land (forests, savannahs, swamp formations), semi-natural land (plantations), anthropized land (agriculture lands, built-up area), and water land. These ecosystems have changed according to different trends 1990–2000, 2000–2020 and 1990–2020. The agricultural land showed an increasing trend of 143%, following by the built-up area (37%). From 1990 to 2020, a decreasing of 45% has been observed in the savannah land, plantation land (41%), forest land (30%) and swampy land (17%). Also, the Ramsar site ecological context is at medium level despite the increasing of the landscape Ecological Risk Index: 0.1899, 0.2128, and 0.2165 in 1990, 2000, and 2020, respectively. Between 1990 and 2000, the creation process occurred in the built-up area and agriculture land, attrition within forest and plantation classes, dissection in swampy land, aggregation for savannah and shrinkage in water area. From 2000 to 2020, the agriculture land and swampy land continued to experience the same spatial transformation processes respectively. Dissection has observed within the forest land, attrition in water area, and aggregation for built-up area. The perforation process has observed within plantation, and fragmentation in Savannah. Finally, the development of agricultural activities and built-up areas are leading to change in the spatial structure of the Ramsar site landscape. To better conserve the biodiversity of these area, it will be necessary to characterize the still natural ecosystems. This will make it possible to propose a comprehensive management plan that integrates the agricultural and urbanization policy of the government, and the sustainable development goals.

Monitoring and forecasting of land use/land cover (LULC) in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia based on the integration of the Cellular Automata (CA) and the Cellular Automata-Markov Model (CA-Markov)

ABSTRACT This study sought to integrate the Cellular Automata-Markov Model (CA-Markov) and the Cellular Automata (CA) using sensing data for land cover maps for the years: 1988, 2000, 2013 and 2020 to monitor, detect, and predict the spatial and temporal of Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) change in Al-Hassa Oasis, Saudi Arabia. The maximum likelihood classifier (MLC) method was used as a supervised classification algorithm to super control classification coefficients. Training areas were extracted to classify green and water from Landsat images using The Natural Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) indicators, respectively. The Markov form has been used Cellular Automata (CA)To create a Transition probability Matrix (TPM)), Transition Area Matrix (TAM) and Transition Suitability Maps (TSM), which is the main factor for obtaining to simulate the prediction of the future of land use/land cover in the years 2030 and 2050, while was used Cellular Automata-Markov Model (CA-Markov) To validate and Forecasting LULC. The results showed an expansion in urban areas by 63.5% equivalent to about 105.7 km2, and an increase in agricultural land by 6.6% equivalent to 10.7 km2 despite the loss of about 3.2% of the old agricultural land during the period 2000–2013 AD. Also, the area of marshes and water increased by about 41.7% equivalent to about 8.7 km, which led to the loss of 5.9% or the equivalent of about 139 km2 of arid lands during the past three decades. The projected LULC maps for 2030 and 2050 indicate that these patterns of arid lands that change into built-up areas and agricultural lands will continue over the next thirty years due to urban growth and the development of agricultural activities. The main strength of this study is the use of a relatively long period that allowed us to conduct a very good assessment of LULC in the study area, as well as to predict the different patterns for 2030 and 2050. Moreover, the results obtained in this study provide information to help decision makers to carry out effective practices for future planning and management of urban land growth and land use planning, especially in the Saudi Vision 2030.

Polyethylene glycol functionalized reduced graphene oxide coupled with zinc oxide composite adsorbent for removal of phenolic wastewater

The development of agricultural activities and industrialization recently has various adverse impacts on living organisms. The ever-increasing problem of organic pollution has been an environmental concern to the community. Among these, phenolic pollutants like 2,4–dichlorophenol (2,4–DCP), phenol, 2–chlorophenol (2–CP), and bisphenol–A (BPA) are priority toxic pollutants that are continuously released into environment from many industries. In this work, a biocompatible zinc oxide incorporated polyethylene glycol functionalized reduced graphene oxide composite (RGO-PEG-ZnO) was synthesized and explored for the adsorptive removal of toxic phenolic pollutants from water. The optimized adsorption parameters were solution pH 7, adsorption time 60 min, temperature 25 °C, and dosage 0.25 g/L. The isotherms were well fitted by the Langmuir model for BPA and phenol, whereas for 2–CP, and 2,4–DCP, Freundlich was the best-fitted model, and the maximum uptake of BPA, phenol, 2–CP, and 2,4–DCP were 485.756, 511.248, 531.804, 570.641 mg/g, respectively. The kinetic data for all the phenolic pollutants follow the pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic analysis shows that Gibb's free energy (ΔGo) values for all the pollutants were negative, confirming that the process was spontaneous. The positive values of change in enthalpy (ΔHo) 28.261, 37.205, 46.182, and 61.682 kJ/mol for BPA, phenol, 2–CP, and 2,4–DCP, respectively, confirm that the above adsorption process was endothermic. The composite can be used for up to five cycles with a small reduction in the removal percentage. Adsorption performance of the synthesized composite for synthetic industrial effluents shows that up to 86.54% removal occurred in 45 min adsorption time. Based on the remarkably rapid adsorption and high adsorption capacity, RGO-PEG-ZnO composite can be considered an efficient adsorbent for treating phenolic pollutants from wastewater.

A Geographical Analysis of Migration Pattern in Some Selected Parts of Katsina State

This study examined and analyzed migration pattern in some selected parts of Katsina State with a view of describing the types of people involved and their personal characteristics, investigating the pattern and trends of migration in the area and analyzed the major causes and factors responsible for migration in the area. Even though Katsina state is not one of the Nigerian states with high rural-urban dichotomy. However it is generally characterized by poor social amenities, both in quality and quantity, rural communities are disproportionately more disadvantaged than urban centers due to governmental neglect. Consequently, the number of rural inhabitants that migrate to cities with high hopes of overcoming powerlessness consistent with rural life is unprecedented. Questionnaire was administered to the respondent who were selected based on purposive sampling techniques, followed by focus group discussion. The result of this reveals that the categories of people involved are youth; it discovered that female only migrated as a result of marriage and visitation or other forms of temporary movement, thus most of the motives for the movements are economic in searched of greener pasture. It describes the nature and period of migration of the respondents is seasonal. The geographic pattern of migration in this area is rural-urban migration pattern and the trends are fluctuating toward rural direction with slight increase and decrease and it indicates higher inclination toward urban direction. There is need for government to expand employment opportunities in the rural areas by investing more money in small scale and medium scale labor intensive industries. Also, maximum effort must be geared towards the development of agricultural activities and the rural economy in general. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/13-11-01 Publication date: June 30 th 2022

Improvement of Meteorological Services for Food Security in the Drylands of Nigeria

Well-coordinated efforts are being made in dishing out meteorological services by the NigerianMeteorological Agency to ensure the delivery of timely, accurate and quality weather information for the developmentof agricultural activities in the drylands of Nigeria for sustainable food security. This is through the densification ofthe observations networks, acquisition of the relevant and latest weather instruments and improvement in weatherequipment and training of technical data capturing system, data delivery system, calibration of equipment, installation,routine maintenance of the equipment and training and retraining of staff .This work is aimed at giving an insight tothe efforts being made by NIMET towards the issuance of accurate weather information for agricultural development.The information contained in Seasonal Rainfall Prediction (SRP), 2019 and 2020 is given consideration in this studyespecially as it relates to agriculture for food security in the drylands of Nigeria.

Knowledge level of farmers about agriculture development activities carried out under Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)

Optimum production of agriculture and to feed the growing population, application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has become necessary and this type of agriculture practices allowed growth and sustainability of food grains but at the same time have the negative impact on the environment, soil, animal and human health created many problems for animal kingdom. The existing potential of organic farming was given the priority by the Government to fulfill the future demand for organic produce through organic farming across the country. The Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) is a comprehensive scheme under National Mission of Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA) to promote organic farming through a cluster approach along with Participatory Guarantee System (PGS) of certification. The study was conducted in Jaipur region of Rajasthan purposively. In Jaipur region, three pachayat samitees from each selected district Jaipur and Sikar.and also two Gram panchayats from each selected Panchayat Samiti were selected randomly where, 25 respondents, benefitted under PKVY from each selected Gram Panchayat were selected randomly by making a sample size 300.The knowledge was measured on five point continuum based on experts opinion. The study shown that the majority (46.67%) of farmers (140) had fair knowledge regarding agricultural development activities of PKVY whereas, 115 farmers (38.33%) had excellent knowledge while 32 farmers (10.67%) had good knowledge and 08 (02.67%) had poor knowledge while a few number 05 farmers (01.66%) had less knowledge about agricultural development activities carried out for farmers under PKVY.

An Agent-Based Model-Driven Decision Support System for Assessment of Agricultural Vulnerability of Sugarcane Facing Climatic Change

In recent years, there have been significant changes in weather patterns, mainly caused by sharp increases in temperature, increases in carbon dioxide, and fluctuations in precipitation levels, negatively impacting agricultural production. Agricultural systems are characterized by being vulnerable to the variation of biophysical and socioeconomic factors involved in the development of agricultural activities. Agent-based models (ABMs) enable the study, analysis, and management of ecosystems through their ability to represent networks and their spatial nature. In this research, an ABM is developed to evaluate the behavior and determine the vulnerability in the sugarcane agricultural system; allowing the capitalization of knowledge through characteristics such as social ability and autonomy of the modeled agents through fuzzy logic and system dynamics. The methodology used includes information networks for a dynamic assessment of agricultural risk modeled by time series, system dynamics, uncertain parameters, and experience; which are developed in three stages: vulnerability indicators, crop vulnerability, and total system vulnerability. The development of ABM, a greater impact on the environmental contingency is noted due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the exponential increase in extreme meteorological phenomena threatening the cultivation of sugarcane, making the agricultural sector more vulnerable and reducing the yield of the harvest.

Challenges of groundwater pollution and management in transboundary basins at the African scale

Abstract. We address the significant knowledge gap for groundwater pollution in Africa methods by assessing groundwater pollution risk at the African scale. To do so, we compiled the most recent continental-scale information on soil, land use, geology, hydrogeology, and topography in a Geographical Information System at the resolution of 15 × 15 km and the 1:60 000 000 scale. We produced a vulnerability map by using the generic DRASTIC vulnerability indicator. This map revealed that groundwater is highly vulnerable in Central and West Africa groundwater basins, where the water table is shallow. In addition, very low vulnerability classes are found in the large sedimentary basins of Africa deserts where groundwater is situated in very deep aquifers. The generic groundwater pollution risk map is obtained by overlaying the DRASTIC vulnerability indicator with current land use. The northern, central, and western parts of the African continent are dominated by high vulnerability classes and very strongly related to water table depths and the development of agricultural activities. Given the availability of data, we concentrate first on nitrate vulnerability mapping. To this end, groundwater nitrate contamination data are compiled in literature using meta-analysis technic and used to calibrate as well linear and nonlinear statistical models; the latter performing much better as compared to simple linear statistical models. This study will help to raise awareness of the manager's International Basin Authorities or Transboundary Basin Organizations in Africa and in particular on transboundary groundwater pollution issues.

The dynamics of agricultural crop production development on land cover changes in Tinggimoncong District

Agricultural activities can lead to land cover changes in a watershed region such as in Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Regency that located in the upper stream of the Jeneberang watershed. Gradually, there has been a development in agricultural activities in the area, marked by an increase in agricultural area as well as agricultural production that led to a change in land cover in the region. A descriptive study was conducted with aim to determine the relationship between the development of agricultural activities and the increase in agricultural production with land cover changes in the upstream Jeneberang watershed. This understanding is expected to help create a more environmentally friendly agricultural environment so that it can be more sustainable. This research shows that the development of plantation crops had contributed to land cover change, due to expansion of human activities in agriculture into the forest area, thus the primary forest then turned into secondary forest. The development of agricultural activities was partly attributed to the higher selling price of agricultural products. It makes farmers excited to increase their production, including by expanding the area for planting crops that have high selling value.

Integrated energy-water-land nexus planning in the Colorado River Basin (Argentina)

Integrated energy-water-land (EWL) planning promotes synergies and avoids conflicts in ways that sector-specific planning approaches cannot. Many important decisions that influence emerging EWL nexus issues are implemented at regional (e.g., large river basin, electricity grid) and sub-regional (e.g., small river basin, irrigation district) scales. However, actual implementation of integrated planning at these scales has been limited. Simply collecting and visualizing data and interconnections across multiple sectors and sub-regions in a single modeling platform is a unique endeavor in many regions. This study introduces and applies a novel approach to linking together multiple sub-regions in a single platform to characterize and visualize EWL resource use, EWL system linkages within and among sub-regions, and the EWL nexus implications of future policies and investments. This integrated planning methodology is applied in the water-stressed Colorado River Basin in Argentina, which is facing increasing demands for agricultural and fossil fuel commodities. Guided by stakeholders, this study seeks to inform basin planning activities by characterizing and visualizing (1) the basin’s current state of EWL resources, (2) the linkages between sectors within and among basin sub-regions, and (3) the EWL nexus implications of planned future agricultural development activities. Results show that water scarcity, driven in part by human demands that have historically reached 60% of total surface water supply, poses a substantial constraint to economic development in the basin. The Colorado basin has the potential to serve as a testbed for crafting novel and generalizable sub-regional EWL planning approaches capable of informing the EWL planning dialogue globally.

Variabilité pluviométrique et développement de l’activité agricole dans la région de Kolda (Sénégal)

L’agriculture familiale s’affiche indéniablement comme un pilier de la sécurité alimentaire nationale sénégalaise. Elle représente près de 80 % des exploitations en Afrique sub-saharienne et emploie 75 % des actifs. Elle se caractérise par l’importance des cultures pluviales (96 % des plantes cultivées), témoignant ainsi de sa dépendance à la pluviométrie saisonnière. Or, le climat est sujet à une variabilité interannuelle et certains parlent même de changement climatique. Cette étude analyse la variabilité pluviométrique et permet d’identifier les stratégies d’adaptation mises en œuvre pour tenter de maintenir un niveau de production permettant de satisfaire les besoins alimentaires des populations. L’étude s’appuie sur le traitement de données agro-climatiques, sur des travaux de terrain (enquêtes et entretien) et sur des tests de corrélation (nuage de points et Analyse en Composantes Principales). Les résultats l’ACP révèlent que l’influence de la pluviométrie sur la variation des productions est faible, car le R2 (pluviométrie et rendements agricoles) est inférieur à 0,1. Globalement, l’analyse comparative entre les deux périodes de références (1951-1980 et 1981-2010) révèle un raccourcissement de la durée de la saison des pluies à la station de Kolda. Des stratégies telles que l’adoption de variétés à cycle court, le recalage du calendrier cultural selon le contexte climatique en vigueur ont été identifiées.

Women's Group Farming on Leased Land The Experience of Pradan in Odisha

Women’s groups have emerged as an important platform for promoting the economic, political and social empowerment of poor women. In India, Self Help Groups (SHGs), are becoming substantially involved in agricultural development activities, largely through the National Rural Livelihoods Mission platforms (NRLM) and with the assistance of NGOs. In the tribal areas of Odisha, women farmers’ access to land is low, even though they are closely involved in farming activities. In fact, most tribal women are legally landless, meaning, either they don’t own land or own less than one standard acre (a minimum area required to ensure food production for an average family). Individual forest rights are now being recently formally recognized under the Forest Rights Act, 2006, which requires that both spouses’ names are recorded. The Record of Rights (RoR) maintained by the Revenue Department lacks a column to record the landholder’s gender and does not always record land jointly in the name of wife and husband. As most of the agricultural land titles are maintained in the RoR, women lack recognition as landowners and hence women farmers. Interventions PRADAN, an NGO with considerable experience of working with SHGs and agriculture, used collective farming as a strategy in Rayagada district to augment the livelihoods of tribal women SHG members and also to support their recognition, at least among local actors, as women farmers. Along with a strong institutional support system, PRADAN assisted the women’s groups to lease in private land and also cultivate on government land, with the consent of the village community, supported by robust extension, communication, convergence and market linkages, to significantly increase their farm income. Lessons Group farming can be an alternative production model for women farmers to pool land, labour and capital to create larger farms, improve their agricultural income and also become recognised as women farmers at least by local actors. In the absence of legal sanction and enforceability of the leasing arrangements - which are informal, due to the prevailing legal framework banning agricultural land leasing in Odisha - these groups, however, face the risk of landlords either demanding higher rents after witnessing the increasing profitability of group-farming or preferring to withdraw their land from the lease arrangement due to their fear of losing the land to the SHG through long-term possession, as per existing laws. As most women farmers are landless, lack land records and operate through informal land leasing, they are also not eligible as individual farmers to access formal credit and government entitlements, which affect the profitability of group farming and individual returns, in addition to the pace and inclusivity of agricultural transformation.

Monitoring and Predicting Spatio-Temporal Land Use/Land Cover Changes in Zaria City, Nigeria, through an Integrated Cellular Automata and Markov Chain Model (CA-Markov)

Monitoring land use/land cover (LULC) change dynamics plays a crucial role in formulating strategies and policies for the effective planning and sustainable development of rapidly growing cities. Therefore, this study sought to integrate the cellular automata and Markov chain model using remotely sensed data and geographical information system (GIS) techniques to monitor, map, and detect the spatio-temporal LULC change in Zaria city, Nigeria. Multi-temporal satellite images of 1990, 2005, and 2020 were pre-processed, geo-referenced, and mapped using the supervised maximum likelihood classification to examine the city’s historical land cover (1990–2020). Subsequently, an integrated cellular automata (CA)–Markov model was utilized to model, validate, and simulate the future LULC scenario using the land change modeler (LCM) of IDRISI-TerrSet software. The change detection results revealed an expansion in built-up areas and vegetation of 65.88% and 28.95%, respectively, resulting in barren land losing 63.06% over the last three decades. The predicted LULC maps of 2035 and 2050 indicate that these patterns of barren land changing into built-up areas and vegetation will continue over the next 30 years due to urban growth, reforestation, and development of agricultural activities. These results establish past and future LULC trends and provide crucial data useful for planning and sustainable land use management.

The Use of Water in Agriculture in Mexico and Its Sustainable Management: A Bibliometric Review

The development of agricultural activity in Mexico is generating environmental externalities that could compromise its future. One of the principal challenges facing the Mexican agricultural sector is to find a way to continue growing without jeopardising the availability and quality of its water resources. The objective of this article is to analyse the dynamics of the research on the use of water in agriculture in Mexico and its sustainable management. To do this, a review and a bibliometric analysis have been carried out on a sample of 1490 articles. The results show that the research has focused on the pollution of water bodies, climate change, the quality of water, the application of technology in order to make water use more efficient, biodiversity, erosion, agronomic practices that reduce water consumption, underground water sources, and conservation agriculture. Although research focusing on sustainability is still in its infancy, it has become a priority field. A gap in the research has been detected in terms of the economic and social dimensions of sustainability. There is also a lack of holistic studies that include all three of the pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, and social).

Water Harvesting For Sustainable Development of El-Hraka Basin in the North-western Coast of Egypt

Water resources in the northwest coast of Egypt are very limited in terms of quantity, as they are produced mainly from rainwater in the winter season. Water scarcity is the main impediment to development activities in the region. Prepare Water Harvesting (RWH) is one of the most effective solutions to beat this problem. El-Hraka basin is located in northwest coast of Egypt near Matrouh city between Latitude s31° 13' 23.926 N , 30° 55' 54.439 N and longitudes 27° 25' 45.747 E and 27° 20' 5.097 E. The aim of this study is to assess the potentiality of El Harak basin for water resources management and agricultural development activities. The study aimed also to predict annual peak flow and runoff water volume, as well as the 20, 10, 5, 3, and 2year return periods. Results referred that El-Hraka basin characterized by area of 178.31km2, basin length of 33.70 km, perimeter of 132.8 km, and gentle slope of 0.012 m/m. There are four types of land use/land cover in the study basin: agriculture land, bare land, rocky areas and urban representing 3.45, 92.98, 3.41 and 0.16% of El Hraka basin, respectively. There are two hydrologic soil group of the study basin A and C depending on the soil texture. The Curve Number (CN) of the study basin depending on the land use / land cover and the hydrologic soil groups. Its average values are 73.67 for El-Hraka basin. The annual runoff water volumes are 10583.29 m3. However, the annual infiltration volumes are 8195.01m3. The peak flow of the 20 year return period flash flood is 29.24m3/s for the study basin, while the value for the 10 year return period flash flood is 17.98 m3/s. The peak flow for the 5 year return period reaches 9.50 m3/s for the 3 year return period peak flow is 3.78 m3/s, while the 2 year return period peak flow is 0.75 m3/s. The runoff volume of the 20 year return-period is 2777883.3 m3, while for the 10 year return period is 1713298.9 m3. The Runoff volume for the 5 year return-period reaches 906578.6m3; and for the 3 year return period runoff volume is 359883m3, while the 2 year return period is 69989.4 m3 for the study basin.

An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Sustainable Management of Territorial Resources in Hodh el Chargui, Mauritania

The present study proposes an analytical investigation of the natural resources and social framework of the Hodh el Chargui region (Mauritania), aiming to offer a useful instrument for planning and management to the local authorities. The situation of the region was evaluated by means of a participatory survey carried out among the local inhabitants. The obtained results include a collection of data about population, territorial organization, access to basic education and health services, infrastructure, main economic activities, and natural resources (in terms of water, both surface and groundwater, duration and intensity of rainfalls, soil types, and vegetal resources). The survey outcomes were completed with an integrated approach based on Earth Observation (EO) data supports, such as digital elevation models (DEMs) and Landsat8 imagery. The interdependence among the different data was evaluated and discussed, with regard to the influence of the availability of natural resources on the development of agricultural activities and on the general social welfare. The results are organized in the form of digital maps and a user-friendly webmap platform to facilitate access for all the technical and nontechnical actors involved in the project.