Development Of Automotive Industry Research Articles

Аутсорсинг в цепочках создания стоимости в автомобильной промышленности Китая

Outsourcing plays an important role in the development of the Chinese automotive industry. The transfer of individual business processes to outsourcing allows you to expand the scale of production and ensure its modernization without a significant increase in costs. However, outsourcing not only improves production efficiency but also contributes to the sustainability of the automotive industry. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of outsourcing in various parts of the value chain of the automotive industry on the sustainability of its development. In addition to the traditional approach that defines three components of sustainable development (economic, social, and environmental), in this study we also analyze the technological one, which characterizes the possibilities of using innovative technologies to achieve sustainable development goals. SWOT analysis was used as a research tool. As a result of the study, the opportunities and risks of outsourcing in various parts of the value chain in the automotive industry were identified. The characteristics of environmental factors are given in terms of how they contribute to the development of outsourcing in the automotive industry. It is concluded that outsourcing in the automotive industry contributes not only to the development of the Chinese economy but also to those countries in which outsourcing work is carried out.

Lignocellulosic Biomass to Automotive Manufacturing: The Adoption of Bio-Based Materials and Bio-Fuels

Review Lignocellulosic Biomass to Automotive Manufacturing: The Adoption of Bio-Based Materials and Bio-Fuels Zhiping Zhang, Yinggang Jiao, Yameng Li, Huan Zhang, Quanguo Zhang, and Bing Hu * Henan Agricultural University, Henan International Joint Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Nanomaterials, Zhengzhou 450002, PR China * Correspondence: hubing535@163.com Received: 20 July 2023 Accepted: 21 September 2023 Published: 26 September 2023 Abstract: In order to meet the demand of automobile lightweight and reduce the automotive industry's dependence on non-renewable energy sources such as petroleum, the utilization of bio-based materials and bio-fuels has become a key link to realize the sustainable development of automotive manufacturing industry. Moreover, along with the coming of the era of Carbon Neutral, the evolution of automotive manufacturing has begun. Hence, in the paper, the alternative solutions of the body materials, related component, and vehicle fuel in which bio-products can be introduced into were reviewed. The types and preparation methods for bio-based materials and bio-fuels were mentioned, especially the discussion of bio-hydrogen production and its application in the automotive industry. The summary of the correlation between biomass and automobile manufacturing industry in this article has certain guiding significance for the energy industry, automobile manufacturing industry and biomass energy utilization field.

China's automotive industry: 70 years of sustainable development

Introduction (problem statement and relevance). Rapid growth of vehicle production volume has brought the automotive industry of China to the first place in the world. The vehicle production volumes account for about 27 million pieces per year. The paper addresses the history of development of the automotive industry in China. It presents factors that have caused sudden innovative development, creation of research and development basis and increase of vehicle production in the country. The paper also reviews the prospects for development of the automotive industry. Measures for development of the automotive industry within the planning and management system taken by the Government of the People's Republic of China could serve as a good example for our country for implementation of measures to reduce dependence on unfriendly countries in order to ensure its further development.The purpose of the study is to analyze approaches and cause-and-effect relations of the Chinese economy development by the example of a specific industry – the automotive industry.Methodology and research methods. This study uses analytical methods for assessment of management solutions and provides results of automotive industry development in a specific country.Scientific novelty and results. The policies and actions by the Government of China have been examined regarding automotive industry development, as well as management solutions underlying its development and proven by practical implementation of successful projects.Practical significance. By the example of China, the possibilities of implementation of import substitution programs, improvement of sanctions stability, overcoming a crisis and dependence of domestic automotive industry on foreign companies from unfriendly countries have been considered.

Proposal of a maturity model for additive manufacturing: theoretical development and case study in automotive industry

ABSTRACT Currently, organizations in the manufacturing sector are exposed to high levels of competition and constant changes in consumer requirements. To survive in an increasingly competitive environment, it is essential to adopt new technologies to ensure success in a sector that is currently going through the fourth industrial revolution, associated with Industry 4.0 (I4.0). Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of I4.0’s technologies, which can produce products layer by layer, playing a key role in the innovation of business models. In this manner, organizations must integrate AM starting by understanding their maturity level, which allows them to reflect on weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities for improvement. However, literature is currently lacking maturity models for AM. This paper proposes a maturity model for AM, which aims to help organizations in the manufacturing sector in determining their maturity level regarding the implementation of the AM. The model developed was validated theoretically. Also, a case study was conducted on an automaker, where it was possible to conclude that, despite the analyzed company has a high level of maturity regarding the technological deployment of AM, an AM’s strategy definition is presently missing.

Chip morphology and tool wear investigation in high-speed machining of AZ61 magnesium alloys using vegetable-oil based cutting fluid

ABSTRACT Lightweight alloys play a vital role in the development of automotive, biomedical and aerospace industries as well as other industrial sectors. The current study investigates the machinability of AZ61 magnesium alloy within a vegetable-oil-based MQL environment through high-speed orthogonal cutting. A tool wear and chip morphology examination are conducted along a full factorial experimentation to allow for adequate machinability testing. The usage of Grey Relational Analysis was invoked to allow for a multi-variant optimisation of input parameters such as MQL flow rate, cutting speed, and feed based on output responses, such as chip compression ratio, chip segmentation ratio, tool-chip contact length, and shear angle as well as tool wear evolution. Through the analysis of the formulated signal-to-noise data, it was found that the optimal cutting parameters were an MQL flow rate of 80 ml/h, cutting speed of 250 m/min and feed of 0.3 mm/rev. The optimal cutting conditions resulted in a Grey Relational Grade improvement of 0.177 as compared to the referenced experimental trail. The analysis of variance further concluded that the feed was the highest contributing input parameter at 38.04% followed by the MQL flow rate and the cutting speed.

SUSTAINABLE AND RESILIENT SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN A VUCA-WORLD: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY TO DEVELOP A PROCESS ORIENTATED METHOD OF RISK AND TECHNICAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

AbstractRevolutionary changes of a VUCA-world are effecting more and more industries. Focusing the automotive industry, this is caused by several new trends in technology or market. This situation is requiring high flexibility and is questioning for sustainability as well as resilience in system development projects. This publication represents results out of a survey, part of a wider research. The objective is the development of a process orientated method for risk and technical change management. The survey is conducted by participants of transdisciplinary system development in automotive industry. Topics questioned are VUCA, complexity, (re-)action, quality and module interfaces of Generic Systems Engineering. The results demonstrate the participants’ experience and demands for sustainable and resilient system development projects. In conclusion, this report provides information on the considering elements to develop a process orientated method for risk and technical change management in automotive industry.

Carbon quota allocation modeling framework in the automotive industry based on repeated game theory: A case study of ten Chinese automotive enterprises

Carbon quota management system is a long-term effective mechanism to promote the sustainable development of automotive industry. However, issues such as the total amount and allocation mechanism of carbon quotas hinder countries' implementation of carbon quota policies in the automotive industry. To address these issues, this study uses the GREET model and system dynamics model to predict carbon emissions in the automotive industry and sets the total carbon quota for China's automotive industry. Furthermore, based on the ZSG-DEA model and Gini coefficient model, this study applies repeated game theory to propose a carbon quota allocation modeling framework for the automotive industry. The results show that the proposed allocation modeling framework achieves a balance between equity and efficiency while taking into account the interests of both the government and enterprises, and achieves an equitable allocation of carbon quotas among 10 representative automotive enterprises. This study can provide reference for the design of carbon quota management system in the automobile industry.

Financial Report Analysis of BYD Corporation

Financial reporting analysis is a comprehensive evaluation of accounting information holistically and systematically using a company's balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. It can provide effective decisions for those involved in financial reporting. The purpose of the financial analysis is to improve financial management, as well as to provide relevant financial information for optimal financial decisions. With the rapid progress of technology, the future of new energy vehicles is bright. New energy vehicles are the main direction of the transformation and development of the global automotive industry, and an important engine to promote the sustained growth of the world economy. As the world's leading manufacturer and service provider of new energy vehicles, BYD has an impressive growth prospect. In this paper, we analyze BYD Corporation's financial statement data from 2019 to 2022 and take BYD Corporation as an example. We also analyze the company's financial indicators in four aspects: operating capacity, solvency, profitability, and development capacity. We conclude with a few suggestions for improving the business financial situation of the company.

Industrial Internet of Things and Big Data Techniques for the Smart Press Shop 4.0 Development in Automotive Industry

In recent years, one of the main challenges in industry has been to obtain work parameters in real time for later analysis to understand the process better. The purpose is to obtain substantial information about the process for better decision-making and to find out what happens during manufacturing to know both the state of the equipment and the product, looking for savings in maintenance costs and quality controls among others. This has not been an exception for the automotive industry. These challenges have been associated with the concept of Industry 4.0, specifically with Big Data and IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things) techniques. Following this concept, many of the companies and research teams develop their algorithms and ideas based on the installation of new sensors without taking into account the implications that this proposal has in real factories. The cost of the sensor, the installation setup, maintenance, machine modifications and replication for hundreds of machines make many of the ideas fail when innovation is implemented in the companies. For that reason, in our previous work we have introduced a novel concept in Industry 4.0, the development of algorithms by using exclusively the information that is available in the equipment. Machines, as well as presses and general automated systems, include sensors for their automated normal production. These sensors are installed and the information they provide is almost free. Following this philosophy, the present paper proposes the Criterion-360 for real press shops. With this criterion, it is possible to measure a lot of variables with no cost, not only the tonnage, but also, many variables such as the press speed, Counterbalance and overload pressure, Cushion Pressure & Position, lubrication, etc., and therefore with this amount of information many possibilities arise. As the new developed system does not need new sensors and additional installation setup, it is easy and cheap to replicate it in other presses and plants.This article presents two tools that have been developed from the information obtained with this criterion, these tools are currently in operation and have been used to modify work processes and get the press to work in optimal conditions.

Aided Imaging Phase Measuring Deflectometry Based on Concave Focusing Mirror

With the rapid development of aerospace, high-speed train, and automotive industries, the demand for the measurement of high-precision specular components is increasing. The acquisition of high-precision three-dimensional (3D) data is conducive to improving the performance of and extending the service life of these components. However, the existing 3D measurement methods of specular surfaces are affected by the inherent limitation of the depth of field (DOF) of camera lenses. Based on the principle of paraxial reflection imaging of a concave mirror, this paper introduces a concave mirror into a phase measuring deflectometry (PMD) system and proposes an aided imaging PMD (AIPMD) based on a concave focusing mirror. The proposed system realizes the clear imaging of the encoded patterns and the surface under test in the DOF of the camera lens, simultaneously. Meanwhile, the iterative coefficient specular reconstruction algorithm is studied based on this system. The feasibility and accuracy of the proposed method are verified by simulations and experiments.

The straight-line stability analysis of the vehicle with the electronic stability control

BACKGROUND: At present time, branches of industry have been increasingly filled with electronics, capable of controlling different processes in order to achieve demanded paremeters values. Automotive industry, safety issues of which such as vehicle stability and handling are paid much attention, have not become an exclusion. Vehicle safety improvement is one of the areas of development of modern auto-motive industry. Manufacturers permanentally increase the number of control systems and raise the level of control on wheeled vehicle motion parameters in order to achieve the highest possible level of stability and handling. Using of various all-wheel-drive systems becomes more relevant and reasonable. Traction force distribution between all wheels improves dynamic performance indicators, makes cross-country ability better in similar road conditions and allows using algorithms, improving handling and course-keeping ability of a vehicle.
 AIMS: Determination of variation range of the control parameter in order to ensure stable straight-line motion of a vehicle with controlled transmission.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The two-axled vehicle, which transmission has an ability of torque distribution between front and rear axles, is considered in the article. The system of diiferential equations in terms of middle wheels side slip angles was made up in the study. The LinardChipart algebraic cri-terion was used to define variation ranges of the control parameter in order to ensure stable straight-line motion of the vehicle.
 RESULTS: The obtained variation ranges of the control parameter are included in the adjustment range of modern torque distribution mechanisms, consequently, it is possible to speak about ability to ensure stability of straight-line motion of a full-wheel-driven vehicle with currently existing mechanisms. The scientific novelty of the study lies in analytical determination of variation range of the control parameter for the case of straight-line motion of a vehicle equipped with the electronic stability control.
 CONCLUSIONS: Practical value of the study lies in establishment of ability to ensure stability of straight-line motion of a full-wheel-driven vehicle with currently existing mechanisms.

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯМИ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ: ОПЫТ РАЗВИТИЯ ГРУППЫ КОМПАНИЙ BMW И ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ ПО ЕГО АДАПТАЦИИ В РОССИИ

The article addresses the issue of the peculiarities of management and development of BMW group of companies, its strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats and also development prospects. The factors that can affect the successful functioning of the BMW Group of Companies are given. The main tendencies in the automotive industry development in the world and the role of BMW in the ongoing changes are considered. According to the analyzed experience of BMW group, the authors give recommendations for improving the efficiency of management in local automotive companies and automotive industry in general.

Origins and Development of Japanese Automotive Industry in 1920-1945, the Case of Toyota Motor Company

The paper addresses the issue of Japanese automotive industry development focusing the case of Toyota Motor Company. The historical background effected the emergence of national automakers is described. The main internal and external factors (industrial policy, socio-economic problems, Chino-Japanese and Pacific Wars and etc.) that have influenced the process of establishing of the Japanese automobile industry. The author points out the role of Toyoda Kiichiro, the founder of Toyota Motor Company, who defined the unique approach to company development and managed to adapt its operations to dramatically changing circumstances of wartime economy. The two main periods of company evolution are revealed. The first period characterizes the performance of Toyota as a structural division of Toyoda Automatic Loom Company emphasizing the design of passenger automobile. The second period illustrates the activities of an independent automotive company fully incorporated into a war-oriented economy. It concludes that, state policy towards automotive industry created the favorable environment for national companies.

Role of digitalization of logistics outsourcing in sustainable development of automotive industry in China

Relevance. Digital technologies can bring regional logistics outsourcing in the automotive industry to a new level of performance. However, the digitalization of logistics outsourcing and its role in improving the sustainability of the automotive industry are poorly understood. Research objective. To develop the conceptual framework of the digital ecosystem of regional logistics outsourcing in the automotive industry. The object of the study is the automotive industry in China. Data and methods. Prospects for the digitalization of regional logistics outsourcing of the automotive industry and its impact on the sustainability of the industry are considered in terms of the economics of transaction costs and a resource-based approach. The data sources involved the national policy documents reflecting the strategic directions of digital development of China, statistical data provided by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, as well as research papers presented in the Scopus database. Results. The authors analyzed the trends of digital transformations in the geographic clusters of production of the automotive industry in China. The digitalization of regional logistics outsourcing was determined to influence the sustainability of the automotive industry development in the context of its economic, social, environmental and technological components. The logistics ecosystem model developed by Capgemini was supplemented by the conceptual framework of the digital logistics outsourcing ecosystem for the Chinese automotive industry. The key components of this framework were determined. Conclusions. It can be concluded that digitalization of regional logistics outsourcing will contribute to increasing the sustainability of the automotive industry. However, this requires the formation of a digital landscape of logistics outsourcing, which involves changes in the entire supply chain management system. The results of the study can be used to improve the efficiency of supply chain management in the automotive industry.

The Role of Public Policies in the Development of the Brazilian Automotive Industry

Since the 1950s, the Brazilian automotive sector has been supported by different public policies. Despite the importance of the industry, there are no recent studies that analyze how the different public policies have shaped the progress of this sector since the beginning of the public policy phases. This paper evaluates how public policies contributed to the development of the Brazilian automotive sector. To capture those impacts, it is necessary to develop a methodological approach supported by a systematic review of the literature and research specific indicators that will allow measuring the results. The results indicate that each of the public policies contributed different mechanisms for the redefinition of local strategies for the development of products, investments in technologies and innovation, and the installation of new automakers in Brazil. The main limitations of the research are a large volume of fragmented information and the results of public policies are not always easily measurable and available in order to allow a more concrete analysis of their effectiveness or provide elements that support the reformulation of new public strategies.

Causes and consequences of truck production predominance in the Soviet automotive industry in the first half of the XX century

A significant predominance of the number of produced trucks over the number of passenger cars was a feature of domestic automotive industry development until the 70-ies of the XX century. This fact did not correspond to the global vector of automotive industry development. The paper analyses the causes and consequences of this phenomenon by involving mainly a corpus of statistical sources of Russian and foreign origin. The socialist foundation of the political structure of the state and the focus on the development of heavy industry in the economy are identified as the fundamental factors that determined the specifics of Russian automotive industry strategy. By comparing the volumes of freight turnover of railway, river and road transport, the length of communication routes of various types both within the USSR and with the corresponding indicators of foreign countries, the author picks out the features of the Russian transport system that determined the containment of the USSR automotive industry development as a whole and the passenger car industry in particular. The paper denotes poverty and low level of education going with it to be among the social phenomena that prevented the mass distribution of passenger cars in the USSR and did not allow to form consumers of passenger car industry products in the country. Based on domestic and foreign data sources, the article concludes about the stability, regularity and validity of the predominance of produced trucks over passenger cars in the economic development of the country in comparison with the pan-European ones. It is noted that among others the result of this sectoral strategy is the contribution of truck production to the industrial breakthrough of the USSR in the 30-ies and the victory over Nazi Germany and Japan in 19411945 as well as a complex of diverse phenomena that exhibited in various sectors of social and economic life of the Soviet Union. The author claims that the change in the ratio of manufactured trucks and passenger cars in favour of the latter occurred in the 70-ies of the XX century as a result of the victory in the inter-party struggle of the concept of peaceful coexistence. The use of new data allowed the author to identify the influence of politics in the Soviet socialist state on the development strategy of the automotive industry as one of the key sectors of the economy

The decline and fall of the Australian automotive industry

AbstractThis article assesses the historical political economy of the Australian automotive industry alongside the paradigmatic policy shift in economic policy away from protection towards neoliberalism and globalisation. It focuses on the politics of policy change and government assistance, providing a detailed historical narrative of the development and decline of the Australian automotive industry. From the mid-1980s to the mid-2010s, policy-makers oversaw the decline and fall of the Australian automotive industry. The process of decline occurred within a long-term cycle of new assistance, declining protection, new investment, inadequate restructuring, weak profitability, declining market share, and new assistance. Each cycle, however, was unable to stave off renewed crisis and eventual demise. Over the same period, Australian policy-makers transformed the economy from one of the most protectionist in the developed world to one of the most open. The article outlines the impact of neoliberalism on the automotive industry and analyses what the decline of the industry tells us about how the neoliberal policy structure operates in the ‘actually existing’ political economy. It argues that while the burgeoning neoliberal policy structure in the 1980s and 1990s acted to restrict the range of policy choices available for restructuring the industry, the domestic politics of industry assistance acted to restrict the neoliberal colonisation of the policy agenda. Neoliberal governance has had to contend with political imperatives for continuing assistance, while, at the same time, those political imperatives have been increasingly shaped by neoliberalism.

Challenges for the Consideration of Ergonomics in Product Development in the Swedish Automotive Industry – An Interview Study

AbstractThis paper presents an interview study aiming to understand the state of the art of how ergonomics designers work in the vehicle development process within the Swedish automotive industry. Ten ergonomic designers from seven different companies participated in the interview study. Results report the ergonomics designers' objectives, workflow, tools, challenges, and ideal work performance tool. We identify four main gaps and research directions that can enhance the current challenges: human behavior predictions, simulation tool usability, ergonomics evaluations, and integration between systems.

Features of organization and state support of innovative development of automotive clusters

Currently, there is no mechanism of comprehensive state support for the automotive industry in Russian practice and legislation, only regulatory measures are applied specifically for each case. Taking into account the unstable current economic situation and the possibilities of financial and economic regulation, the most relevant and effective instruments are instruments of indirect financial impact, such as taxation. The disadvantage of the tools of the chosen direction is legislative instability, namely, constant changes in the tax code and the imperfection of legislative initiatives, which include the difficulty in determining the criteria for obtaining tax benefits and the lack of interpretations of key concepts such as RD. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of these tools is reduced. Modern measures within the framework of organizational and technical regulation are mainly aimed at supporting the activities and financing of new forms of cooperation, ignoring an important aspect of innovative development of industry the creation of stable infrastructure, including information support, ensuring the safety of operation, procedures for the distribution of investment risks, etc.). In addition, one of the basic principles of the development of the automotive industry is the process of localization of production, which is similarly insufficiently developed. All the problems described above indicate the need to consider the specifics of organizational and technical forms within which state support is implemented, and the search for further ways of innovative development of automotive industry.

Problems of the development of automotive industry in Ukraine

Close intersectoral connections are the basis for classifying mechanical engineering as a backbone sector of the real economy and (indirectly) financial and social domains. Accordingly, the prospects of the socio-economic development of Ukraine are decisively dependent on the state, dynamics, and efficiency of the functioning of the mechanical engineering industries, first of all, the full technological cycle of the automotive industry oriented toward finished products. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the problems of automotive industry development in Ukraine in the context of external influences. The author establishes the key trends in the development of the automotive industry in Ukraine during the period of its independence. The article substantiates the effectiveness of the application of the state protectionist policy tools, in particular the requirements for the localization of production, exemption of mechanical engineering enterprises from payment of VAT, excise duty, land tax, income tax, import duty, bans on the import of used cars, etc. The article shows that the use of these tools during 1995-2008 contributed to the growth of the volume of production and export of passenger cars, as well as an increase in the number of full-scale passenger cars (made from domestic chassis and components) and their share in the total number of cars manufactured in Ukraine. The share of imports in the total consumption of mechanical engineering output in Ukraine and Poland is calculated. The causes (external and internal) of destructive transformations in Ukrainian mechanical engineering, which intensified after 2008, are determined, and directions for their elimination are outlined.