Development Of Teaching Methods Research Articles

Teacher Preparation and Development of Learning Methods Based Classroom Management

Teaching and learning activities can be effective if the class is conducive, and this cannot be separated from the role of a teacher in managing the type. Teachers must pay attention to classroom management both personally and physically. This article aims to determine what a teacher must prepare to develop teaching methods with a class management approach at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 09 Jember Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach in collecting data using observation techniques, interviews, and documentation. The validation technique uses source triangulation, namely testing the credibility of the data, which is carried out by examining the data obtained using several sources. The research results conclude The teacher's preparation for learning is that the seating arrangements are carried out in various ways, such as traditional shapes, semicircular shapes, or the letter U and group shapes. The teacher adjusts the student's sitting position. The development of the learning method implemented is 1) The Market Place Activities learning method developed by the teacher can arouse enthusiasm/increase learning enthusiasm. 2) the Expert Group method can grow students' courage to express their opinions in class. 3) the Group Investigation method can cultivate good work habits in everyday life.

PEMBELAJARAN KOSA KATA BAHASA ASING BERBASIS TPR (TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE)

Learning foreign languages ​​in early childhood requires certain strategies so that learning languages ​​feels fun so that they can motivate students to learn foreign languages. The purpose of this activity is to help improve the competence of teachers who are members of the RA/BA KKG throughout the Sambi sub-district in developing teaching methods for teaching foreign language vocabulary to early childhood. One of the methods introduced to teachers is TPR (Total Physical Response) based learning which is a language teaching method based on commands, speech, and motion. This activity was attended by 30 TK/RA teachers from the Sambi sub-district. The stages carried out in this activity are as follows 1) presentation of TPR-based teaching method material via powerpoint, 2) Introduction of teaching instruments or media to be used, 3) Practical teaching using the TPR method, 4) question and answer discussion. The results of this activity are KKG teachers RA/BA in Sambi sub-district can practice teaching foreign languages ​​well using TPR-based methods

Analysis of Errors in the Use of the ‘Adad Ma’dud of the Third Reguler of the Subject of Arabic Language Lessons in the Boarding School of Tarbiyatul Mu’allimin al-Islamiyah Prenduan Sumenep Madura

Third regular students made various forms of Arabic conversation and writing errors when using numbers (‘adad ma’dud). There are as many errors as when using ‘adad ma’dud. Given this situation, few learners make various mistakes when using ‘adad ma’dud for daily conversations or writing. The purpose of this study is to understand the forms and causes of errors, as well as how to solve the problem of students using quantity and counting in Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul mu’allimin al-islamiyah prenduan. Researchers used qualitative methods and descriptive types to collect data in a triangular manner through observation, interviews, and testing, in order to identify errors made by Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul mu’allimin al-islamiyah prenduan when using ‘adad ma’dud. The theme of this study is Third regular students in the boarding school of tarbiyatul mu’allimin al-islamiyah prenduan. The last thing about writing this study is that Third regular students made mistakes when using ‘adad ma’dud, and they were unable to distinguish how to use singular and additive numbers, positive numbers, ordinal numbers, and mentioned numbers, Number of women. The reason is that girls lack understanding of quantity, quantity, and its rules, schools lack interest in cultivating girls, students use incorrect learning methods, students have difficulty learning Arabic, and their practice of using Arabic is reduced. The decrease in the number, quantity, and interest of students in using teaching aids in the classroom teaching process, as well as the decrease in students' enthusiasm during the classroom teaching process. The solution is to develop teaching methods, increase the time allocation of learning materials, and develop teaching methods.Â

The Influence of Grammatical Hunting Method on the Interest and Learning of Class 4 Students of TMI al-Amien Prenduan on Nahwu Subject

The Tarbiyatul Mu'allimien al-Islamiyah (TMI) Islamic Boarding School is an educational institution that places great importance on learning and language. One of them is learning Nahwu because it can help in speaking and writing correctly. Based on the researchers' initial observations of Regular IV class students, it was found that they tended to be passive in learning nahwu, because during the learning process many students were not focused so that the learning process was only understood by some students. so it is necessary to develop teaching methods that can involve students. To develop this method, researchers will use the Grammatical Hunt Method in Nahwu Learning, in this case the students hunt for words by circling the word horizontally, vertically, or crosswise. This research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental research design. The samples in this study were class IV D and IV E TMI Al-AMien Prenduan, which consisted of 54 students. Research data was obtained by giving questionnaires and tests with a number of prepared statement instruments and giving test questions. The technique of data analysis in testing the hypothesis is to use the prerequisite test and independent sample t-test. The results of this scientific research indicate that the influence of the grammar hunting method on the learning interest of fourth grade TMI Al-Amien Prenduan students in nahwu material is very effective, and this is in accordance with the independent sample t-test, we can see that the value of Sig. > 0.05, then Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant influence between the translation grammatical method and students' interest in learning. Likewise, based on the independent sample t-test on learning outcomes, we can see that the value of Sig. <0.05, then Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant effect of the translation grammar method on student learning outcomes in nahwu subject for Regular IV grade students at TMI Al-Amien Prenduan effective.

Development Interactive Video Media Using Study Strategies Groups for Facial Skin Care Learning not Problems Beauty Cosmetology SMK Negeri 3 Pematang Siantar

Education in Indonesia is constantly evolving. This condition presents a challenge for learning, particularly in the realm of educationwhich functions to provide certain knowledge, insights, skills and expertise. To introduce an innovative teaching paradigm, it is necessary to develop teaching methods and media. In order to achieve innovative teaching goals, educators must have instructional media as a supporting tool or method for conveying material, so as to motivate students and enhance their learning. One of the media that can support the learning process by using visual media as an interactive learning medium is learning videos. The purpose of this learning is to develop and test the feasibility of a valid instructional media video on the No Problem Facial Skin Care competency. The objects of this research inlcude material experts, media experts and students of SMK Negeri 3 Pematang Siantar. The research method is developed by utilizing the R&D (Research & Development). Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. The research results for the material expert validity test yielded a score of 92.53 percent, while media experts scored 89 percent, and it was determined that the use of interactive video learning media improved student learning outcomes. According to experts, learning video media is ideally suited for use as learning media competencies in No Problem Facial Skin Care.

Integrating New Learning Methods into Equine Nutrition Classrooms: The Importance of Students’ Perceptions

Despite greater efforts made over recent years to teach animal nutrition to veterinary students, more needs to be done to develop teaching methods and improve education on equine nutrition. The flipped classroom and peer-assisted learning (FC/PAL) approach is a teaching technique suggested to support learning; however, research into FC/PAL in veterinary education is scarce and little is known about students’ views on this approach. This study examined the results of a questionnaire administered to assess veterinary students’ perceptions of/views about the suitability of FC/PAL applied in an equine nutrition course. Correlation analysis of students’ responses to questionnaire items and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to analyze the variability in student perceptions. The results showed that although half the students reported to be uninterested in equine nutrition, most expressed positive attitudes towards FC/PAL. Comparing the perceptions/views towards FC/PAL among low and high achievers, a significant difference was found for the item considering the duration of FC/PAL (P = .002). Correlation analysis between questionnaire items showed a predominance of positive moderate correlations among high achievers and weak correlations among low achievers. PCA revealed three important findings. First, student interest towards equine nutrition explains the response variability among low achievers. Second, there was significant agreement among almost all high achievers regarding the duration of the FC/PAL. Third, in the item evaluating the usefulness of collaborating with peers, disagreement was only found among low achievers. In summary, a flipped classroom combined with the same level peer-assisted learning appears to encourage student interaction and collaboration in the classroom.

간호전문학사 소지자의 의료인력학사학위 과정에 관한 현상학적 연구

Objectives This study is a qualitative study that attempts to understand the meaning of the nature and experience of the phenomenon of medical personnel training courses for bachelor's degrees of nursing professionals. Methods Data collected using in-depth interviews and observation methods for seven people were enrolled in the medical personnel training course. The phenomenological method suggested by Colaizzi was used to analyze the collected data. Results The study subjects expressed discomfort in academic management without consideration for students. However, it was found that they were comforted by emotional support through unity with classmates and family. In addition, the results showed that acquiring a nursing degree is a stepping stone for employment, which research participants want as a primary goal and is based on future designs such as graduate school entrance. Conclusions Based on these results, it is necessary to understand the medical personnel training course for the bachelor's degree of nursing professionals and to improve the curriculum for the operation of high-quality nursing programs. In addition, it aims to provide primary data for developing teaching methods and establishing a student welfare system suitable for nursing professionals.

BIM-enabled virtual reality (VR)-based pedagogical framework in architectural design studios

PurposeOver the past decade, architecture, construction and engineering (ACE) industries have been evolving from traditional practices into more current, interdisciplinary and technology integrated methods. Intricate digital tools and mobile computing such as computational design, simulation and immersive technologies, have been extensively used for different purposes in this field. Immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) have proven to be very advantageous while the research is in its infancy in the field. Therefore, this study aims to develop an immersive pedagogical framework that can create a more engaging teaching and learning environment and enhance students' skill in the ACE field.Design/methodology/approachThis study developed a BIM-enabled VR-based pedagogical framework for the design studio teaching in architectural courses, using a qualitative approach. A case study method was then used to test and validate this developed framework. Architectural Master Design Studio B, at Queensland University of Technology (QUT) was selected as the case study, with South Bank Corporation (SBC) as the industry partner and stakeholder of this project.FindingsThe practicality and efficiency of this framework was confirmed through increased students' and stakeholders' engagement. Some of the additional outcomes of this digitally enhanced pedagogical framework are as follows: enhanced students' engagement, active participation, collective knowledge construction and increased creativity and motivation.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have proven that the developed technology-enhanced and digitally enabled teaching pedagogy and framework can be successfully implemented into architectural design studios. This can bridge the existing gap between the technological advancements in ACE industry and higher education teaching and learning methods and outcomes. It is also expected that such innovative pedagogies will future-proof students' skill set as the future generation of architects and built environment workers. A major limitation of this framework is accessibility to the required hardware such as HMD, controllers, high-capacity computers and so on. Although the required software is widely accessible, particularly through universities licencing, the required hardware is yet to be readily and widely available and accessible.Practical implicationsThe result of this study can be implemented in the architectural design studios and other ACE related classrooms in higher educations. This can bridge the existing gap between the technological advancements in ACE industry, and higher education teaching and learning methods and outcomes. It is also expected that such innovative pedagogies will future-proof students' skill set.Social implicationsSuch technology-enhanced teaching methods have proven to enhance students' engagement, active participation, collective knowledge construction and increased creativity and motivation.Originality/valueDespite the advancement of digital technologies in ACE industry, the application of such technologies and tools in higher education context are not yet completely explored and still scarce. Besides, there is still a significant gap in the body of knowledge about developing teaching methods and established pedagogies that embrace the usage of such technologies in the design and architecture curricula.

THE FUTURE CHALLENGES OF MODERATE PESANTREN IN INDONESIA:

Abstract Moderate Indonesia's Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) and madrasahs are firmly linked with mass organizations like Nahdlatul Ulama (N.U.), Nahdhatul Wathan (N.W.), Perti, Jam'iyyah al-Khairat, Mathla'ul Anwar (M.A.), and others. Moderate pesantrens have developed teaching methods and an educational system that are open, moderate, pluralistic, and even resistant to radical ideology, violent extremism, and terrorism throughout the centuries. Western sociological-anthropological investigations by Bruinessen, Fealy, Barton, Steenbrink, Horikoshi, Ziemek, and Indonesian scholars such as Dhofier, Wahid, Rahardjo, and Mansur Noor supported this, with certain limitations. Dhofier asserted that the Islamic boarding schools and madrasas were unique until the 1970s as alternative educational institutions. They built a community that valued kyai, santri, langgar, pondok, and kitab kuning. However, violent extremism and terrorist acts in Indonesia over more than a decade implicated alumnae of different radical pesantren; four were affiliated with Jamaah Islamiyyah (Al-Islam Lamongan, al-Mukmin Ngruki, Al-Muttaqien Jepara, and Darusy Syahadah Klaten), and the two others (al-Manar and Al-Hikmah) affiliated with Jamaah Ansharus Tauhid (JAT), and Jamaah Ansharus Syariah (JAS). This paper examines and measures moderate pesantren's future challenges, particularly how global Islamic political movements have fueled religious radicalism and fundamentalism in contemporary Indonesia.

The Effectiveness of Online Learning on Psychology Education Courses of Children With Special Needs in Special Education Students

The role of educators is to develop teaching methods in the Psychology of Educational Children with Special Needs lectures so that students gain knowledge, learning experiences, and easy access through online discussion forums during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of online learning on educational psychology courses for special education students. This research hypothesizes that the online teaching method using WhatsApp is effective for The Educational Psychology of Children with Special Needs course. The research method is a Quasi Experiment. The subjects of this study were students of special education study programs at the University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin city. The data collection method used the test method, through pre-test and post-test. The data analysis technique is the t-test technique. The results of the research from pre-test and post-test data using a paired sample-t test showed that the activities of special education students in the educational psychology course for Children with Special Needs using online learning using WhatsApp turned out to be quite effective.

Ta’zizu Daur al-Muallim ka ’Unsurin Basyari Muhimmin fi Ta’lim al-Lughah al-‘Arabiyyah li Al-Nathiqina bi Ghairiha

The future vision of the educational systems concerned with teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers requires basic skills that must be mastered, such as adaptation, flexibility, accommodating the rapid change in the local and global surrounding environment, the ability to convey ideas by the fastest and most accurate means, and work to develop the capabilities of the teacher and the learner in the educational and learning process, and the absorption of technological means. To develop the competence of the non-Arabic speaking learner and to promote the Arabic language and raise its level among the learners. This research is a descriptive research, and the descriptive research aims to "describe certain phenomena, events, or things, collect facts, information, and observations about them, describe their circumstances, and report their condition as they exist in reality." Many educational programs, plans, and initiatives undertaken by many educational institutions sought to advance the educational sector and strengthen teachers - specifically teachers of Arabic for non-native speakers - by raising their educational level and providing them with modern knowledge through courses, training workshops, lectures, and professional development programs to provide them with the teaching competencies they need. In teaching Arabic to non-native speakers. The content of these programs and the methods of teaching them and the evaluation used in them stems from the goals of teaching the Arabic language in general, and the goals of teaching the Arabic language to non-native speakers in particular, developing teaching methods, strategies and educational activities, developing the professional capabilities of the teacher, and strengthening his role as an important human element in teaching Arabic to non-native speakers.

Мектепматематикасы–экологиялыққұзіреттіліктідамытуқұралы

Environmental problems currently affect all spheres of human activity, so the school should introduce students warning about possible environmental hazards. An urgent problem is the need to introduce environmental education and the formation of environmental culture of students. The article discusses the features of the organization of environmental education in the framework of the subject «Mathematics». The goal is to develop teaching methods linking mathematics and ecology.Along with the ecological education of students, the main directions influencing the development of ecological culture are determined. The content and tasks of text reports of environmental content are indicated. It is considered how text tasks of ecological content contribute to increasing students' interest in the subject, motivation to solve problems. In order to improve the ecological culture of students, examples of environmental content tasks are given. The skills that are formed in students by solving text tasks were outlined. In teaching mathematics, aimed at the formation of the ecological culture of students, the main forms of interaction between students and teachers are outlined. The main methods of mathematical ecology are shown. An idea was given about environmental monitoring, which is the main applied aspect of mathematics. Several proofs have shown that school mathematics is one of the main tools in the development of environmental competence.

미용전공선택 결정요인에 의한 전공만족도 및 취업자신감 관련성 고찰

For beauty-related academic courses, it is required to build a thorough field training system and develop teaching methods and beauty education textbooks. For this, a questionnaire survey was performed against undergraduates from 4-year colleges in Daejeon, interns and those working in the beauty industry. Then, factors affecting the selection of academic major, satisfaction with their academic major and employment confidence were analyzed, and the results found the followings: The students who have chosen a beauty-related major because of recommendations by others have found it more difficult to adapt themselves to their academic courses including theory courses than those who have selected their academic major based on their own interests. This tendency was also found in satisfaction with academic courses. Since definite effects were found in terms of a necessity of improvement for employment and reliability of workplaces, there should be policy considerations for students who choose their academic major based on recommendations by others. In fact, a statistically significant difference was found in terms of the level of confidence after employment between the students who choose a beauty-related major based on their own interests and those who select because of recommendations by others.
 The goal of this study is to make a contribution to the growth of beauty industry workers through analysis of diverse correlations among academic course and employment-related decision factors.

The Use of Commas in Secondary-Education Students and Its Relationship with Reading Comprehension: The Case of Spanish.

The correct use of punctuation marks in secondary-school students is essential for the comprehension of written texts and, therefore, for the students' academic success. However, the examination of this issue has often been overlooked in the literature. In the present study, we focused on the progression of comma usage (i.e., a punctuation mark that is often challenging to master) and examined its relation to reading comprehension. A sample of first- and fourth-year secondary-education students from Spain (N = 115) punctuated brief texts in which commas had been previously omitted. The original texts included various types of mandatory commas in Spanish. We also obtained a reading comprehension score from a standardized reading test. Results show that secondary-education students often did not correctly place the commas, with first-year secondary-education students only succeeding in the correct placement of commas 54.5% of the time in (Year 8 in the UK system). This figure increased to 80.9% in fourth-year secondary-education students (Year 11 in the UK system). As a control, this figure rose to 91.5% in first-year university students. Critically, better comprehenders were the ones with better use of punctuation marks (r = 0.33). These results are useful for developing teaching methods to improve writing/reading skills in secondary-school students.

INNOVATION OF THE MULTICULTURAL BASED BOARDING SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

The innovation of the education system in Islamic boarding schools must be carried out with the aim of finding new breakthroughs in its development, so that it is hoped that there will be new findings that can give any changes in the Islamic boarding school education system. In its way, Islamic boarding school education runs dynamically in forming a multicultural community that is socio anthropologically stated as Islamic boarding school society. This is shown by the two main functions of Islamic boarding school . The first one is as an educational institution with an educational system and typical teaching learning pattern. The second one is Islamic boarding school always internalizes Islamic values in the middle of the Islamic boarding community as well as the community in general. In this case , Islamic values that are accordance with multicultural values.Multicultural education encourages educational institutions to play a role in instilling awareness in a pluralistic society and developing an attitude of tasamuh tolerance to create cooperation with all the difference that exist . Multicultural based Islamic boarding school education is a progressive approach to transform education that holistically provides critics and shows the weaknesses of failure and discrimination in the world of education. Innovation steps taken by Islamic boarding schools in responding to the dynamics of education in Indonesia, students have a formal education diploma in addition to maintain their existence as traditional educational institutions. This then makes Islamic boarding schools innovate in their policies and education systems.This research is located in two places, namely Islamic boarding school Tebuireng Jombang and Islamic boarding school Sirojul Ulum Kediri. This study aims to describe, analyze, and interpret (a) The types of innovations in the multicultural Islamic education system in the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school in Jombang and the Sirojul Ulum Islamic boarding school in Kediri. (b)The process of innovation in the multicultural Islamic education system at the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school in Jombang and the Sirojul Ulum Islamic boarding school in Kediri (c) the results of the innovation of the multicultural Islamic education system at the Tebuireng Islamic boarding school in Jombang and the sirojul ulum islamic boarding school in Kediri.The type of research used is a qualitative with a case study research approach, data collection techniques use three ways, namely observation, interview, and documentation. Then the data is analyzed by condensing the data, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions or verification. While the source of data in this study : the caretaker of the boarding school, the administrator of the foundation, the head of teacher unit ,ustadz.The results of the study show that: The innovation of a multicultural – based education system is seen in : (a) the form of the salafiyah madrasah education unit (b) form of education unit madrasah diniyah (C) madrasah nidzomiyah (d) form of education unit tahfidzul quran (e) form of formal education unit consist of : (1) Islamic junior high school A and Islamic junior high school B (2) Islamic junior high school salafiyah syafiiyah (MASS) : (3) Islamic senior high school salafiyah syafiiyah (MASS) : (4) (Junior high school) and (senior high school )A Wahid Hasyim : (5) Transeins senior high school (6) Islamic Muallimin Hasyim Asy’ari. (f) the form of a higher education unit consisting of : (1) Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari : (2) University of Hasyim Asy’ari .The innovation process of a multicultural based education system includes : (a) the need of the problem (b) development (c) teaching methods. The results of the innovation of a multicultural based education system are revealed in educational institutions under the auspices of Islamic boarding schools which includes : (a) tafaquh fiddin (b) mujtahid (c) proficient in Arabic (d) intellectual intelligence, social, skill, and spiritual ( e ) academic ability ( f) ahlaqul karimah (g) Muallim.The Islamic boarding school education system is actually full of multicultural life contained in it because the teachings of islam itself are very compatible with multicultural values. Therefore it is necessary to explore (observe) all matters related to the boarding school education system to heal an open attitude that can adapt at any time to change times. Therefore when the religious community presents a closed interpretation of religion that is exclusively radical and even shows hostility to others, it is necessary to innovate a multicultural based education system.Keywords: Innovation, Islamic Boarding School Education, Multicultural

Analysis of the Problems of Training Bachelors in the Direction of “Technosphere Security” Taking Into Account the Cognitive Characteristics of New Generations of Students

The research aims to analyze possible ways to improve undergraduate student performance in current conditions. The use of new directions in the methods of training and conducting training in undergraduate agricultural higher education institutions in the “Technosphere safety” training program. When developing teaching methods and technologies, teachers should consider changes in the cognitive abilities of the Generation Z students, which differ significantly from previous generations in terms of attention, information perception, and communication abilities. The author argues a need for the digital transformation of education in the wake of the trend towards the digital transformation of the economy and agriculture. This is primarily an opportunity to activate the combination of the group educational process in the classroom using the capabilities of current computer technologies with the individualization (personification) of education when each student gets the opportunity for independent creative work with remote control and correction by the teacher.

The Analysis of Learning Behaviour of University X Industrial Engineering Students in Covid-19 Pandemic Era

Learning and Teaching in the Covid-19 Pandemic were not easy at all. .Since it hit the world, so many academic activities should be stopped. In the first months so many teaching activities had not achieved the teaching standard and still looked for better teaching method. It used the qualitative methods which were interview to the Class of 2020 and Class of 2021 students, lecturers and the university administrators. and observation to the classes and learning process. From the observation and interview with the Class of 2020 and 2021 students, it was found that hybrid learning was still a bit difficult to understand although it gave better impact for the students that experienced in the class than experienced it online. The selection fo the subjects that had to be opened was not determined of the classification whether it was calculating subject or social subjects. Some recommendations were also given, such as blended learning method for all classes, hybrid classes for only some classes, if needed, comfortable schedule, facilities should be concerned, developing teaching method such games and gamification and creative thinking.

State Finland Education System and Finland Education Best Pratice

In the study of theory and literacy described, it can be seen about the education system in Finland, namely the following reasons: 1. The education system in Finland is flexible, making it easier for all components of education to develop teaching methods and techniques. And encourage students to be more flexible in understanding knowledge. 2. Comprehensive education for all. Financial education assistance by the government and free of charge in learning to answer the problems of people who need education as a way to improve their standard of living. 3. Inclusion-based education. Students with special needs continue to receive the same education and the same assistance from the government as well as the components of education. 4. A job as an educator who is highly valued and has a good selection makes teaching performance considered good. 5. Famous for the results of research conducted by many students and other components, making knowledge always developing.

Development of Teaching Methods Using Infographic Media and Comic Life Practice Towards Students Learning Interests

The purpose of the study was to determine the process of developing teaching methods using infographic and comic life media on interest in learning chemistry, teaching methods using infographic media and comic life on interest in learning chemistry can be declared valid, practical and effective for use in schools. This type of research is development research. The data analysis technique used to obtain the appropriate data, so that it can be processed using the data technique validation results of the infographic and comic life media teaching methods. Data on the effectiveness of learning media, data on the practicality of learning devices. The procedure for developing teaching methods includes needs analysis, design phase, realization/construction phase, test and evaluation phase and implementation phase. Development results in the form of teaching methods based on infographics and comic life that can be used by teachers and students in the learning process. In the expert test of instrument validation, the teaching method underwent several revisions before being implemented in schools until a valid, effective and practical learning media was obtained. The results of the validation of infographic and comic life media with an average validity value of 4.0. The practicality of teaching methods meets the criteria by providing convenience for educators/teachers and students in the learning process and the effectiveness of teaching methods meets the criteria by looking at the positive responses of students with a percentage of 70% stating strongly agree and 30% agreeing.

Интегрированный курс как условие формирования основ инженерной грамотности в начальной школе

The article presents the main results of a study on the formation of the basics of engineering literacy of elementary school students. The purpose of the study is to develop and test an integrated course based on computer science and robotics for grades 3-4 as a condition for the formation of the basics of engineering literacy of students. The article discusses the problem, the main provisions of the author's methodology and conclusions based on the results of its testing. The description of educational and methodological materials developed by the author is given. The scientific novelty consists in clarifying the concept of an integrated course, defining the principles of integration, developing teaching methods in the conditions of the modern education system. As a result, an integrated course for elementary school students was developed and tested, educational and methodological materials were finalized taking into account the testing data.