Development Of Russian Regions Research Articles

Russian regions’ formation and the problems of their balanced development under sanctions

This article is devoted to the study of the effective development of Russian regions at a difficult stage of countering sanctions and their balanced development. The purpose of the study is to assess the real state of the Russian regions in five main areas in difficult conditions of re-equipment and reconfiguration of all economic and other processes for import substitution. To develop measures to stimulate the development of Russian regions in five sectors of the economy, a methodology for assessing diagnostics and comparing five sectors of the economy was used. The main indicators reflecting the level of development of Russian regions in various production areas based on their dynamics are determined. The factors that have a positive and negative impact on the effective development of Russian regions in recent years have been identified. The conducted research allowed us to formulate a general conclusion about the need to support industrial production at the state level for the effective development of such production.

Theoretical Foundations of the Modern Multi-Level Model Management of the Process of Innovative Development in the Russian Federation

Relevance. The article is devoted to the research and development of a multi-level model of innovative development of the regions of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the transition to an innovative path of development of the Russian economy in the context of exogenous, global changes, geopolitical instability was especially noted.The purpose is to develop a multi-level model of innovative development, with the allocation of the most promising levels of managerial decision-making.Objectives: analysis of the main levels of the existing multi-level model of innovative development of the territory; identification of key institutional constraints and problems of practical implementation of the current model of innovative development of Russian regions; development of a structural-logical scheme for the formation of a multilevel model of innovative development; highlighting the main elements of the local level of development of innovations at specific enterprises, industries.Methodology. In the course of the work, a wide range of research methods, theoretical concepts in the field of spatial and innovative development of territories were used. The dialectical, systematic and integrated approach became the main ones, which made it possible to consider economic relations in interconnection and development, to comprehensively assess the research problem under consideration.Results. The transition of regional economic systems to an innovative path of development is an important priority for the socio-economic development of the country, while the complexity of implementing innovation policy at different levels (federal, regional, and local) is revealed, and many factors affecting efficiency are identified. and the effectiveness of these processes. In contrast to the prevailing approach, where regions are considered as the main level of innovation, this study proposes to single out the level of agglomerations of municipalities as the most promising and relevant for the transition to an innovative path of development of regional economic systems.Conclusions. The main purpose of introducing the presented model into the practice of managing socioeconomic development is to activate internal reserves by means of using the potential of the designated agglomerations of municipalities. The results of the study indicate that countries with a high level of development of production successfully use a multi-level regulatory system aimed at the transition to an innovative path of development of regional economic systems.

Modeling Tax Incentives for Sustainable Development of Territories

One of the key tasks of the modern development of Russian regions is to change the negative socio-economic trends and ensure the transition to a sustainable development trajectory, including using tax instruments. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of using the synthesis of system-dynamic and agent-based modeling to justify the policy of tax incentives for the sustainable development of the territory. The essence of the research procedure is a comparative analysis of modeling methods in the context of the problems of tax incentives for the sustainable development of the region. The scientific novelty of the results obtained lies in the substantiation of the scientific and methodological approach to the study of the subject area, based on the synthesis of system-dynamic and agent-based methods, which provide for the study of aspects of sustainable development of the region, taking into account feedback, using system dynamics, and the behavior of enterprises operating in it, individually responding to tax incentives — using agent-based tools. Such a synthetic approach will make it possible to better consider the specifics of the sustainable development of the territory, due to both system-wide and behavioral factors.

Stress testing of the development of Russian regions in the context of external economic restrictions

Purpose: is to develop the model for stress testing of the impact of external constraints of Russian regions in the context of foreign economic constraints 2022–2023.Methods: the research is based on the theory of economic dynamics, regional economy and spatial development, the concept of the BANI world; the methodological basis of the study is a scenario approach to the formation of the stress testing model and the algorithm for determining the expected impact based on the machine learning method – the artificial neural network.Results: the study of scientific publications on the research topic, analysis of shock events, post-shock consequences (2006–2022) made it possible to substantiate feasibility of testing and differentiating the response of Russian regions to external constraints, applying the criteria of “shock-resistant” development, classifying economic space and identifying the territory with “shock-resistant” and “non-shockresistant”reactions. The model of regions stress testing has been developed, industrial and sectoral (67.6% importance) and spatial (32.4%) stabilization factors have been identified, areas of vulnerability to the restrictions of 2022-2023 and industrial regions with the potential for “non-shock-resistant” type of reaction have been identified.Conclusions and Relevance: the reaction of regions to external economic shocks (the duration of the decline period and the intensity of recovery growth) is determined by the totality of the production and spatial characteristics of the regions. The results of the study are important for the development of the theory of regional economy; they can be used byfederal and regional executive authorities of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the Irregularity of Regional Development Based on the Asymmetry of the Empirical Distribution of GRP Per Capita of the Russian Federation Regions

Purpose of the study. The implementation of the spatial development strategy of the Russian Federation has led to an increase in scientific and practical interest in the research of interregional differences and the assessment of uneven regional development at all levels of the national economic system. The purpose of this study is to verify the conformity (inconformity) of the empirical distribution of per capita Gross Regional Product (GRP) values of the Russian Federation regions with the normal distribution law to substantiate the specifics of the interregional development of the national economy based on the identification of statistical characteristics of the empirical distribution of GRP per capita.Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, the article developed a methodology for measuring the uneven development of Russian regions by assessing the deviation of the empirical distribution of a sample of per capita GRP data from the normal distribution and determining the degree of asymmetry. The methodological basis was the analytical toolkit of the hypothesis of the normal distribution of the sample set of per capita GRP values for the Russian Federation regions. The article tested the methodology on a statistical sample of data on per capita GRP of the regions of the Russian Federation for 2010-2020; the level of uneven regional development of the economy of the Russian Federation was assessed and the statistical specificity of the revealed uneven development of the regions of the Russian Federation was identified. Identification of statistical outliers in the sample was carried out using the interquartile range method.Results. During the analysis of the sample, statistical outliers were identified. It has been proven that the distribution of per capita GRP of the regions of the Russian Federation is mostly right skewed handed or positively skewed. The observed right-handed orientation of the empirical distribution demonstrated the asymmetry of the distribution of the Russian Federation regions by per capita GRP. The increase in the irregularity of interregional development in the more advanced subjects of the Russian Federation with the per capita GRP index exceeding the average value for the analyzed sample was justified by statistical calculations and the construction of histograms of the empirical distribution of the per capita GRP of the Russian Federation regions.Conclusion. During the analyzed period, the stability of the uneven regional development of the Russian economy is observed. The stability of the positive asymmetry of the empirical distribution means that the basis for the divergence of regional development is the stability of the “club of the majority” of the Russian Federation regions, which form the left tail, and the “club of the minority”, which forms the long right tail of the empirical distribution. The approximation of the Pareto wealth distribution is a good approximation of the profile of the uneven distribution of per capita GRP of the regions of the Russian Federation.

Искусственный интеллект в анализе человеческого капитала как основы экономической безопасности регионов Российской Федерации

At the present stage, which is characterized by new threats and challenges to Russia’s economic security, human capital is of fundamental importance for the innovative development of the country’s economy. From the perspective of innovative development, the dynamics of changes in the number of developed advanced production technologies by type of economic activity (total) in the Russian Federation for the period 2017–2021 is presented. It is shown that there is an increase in the number of advanced production technologies developed, which was not adversely affected by the external conjuncture. In view of the importance of human capital from the point of view of public health, the share of extra-budgetary investment in the development of sports on the scale of the federal districts of the Russian Federation for 2021, as well as the dynamics of the population (3–79 years) engaged in physical culture and sports for the period 2017–2021 is given. According to the author’s approach to the study of human capital development, the regions of Russia were certified using 12 classification features taken from the websites of Rosstat and the Ministry of Sports. The research method was an effective and creative method of cluster analysis based on neural networks — an essential section of artificial intelligence with the use of information technology. The result of neural network modeling was the differentiation of the regions of the Russian Federation into 6 clusters. The architecture of cluster formations is presented, reflecting the detailed entry of Russian regions into clusters. The average values of the considered indicators of human capital development in clusters and their average values in Russia are given. The analysis of the development of human capital in the regions of the Russian Federation through the prism of cluster formations was carried out, which showed its different level of development according to the totality of the studied indicators. Taking into account the systematic approach aimed at balancing and improving the development of human capital in the regions of Russia, the research method using artificial intelligence and the results presented in the work have practical significance. They can be effectively used in strategic planning of the development of Russian regions for the coming periods. This will serve to increase the validity of managerial decision-making in the direction of increasing the quality of human capital as the primary source of improving the economic security of the Russia.

Social inequality as a political and managerial issue in the development of Russian regions. Part 2

This article presents the results of a longitudinal study on the phenomenon of social inequality within the context of studying the domestic governance system, specifically through the assessment of the attitudes of the regional political and administrative groups toward the functioning of established regional governance systems and the evaluation of the accessibility of basic social institutions to the population. During the initial stage of the research, the results of preparing an integrated index of political and administrative activity group were presented, enabling the analysis of excessive social inequality in the regions of Russia. It was found that the developed system of indicators of political and administrative inequality in regions can be considered through the assessments of specially distinguished political and administrative groups. This was confirmed through trial measurements based on multinomial regression analysis. The article presents the final results of the study. Based on the configured empirical index, the evaluation of the functioning of the governance system in regions with different levels of socio-cultural modernisation is measured. These levels either facilitate or hinder: 1) maintaining the quality and accessibility of the region’s basic social institutions, and 2) creating conditions for civic and political activity, involving political and administrative groups in decision-making processes regarding regional development. Based on the research results, it is justified that the system of basic indicators for identifying and measuring social inequality in regions can be analysed through the assessments of specially distinguished political and administrative groups. However, it is crucial to consider the differentiation of regions based on levels of socio-cultural modernisation, as each group of territories exhibits unique types of excessive inequalities, contradictions, and issues. The proposed approach is useful for identifying negative trends that contribute to the activation of mass politics and for assessing the quality of public policy implementation in regions and territorial settlements.

Специфика цифровизации в России и регионах в условиях неопределенности

The purpose of the article is to reveal the specifics of digital development in Russia and its regions in the conditions of increasing uncertainty and to determine the directions of state policy that would ensure improvement in the economic system's stability. The authors use the analysis of theoretical literary sources, analysis and synthesis, systematization, comparative and economic analysis. Research identified three periods of uncertainty. Despite the positive dynamics of digitalization, in the period before the pandemic, the digital development of Russian regions was uneven. The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the intensification of digital development, as well as launched new socio-economic transformations. The study revealed the tendency to increase expenditures on regions’ digitalization during the period of geopolitical tension and determined state policy directions for overcoming the negative impact of geopolitical uncertainty on economic systems. Financial and economic uncertainty has not become an obstacle to the development of a digital society. On the contrary, the expansion of digital infrastructure and social progress created conditions for its intensification.

О целесообразности использования Индекса экологической эффективности для оценки уровня социально-экологического развития российских регионов

Introduction: Investment decisions by many private and institutional investors are made taking into account the information (current estimates, forecasts, trends) contained in various country ratings regularly published by leading international financial and regulatory organizations (IMF, IBRD, UN), which allows investors to assess the level of risk and return on investment in various projects in these countries. The article evaluates the Environmental Performance Index (EPI), the most common in international studies, from the point of view of its use as a comprehensive tool for comparative analysis and an indicator for assessing the success of achieving the goals of sustainable social and environmental development of Russian regions. Purpose: Analysis of the feasibility of using EPI and its individual elements as part of an integrated approach to assessing the effectiveness of social and environmental development of Russia and its regions. Results: The authors reviewed the transformation of the methodology for calculating EPI over the entire period of its compilation; analyzed the dynamics of indicators, directions and blocks that make up the Index; assessed their adequacy to the geographical and sectoral features of social and environmental development. Conclusions: An extremely high level of politicization of the Index and inconsistency of its calculation methodology with the real conditions of Russia’s economic development were revealed. The inexpediency of its use in the present conditions to assess the social and environmental development of Russian regions, to build a rating of their sustainable development, to develop criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of environmental programs and projects, including in the field of green and environmental investments, was proved.

Comparative analysis of approaches to compiling the ESG rating of regions in the context of achieving the sustainable development goals

Subject. The article addresses the efficiency of public administration. Objectives. The study aim to systematize factors of sustainable development, design tools for comprehensive assessment of socio-economic and environmental indicators of regions. Methods. The study employs methods of statistical analysis. Results. I propose a methodology for compiling a rating of regions based on "polar indices". A large number of used indicators increases the validity and reliability of the rating. Conclusions. The offered approach will enable to assess the sustainable development of Russian regions in dynamics.

Finance and growth nexus in Russia: Does the SMEs channel matter?

The paper presents the results of an analysis of the relationship between financial and economic development In Russian regions. The authors focus on one of the transmission channels of this relationship — the channel of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The issue of the SMEs’ dependence on the access to credit in the literature is generally considered separately from the issue of the impact of small business on economic dynamics. In this study, both issues are combined in one chain of the theoretical analysis and are examined with the help of an econometric model using credit depth measures as instrumental variables. To track the SMEs’ development, three variables were defined to characterize the size of the SME sector, the share of SMEs in the structure of the private sector, and the operational efficiency of small enterprises. Our data refer to the subjects of RF and cover the period from 2008 to 2019. The results confirm the Russian SMEs sector’s ability to act as a transmission channel from financial deepening to output growth. The most reliable variables are those characterizing the size of the SMEs sector in the region and the revenue of small firms per employee. Our findings support the conclusions made in a large number of works that provide evidence of the crucial importance of the conditions for access to external finance to raise the SMEs’ performance. The results we obtained also confirm that it would be reasonable to put special emphasis on overcoming obstacles in the access of SMEs to external financing when they take initiatives to develop SMEs in the regions.

Comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of social security regional financial models in Russia based on the DEA method

The problems of financial regulation of poverty and income inequality in Russia are widely discussed in the scientific literature. One of the important aspects in this area is efficiency assessment, which should be the basis for developing solutions that contribute to the growth of the Russian population welfare. This article develops a comprehensive methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the system of state financial regulation of poverty and income inequality In Russian regions on the basis of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and regression analysis. The information base contains the indicators of socioeconomic development of Russian regions for the period from 2017 to 2021. The analysis algorithm of the technical efficiency of budget expenditures on social policy has been developed and tested. The research novelty is the application of the DEA method taking into account the theory of regulation of income inequality by F. Bourguignon. The paper provides a comprehensive assessment of the regions’ efficiency and identifies the determinants of the efficiency indicators: the size of the regional economy and the level of income per capita; the share of poor citizens in the region; indicators of regional demographic development (fertility, mortality), etc.

Methodology for assessing the efficiency of public financing of national projects on the basis of cluster analysis

Subject. Increased external challenges and threats slow down the growth rate of gross domestic product as a basic source of financial resources for the development of the State. The key to improving the living standards is to enhance the mechanism of capital redistribution within national projects implementation, given the need for balance and existing imbalances in the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of State financing of national projects, based on cluster analysis as a modern tool to identifying groups of regions according to specified variables, which include targets and financial indicators for national projects implementation. Methods. We applied methods of cluster analysis and mathematical statistics, to form groups of Russian regions with different levels of socio-economic efficiency and financial risks of national projects execution. To divide regions into clusters, considering their internal homogeneity and external heterogeneity, we developed indices of centralization of financing and achievement of targets of national projects, which were used as variables. Results. The offered methodology contributes to the development of scientific approaches to financial analysis and forecasting in the field of socio-economic development of Russian regions and the country as a whole. Its practical implementation enables to assess the likelihood of successful implementation of national projects in Russian regions and shape a flexible State policy for financing national projects. Conclusions. The study confirmed prospects for using cluster analysis to assess the effectiveness of State financing of national projects and established that the amount of financing of national projects is not a determining factor in the effectiveness of their implementation.

Forecasting the dynamics of indicators of economic development of Russian regions, taking into account the level of balance of innovation processes

Aim. Development of scenario forecasts of the dynamics of indicators of regional development, taking into account the level of balance of innovation processes. Tasks. To determine the factors of balanced economic and innovation development of the regions; to form a matrix of balanced innovation development; to work out a methodology for calculat­ing the integral index of balanced innovation development of the regions; to analyze the dynam­ics of the index of balanced innovation development of the signal regions of the Volga Federal District (VFD); to prepare scenario forecasts of the index of balanced innovation development of the signal regions of VFD. Methods. The author used general scientific and special research methods, taking into account their cognitive potential. The latter include correlation and regression, discriminant and clus­ter types of analysis, content analysis, graphic representation, as well as methods of individu­al and collective expert evaluations. SPSS Statistics software product was used during statisti­cal data processing. Results. The proposed methodology for calculating the index of balanced innovation development is based on the use of ideas about the internal factors of balance, which include the compliance of economic systems with the signs of stability and equilibrium, as well as the proportionality of changes in its elements. Conclusions. The methodology substantiated by the author complements the analytical tools for studying the patterns of innovation development by including the indicators of the level of balance and their impact on the dynamics of economic indicators. The obtained conclusions can be used to refine the forecasts of indicators of economic development of the regions, taking into account the state of innovation processes.

State and Legal Policy in the Field of Scientifi c, Technological and Innovative Development in Russian Regions: Problems and Prospects of Practical Implementation

The article considers the issue of formation and implementation in the subjects of the Russian Federation of state-legal policy in the fi eld of scientifi c and technological (innovative) development. There is a need for systematic and consistent activity of the authorities in the fi eld of optimization of the innovation climate in the regions. The methodological foundations of the study of the problem of innovation economy management at the regional level are revealed. The role of the project method of implementing management tasks in the fi eld of scientifi c and technological development of the subjects of the Russian Federation is evaluated. The problems of practical implementation of the goals and objectives laid down in the projects and programs of innovative development of Russia are identifi ed. The regulatory framework for the implementation of measures for the innovative development of Russian regions is characterized. Some recommendations aimed at improving and increasing the effectiveness of state legal policy in the fi eld of scientifi c, technological and innovative development in the Russian regions are proposed.

Аналитический инструментарий оценки инклюзивного развития региона

The study formulated a methodology for assessing the sustainable balanced inclusive growth of regional systems, adapted to analyze the development of Russian regions. The methodology is based on the analysis of a system of indicators classified according to the following criteria: 1) economic indicators characterizing the stability of the system, environmental indicators responsible for balance, and social indicators revealing the inclusive development of regions; 2) outcome indicators, indicators of development conditions, and indicators of efficiency or effectiveness of regional development. The indicators are based on the analysis of statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, developed within the framework of the national set of indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which ensures independence and improves the objectivity of the assessment. The system of indicators is grouped into a matrix in which nine blocks are allocated. Based on the matrix, private indices characterizing one of the analyzed aspects of regional development and an aggregated index of sustainable balanced inclusive growth of the region are calculated. The proposed methodology was tested for the Volgograd region, for which the index of sustainable balanced inclusive development of the Volgograd region was calculated. The authors believe that the developed analytical tools will make it possible to more objectively take into account the regional specifics of sustainable balanced inclusive development when developing, monitoring, and evaluating regional strategic plans and programs.

Инновационная активность российских регионов: проблемы и пути решения

The article is devoted to the issue of innovative development of Russian regions. The place of Russia in the global ranking in terms of innovation is shown. The problem of interregional inequality in the level of innovative development is identified and the factors that negatively affect the demand for innovation in the regions of Russia are identified. Some measures to reduce interregional inequality in the field of innovation are proposed.

Interregional Differentiation and Heterogeneity of the Consequences of Pandemic Restrictions in Russia

The purpose of the study is to analyze the features of the economic development of Russian regions under the influence of various socio-economic factors and the differentiation of region groups depending on the implementation of state regulation of economic activity measures in them during the pandemic period. The analysis was carried out using statistical methods (primarily methods of statistical groupings and correlation-regression analysis). The conceptual and methodological principles for assessing changes in economic activity in Russian regions after the introduction of restrictive measures of different levels of severity are outlined based on the study of Russian and foreign scientific publications on the issues under consideration. A regression model uses to identify the influence of the studied factors. To identify the impact of the studied factors, the authors built a regression model that included the following statistical indicators: index of industrial production, unemployment rate, share of the urban population, share of the region's gross value added (GVA), number of small and medium-sized enterprises (excluding micro-enterprises) per 10,000 population, share of the region in the production of all Russian mining enterprises, region openness coefficient, average per capita monetary income of the population, poverty level. The final part of the article presents the results of the study indicating that pandemic restrictions, depending on the degree of their severity, had a different impact on the economy of the regions. The authors emphasize the heterogeneity of changes in the factors determining the economic activity of regions under the influence of restrictive measures on the part of governments, particularly regional authorities.

The impact of the tourism industry on the socio-economic development of Russian regions

The impact of the tourism industry on the socio-economic development of Russian regions

Classification of risks in the risk management system of innovative development of Russian regions

The relevance of this study is due to the fact that risk management is a task assigned to each region of the Russian Federation, which is of particular importance in modern conditions. On the one hand, this is due to the requirements of the global market, where innovation is a recognized tool for improving competitiveness, solving socio-economic problems of society. On the other hand, this is necessary due to the increasing distortions of key indicators of regional innovative development of the country, which requires taking measures to preserve the sustainable development of highly innovative territories and the intensification of laggards, taking into account the sectoral and other specifics of their functioning. The subject of the study is the mechanism of risk management based on the identification and classification of risks and opportunities of the eastern regions of Russia in ensuring effective innovative development. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors present the key directions for improving the risk management mechanism of the innovation space of the regions of Russia, taking into account the differentiation of the regional economic space in the direction of establishing a high-quality and sustainable system of interaction between objects and subjects of the innovation space based on the identified priorities. Due to the fact that risk management of innovative development has been the object of research in domestic dissertations for more than 25 years, the question arose: what risks were identified, and recommendations for their solution were offered by the authors during this period ? How much has the set of analyzed risks and challenges changed (and has it changed) ? How has the content of the approaches and methods of risk management proposed for the activation of innovative development changed ? To answer these questions, more than 60 doctoral dissertations, defended over the past 25 years, devoted to risk management of innovative processes in the regions, were analyzed.