Development Of Mineral Deposits Research Articles

К безопасности труда при транспортировании гидросмесей по трубопроводу

The article describes the technology of pipeline transportation of hydraulic mixtures for stowing at underground mining. The relevance of optimization of the hydraulic mixture transportation processes is based on the fact that filling the excavated space during its abandonment is the main factor of injury prevention among workers and the integrity of industrial facilities. The aim of the study is to detail the hardening mixture transportation methods for increased distance compared to the reached distance. The maximum damage factor is a rockslide into the open excavated space; therefore, the delivery of stowing pulp to the location of use minimizes the hazard for miners. The advantages of the proposed solution are substantiated by the adopted study methods. The study results can be used for the development of a set of protective measures. The applied mixture transportation methods have been analyzed. The practices of hydraulic mixture transportation for the distance of 2.5 km, which exceeded the best global achievements, have been described. Models of the description of hydraulic mixture transportation have been provided including the models obtained by calculations and experimental pressure loss. The operation schedules in forced mode for pipeline transport have been provided. It has been demonstrated that the optimization of aspects of the issue is specifically relevant for the intensification of processes of metal deposit development. The outcomes of the experimental study can be used when involving accumulated washery refuse in the treatment. It is recommended to determine the parameters of efficient delivery of hydraulic mixtures in vibration-induced mode by modelling in accordance with the criteria of distance and reliability of transportation. The recommendations on the use of hydraulic mixture delivery technology in forced mode can be required when developing mineral deposits by open and underground methods and training highly qualified personnel.

Научно-методический подход к разработке проектов опытно-промышленных испытаний открытой разработки месторождений

Methodology of designing pilot tests in open-pit mining is a complex and insufficiently developed issue in the theory and practice of designing mining systems, which, as a rule, fails to take into account the mining and geological features of the deposits. The complex development of mineral deposits requires new methods of open-pit designing. Thus, the theoretical justification and development of the methods to determine the optimal parameters and indicators of open-pits during the design of pilot tests with the establishment of scales, deadlines, tasks and test conditions is an urgent research problem. The authors of the study have systematized the research trends in developing the basis for designing pilot tests in open-pit geotechnology. The level of geological inaccuracies in case of insufficiently reliable prospecting results leads to a decrease in the expected technical and economic indicators of the mining project ranging from 5-20% to several folds. When information on the deposit is insufficient, pilot test projects are prepared. This is done in order to obtain additional input data for preparation of the feasibility study of permanent conditions or at the stage of the field development to verify the created technologies and means of their mechanisation in order to avoid revision of the mining system parameters in the course of the field operations due to discrepancies between the geomechanical and hydrogeological representations given in the detailed exploration materials and the real conditions.

Концептуальные основы арктической стратегии администрации Д. Трампа

Adhering to the problem-thematic method of presenting the material when studying intra-system changes occurring in the Arctic subsystem of internationalrelations atthe presenttime,the authorfocused onspecific aspects:Washington’smilitarystrategy, nature and natural resources, environmental, socio-economic problems, development of mineral deposits in complex natural conditions, agricultural problems, medical-biological and sanitary-hygienic areas.

ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ОХРАНЫ ОКРУЖАЮЩЕЙ СРЕДЫ ЯКУТИИ

The intensive development of the Russian industrial complex has led to the widespread development of mineral deposits in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). This continuous process is accompanied by a negative impact on the environment for a long time. And recently, the scale of mining has been expanding and covering more and more new territories, which causes the urgency of the problem of environmental protection during the intensification and intensification of mining operations in extreme conditions of the cryolithozone. In accordance with the strategy of "Security of Russia", financial resources are allocated annually from the state budget of the republic for various environmental measures to reduce the consequences of anthropogenic impact, but they are sometimes insufficient. Therefore, it is often necessary to attract private investment in order to maintain a stable environmental situation in certain areas of the republic. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental and economic aspects of environmental protection in order to.

The Use of Remote Sensing in the Study of Open-pit Mining and the Ecology of Disturbed Lands in Deposits of Cement Raw Materials in the Regions of Russia

Based on the results of remote monitoring, the state of mining operations in quarries for the extraction of mineral raw materials consumed by cement plants in Russia was investigated. The fleet of mining and transport vehicles in operation in cement quarries was studied. The production capacity of each quarry in terms of rock mass and the total production potential of quarries in Russia, estimated at 210 million tons per year, have been determined. The environmental indicators of disturbed lands during the development of mineral deposits for use in the cement industry as a whole are presented.

Results of Remote Monitoring of the Technological Potential and Ecology of Open-pit Mining at Mineral Deposits for the Production of Crushed Stone

Based on the results of remote monitoring, the state of mining operations in quarries for the extraction of mineral raw materials consumed by crushed stone plants in Russia was investigated. The indicators of integrated mechanization of crushed stone quarries based on the presence of operating mining and transport vehicles have been identified. The production capacity of each quarry in terms of rock mass and the total production potential of the crushed stone plants in Russia, estimated at 285 million tons per year, have been determined. The environmental indicators of disturbed lands during the development of mineral deposits for use in the crushed stone plants are presented.

Udokan hearth of mineral resources: Factors shaping the quality of atmospheric air

The consequences of the impact of mining and ore processing industries on atmospheric air are acutely negative. Polluted atmospheric air entails a significant environmental risk to human health. The identification of factors that negatively affect the air quality of a mining enterprise and nearby territories actualizes the problem under consideration. The object of the study is the territory of the Udokan hearth of mineral resources. The subject of the study is the factors that shape the quality of atmospheric air. The purpose of the study is to analyze the negative effects of the main factors determining the ecological state of atmospheric air in the conditions of the Udokan hearth of mineral resources. The methodological basis of the research is the complex, structural, factual principles and approaches. The work uses general research methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), as well as private scientific - factor analysis, which is understood as a method of complex and systematic study of the interaction of factors on the magnitude of performance indicators. The main factors shaping the ecological situation of the study area are identified: climatic, qualitative and quantitative indicators of polluting emissions. The necessity of constant monitoring of the state of the atmosphere for the development and implementation of a set of measures to reduce the negative impact of polluting emissions into the atmosphere is justified. Conclusions. The practical uniformity of the chemical composition of harmful emissions during the implementation of the main technological processes of mining and mining processing industries makes it possible to develop preventive measures to minimize the negative consequences of the development of mineral deposits in the mine atmospheric space.

Classification of special legal means of ensuring environmental safety during subsoil development in the Arctic zone of Russia

In order to assess the legal regulation in the sphere of ensuring environmental safety in the development of subsoil in the Arctic zone of Russia, the system is investigated and the classification of special legal means provided by the legislation on subsoil and environmental protection is developed. Based on the analysis of the legal definition of «environmental safety», two groups of special legal means are singled out: 1. prevention of negative impact on the environment; 2. liquidation of consequences of negative impact on the environment. The methodological basis of the study was general scientific and private legal methods. The system of special legal means of ensuring environmental safety in subsoil development regulated by the legislation requires its further development, in particular, the legislation does not define the procedure for environmental certification, there is no legal regulation of the implementation of environmental audit as a measure aimed at reducing the negative impact of economic activity on the environment. The rules of land reclamation do not have special norms aimed at restoring the natural environment after the development of mineral deposits. It is proposed to change the approach to the solution of the mentioned issue through the restoration of the natural landscape. Landscape reclamation will be the foundation for the renewal of the disturbed ecosystem after mining.

Development of mineral resources in the territories of indigenous minorities in the Arctic zone of Yakutia: ethnological expertise of projects

The Arctic is one of the world’s last vast undisturbed regions, and its role in the ecological balance of the Northern Hemisphere is enormous. It possesses rich mineral, raw material and fuel and energy resources; therefore, the development of the Arctic is becoming one of the key strategic priorities of the socio-economic development of the Russian Federation (RF). The study was conducted using historical-geographical, analytical, synthetic, and statistical methods. The purpose of the article is to identify constructive approaches to the relationship between indigenous communities and mining companies operating in the areas where these peoples live. The objectives are: 1. the characteristics of the main types of traditional environmental management of indigenous peoples; 2. the environmental and social consequences of the development of the mining industry on the livelihoods of indigenous peoples; 3. investment projects for the development of mineral deposits and ethnological examination. Conclusions: 1. Subsoil user companies conducting economic activities in territories of traditional natural resource management must provide economic and financial guarantees to protect the rights of indigenous minorities of the North. 2. The list of basic guarantees must be reflected in the Agreement on socio-economic cooperation between the municipality and the subsoil user company. 3. A common observation for the submitted EER projects was the insufficient full use of source material: data from tribal communities in the calculation of standard indicators for estimating gross farm income.

Геотехнологический потенциал открыто-подземной разработки угольных месторождений Кузбасса

The combination of surface and underground mining with the use of common industrial infrastructure at operating open-pit mines and those under construction is defined by the geotechnological potential of the integrated development of Kuzbass coalmines using the combined mining method. The description of key characteristics of technological solutions for coal deposits development by the surface, underground and combined methods are introduced in the article. The novelty of this work lies in developing the priority directions for combining open-cast and underground geotechnologies in a single mining method with the advantage of using unified industrial infrastructure for development of mineral deposits. The application area of open-pit coalmine opening and development schemes based on modular mining and technological structure of the combined method covers the range of conditions in operating, designated and prospective open-pit coalmines in flat-lying coal seams of Kuzbass.

Метод управления индуцированной сейсмичностью при разработке месторождений полезных ископаемых

In conditions of intensive development of mineral deposits, a significant induced component arises, which significantly increases the overall seismicity of the region. This entails the relevance of the problem on a global scale. Scientific and patent analysis of domestic and foreign research shows that there is no information in the open press in the field of induced seismicity management. The proposed and tested method for controlling induced seismicity largely solves this problem. The coefficient characterizing the increase in the cost of a facility planned for construction in a regional context in a seismically active area using the developed method is reduced by 3–5,8 %. This provides a significant technical and economic effect on a large scale. Thus, a new method for controlling induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits using drilling and blasting technologies is more than technically feasible and economically beneficial.

The problem of rational use of mineral resources and mining waste in the context of sustainable development of regions

Efficient use and protection of the subsoil is a part of rational nature management in the mineral base of Ukrainian regions and Ukraine as a whole. The components for the rational use of the subsoil include a comprehensive development of mineral deposits, a comprehensive use of mineral raw materials and mining waste, optimization of the structure of mining production and mineral raw materials consumption. The rational use of mineral resources in the modern interpretation of this issue extends to all stages of their development, including the issue of waste disposal. A huge amount of mining waste has been accumulated in administrative regions of Ukraine, and the issue of their disposal has gone beyond just an economic and ecological problem and has acquired a significant socio-demographic significance. Environmental problems have become particularly acute due to the accumulation of toxic waste, among which the most dangerous are heavy metals, petroleum products and acid tars. For the sustainable development of Ukraine, it is necessary not only to develop new reserves of natural raw materials, but also technogenic minerals accumulated in more than 1,600 man-made deposits and objects. The further development of the mineral base requires, at the state level, an urgent solution to problems that hinder the development and ecological rehabilitation on the ground of rational use.

A comparative analysis of the economic efficiency of coal mining and transportation along the Northern Sea Routes to international consumers from the Taymyr Peninsula deposits

Subject. This article discusses the issues of modernization of transport infrastructure, as well as the policy of Russia's Turn to the East. Objectives. The article aims to find the most effective approach to the development of mineral deposits located in the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation, and assess the prospects for expanding mineral exports to China, India and other Asian countries. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis. Results. The article finds that mineral resource centers, the creation of which is provided for by the Strategy for the Spatial Development of the Russian Federation, will contribute to the strengthening of economic activity in the Arctic. The volume of explored coal reserves on the Taymyr Peninsula makes it possible to create a large energy cluster. Conclusions. The extraction of hydrocarbons in the Arctic and the modernization of the corresponding infrastructure can bring more benefits in the case of parallel development of fields localized near the Northern Sea Route. In the northern regions of Russia, it is necessary to develop a network of roads and railways, which will increase traffic flows, on which success in the implementation of the Turn to the East policy depends.

Riskiness of development of subsoil resources

Relevance. Te concept of risk covers all spheres of human life. With modern requirements for the organization of subsoil use, the issue of risks in the development of deposits and risk management in order to prevent them or reduce their consequences is becoming increasingly relevant. Te purpose of the research is to clarify the system of risks accompanying the process of subsoil use, and their characteristics. Research methodology. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis, comparisons of analogies were used, which together ensure the reliability and correctness of the conclusions. Results. In the course of the study, the manifestation of risks in the development of mineral deposits was clarifed. Te content of geological risk is disclosed from the standpoint of the reliability of various categories of reserves and forecast resources. Te reliability of geological risks is associated with the degree of exploration of the deposit. Te regularities of overestimation of reserves due to the growth of reliability coefcients (transfer) are revealed. Te negative practice of transferring rights to subsoil users in relation to the ratio of the number of reserves of various categories is noted. Mining risk is characterized as uncontrollable, difcult to predict, not amenable to any patterns, which usually leads to accidents and catastrophic situations. A manifestation of environmental risk is the deterioration of the quality of the environment, the depletion of natural resources during the development of subsoil resources. A signifcant environmental risk is associated with the placement of technogenic mineral formations on the surface and the storage of washery refuse in tailings. Recipients are endangered by atmospheric and hydrogenous fows formed near the wastes and emergency breaks of tailings dams. Risk management at the pre-project stage is considered from the position of introducing adjustments for risks when justifying the discount rate. At the stage of feld operation, risk management is a specialized activity. Te main methods of management and sources of fnancing of activities, the basis of which is the chosen method of risk management, are considered. Conclusions. Te process of subsoil use is accompanied by a system of risks, which include geological, mining and environmental risks. At the pre-project stage, risk accounting is carried out through risk premiums. During the operation of the feld – through risk management. Te chosen management method makes it possible to develop appropriate activities focused on the goal.

On the question of the feasibility of the integrated development of mineral resources of the Ural region

Introduction. Te article deals with issues related to the integrated development of the mineral resources of the Ural region. Te integrated development of mineral deposits is a priority area for improving mining, including the maximum possible extraction of the main valuable component of the mineral, as well as the search for technical and technological solutions for the extraction of associated valuable components and marketable products suitable for the production of host rocks. Te purpose of the work is to assess the feasibility of the integrated development of mineral raw materials and the processing of mining and processing waste to obtain commercial quality products. Methodology. Associated components in processed mineral raw materials can be of industrial importance only if the degree of their concentration in the products of enrichment, metallurgical or chemical processing, as well as the technology for the subsequent processing of these products, ensure the cost-efective extraction of these components. Results. Technological schemes of possible hydrometallurgical production based on tailings of wet magnetic separation of titanomagnetite ore of scandium oxide concentrate have been developed. Te results of the study of the chemical composition of the mineral material from the dumps of the gold mining production in the city of Plast for their processing and extraction of valuable components are presented. Te results of the evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of a number of overburden rocks of AO Uralasbest (peridotite, diorite, gabbro and serpentinite) for compliance with the requirements of regulatory documents for the production of crushed stone are presented. Conclusions. Te implementation of the proposed measures will create conditions for a more rational use of subsoil and land, ensure an increase in gross output and expand the range of commodity at existing mining enterprises without a signifcant expansion of production areas, will reduce the area of land allotment and the cost of storing rocks, increase the load on the mining and processing equipment.

Повышение геодинамической безопасности управлением индуцированной сейсмичностью при разработке месторождений твердых полезных ископаемых

The urgency of the problem is determined by the fact that in conditions of intensive mining and other technogenic factors, an induced component arises that has a significant impact on the overall seismicity of the region. The scientific analysis of the published works, both domestic and foreign, shows that the issues related to the occurrence of induced seismicity in the development of mineral deposits (including solid ones) are actively discussed, many studies are devoted to the causes of its occurrence, but there is no information in the open press about research in the field of induced seismicity management. Patent analysis also shows the absence of technical solutions related to the management of induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits. The novelty of the method of controlling induced seismicity in the development of solid mineral deposits using drilling and blasting technologies lies in the fact that seismic events are recorded in the corresponding territory and their main characteristics are determined. Moreover, at the first stage, seismically active areas of the territory are identified, at the second stage, the total released seismic energy of seismic events in the contoured areas of the territory is determined, and at the third stage, the actual values of the density of the released seismic energy are compared with its threshold value for each contoured area of the territory. Depending on the result of the comparison, control information is not formed or formed, and the latter is presented in the form of recommendations for reducing the frequency and power of explosions, the number of explosive deposits, reducing the deceleration of explosions during the extraction of solid mineral deposits, as well as the volume of charges laid at the same time. The eastern part of the Orenburg Region, which is characterized by a large number of solid mineral deposits, was selected for implementation. These deposits are being actively developed by the mining campaigns.

Ресурсные платежи при недропользовании и их роль в налоговых доходах региона (на примере Республики Коми)

The issues of resource rent extraction on the development of mineral deposits have been important throughout the whole history of natural resources exploitation. Today, they are of special importance as the question on the equitable income distribution comes to the forefront of the economic and political development of the society. The author has identified the main world approaches of tax policy which, with all the existing differences between the countries, indicate the main goal of taxation in the mining industries, i.e. the maximal profit recovery on maintaining the interest of entrepreneurs to continue the high-risk mining works. The paper considers tax revenues generated in the mining sector of the regional economy. The tax revenues have been compared with the main macroeconomic indicators of the Komi Republic and the Russian Federation, as well as with the results on the valuation of mineral and raw material potential.

К методике обоснования границ между открытыми и подземными работами

Introduction. Currently, in the development of mineral deposits, the most widely used are open and underground methods. At the same time, open-pit mining is characterized by an extremely negative impact on the environmental situation, while at enterprises that develop deposits by underground methods, labor productivity is lower and, with some development systems, the extraction of minerals is much worse. The possibility of using open pit and underground works at one field makes it possible to use the advantages of each of the development methods, while reducing the negative factors of one of them at the expense of the other. The aim of the work is to assess the impact of technological solutions involving internal dumping on the establishment of a boundary between open pit and underground operations, taking into account the reduction of the technogenic impact on the environment. Methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit can be divided into 2 groups: the first includes methods for determining the boundaries of the open pit by the minimum total costs or the maximum total profit, the other includes methods using the boundary stripping ratio. In this work, when developing an economic-mathematical model, the methodology proposed by Professor A.I. Arsentiev, where profit is used as a criterion for the transition from open to underground work. As a result of the research, an economic-mathematical model was developed and tested to solve the problem of determining the boundary of the transition from open to underground work, based on obtaining additional profit by reducing environmental costs and taking into account the change in the order of dumping. Dependences have been obtained that reflect the change in the economically justified depth of the open pit on the degree of use of the mined-out space, as well as on the area of external dumps. The analysis of the obtained dependences shows that within the established limits and the given modeling parameters, the use of the worked-out space of the quarry allows to reduce the area of external dumps from 13 ha to 2 ha, while the boundary stripping ratio increases to 5.04, and the depth of the open pit increases from 105 m to 116 m. The results of the study can be used in the design of field development by open pit and combined methods.

The Influence of DOC on the Migration Forms of Elements and Their Sedimentation from River Waters at an Exploited Diamond Deposit (NW Russia)

The development of mineral deposits causes changes that are comparable to natural exogenous geological processes, and prevail over the latter in local areas of intensive mining activity. In this article, a diamond deposit is selected, developed by quarries of great depth, and a forecast is made of the impact of drainage water discharge on changes in the composition of surface water and bottom sediments during the entire period of development of the deposit. Modeling was performed according to various scenarios, taking into account changes in the total dissolved solids of groundwater from 0.5 to 21.7 g/kg H2O. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out using the HCh software package. The role of dissolved organic carbon in the migration of chemical elements and the effect of DOC on the precipitation of chemical elements from mixed solutions is given. It has been established that fulvic acid completely binds to Fe in the Fe(OH)2FA− complex in all types of natural waters and under all mixing scenarios. With humic acid, such a sharp competitive complex formation does not occur. It is distributed among the various elements more evenly. It was determined that the mass of precipitating iron in the presence of DOC decreases by 18–27%, and its precipitation in winter is more intense. In contrast to Fe, the precipitation of Ca, Mg, and C from solutions with DOC is higher in summer, and there are more of them in the solutions in winter. This study contributes to a better understanding of the behavior of heavy metals in surface waters and sediments under anthropogenic pressures in order to improve the sustainable management of water resources in the face of anthropogenic activities.

Improvement of operation of tailings storage facilities at mining and processing plants

Purpose. To study the schemes of transportation of iron ore enrichment tailings for their storage in the mined-out space of the spent mines in conditions of increased production of iron ore concentrate. The methods. The results of the study were obtained by means of a feasibility study for the comparison of five different schemes of transportation of enrichment tailings: rail transport, belt conveyor, rope-belt conveyor, tubular conveyor, pipeline. A comparative assessment of capital costs, annual operating costs and the number of employees of the process of transportation and storage of enrichment tailings in the mined-out space of the spent mine was carried out. Findings. The issue of transportation of iron ore enrichment tailings in conditions of open development of mineral deposits is considered. Different types of transport were considered from the point of view of delivery and storage of enrichment tailings. It has been established that the most effective modes of transport, from the point of view of cost reduction and environmental protection, are a tubular conveyor for transporting dry mass and a pipeline for pulp. It has been established that in some cases –provided there is a corresponding technological necessity –it is advisable to use the lower branch of the tubular conveyor for transportation. The originality. The dependence of capital and annual operating costs for the transportation and storage of enrichment tailings in the spent pit on the considered options for transportation by rail transport, belt conveyor, rope-belt conveyor, tubular conveyor, and pipeline was established. The dependence of the change in the number of workers involved in the process of transportation and storage of enrichment tailings on the scheme of their transportation has been established. Practical implementation. Reasonable conditions for the use of a tubular conveyor for the transportation of enrichment tailings to the produced space of the spent pit and to the beneficiation factory are substantiated. In schemes that provide for the reprocessing of enrichment tails, both branches of the tubular conveyor can be used as transport: the lower and the upper.