Deterrent Factors Research Articles

Deterrence and leadership factors: Which are important for information security policy compliance in the hotel industry

Hotels have developed information security policies to deal with information security incidents, and managers are interested in how to enhance employees' compliance with these policies. This study examines how deterrence perception and managers' leadership influence employees' intention to comply with information security policies. Two rounds of surveys were conducted to collect data from Chinese hotel employees. The results show that perceived deterrent certainty has a positive effect. On the other hand, ethical leadership has a significant indirect effect with the second-round compliance intention. Abusive supervision does not have positive effects, even when managers' intent is motivational. Our study is among the first to examine the effect of managers' leadership on information security compliance intentions in the hotel industry. Our study also provides important strategic guidelines for by informing hotel managers that ethical leadership should be practiced as a means of enhancing employees' information security policy compliance.

Investigating the Role of Social Functions of Parks on Adherence to Physical Activity of Elderly People During an Epidemic Disease (COVID-19)

Introduction: The importance of desirable physical activity as a deterrent and risk factor for the elderly is well known. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of parks' social functions on adherence to physical activity in elderly people in Mashhad During epidemic disease (COVID-19). Method. This cross-sectional study was performed using a structured interview technique and a multi-part questionnaire on 100 elderly people. Sampling was done in two stages using a systematic random method. Results: Based on the results, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between the social function of parks and its components with adherence to physical activity in the elderly (P <0.05) and well as 18% of adherence to physical activity changes is related to the social function of parks. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that many factors are affecting physical activity in elderly people, which understanding these factors help educators and other health professionals in designing appropriate intervention programs. Maintaining regular PA during self-isolation is important for the prevention of future chronic health conditions due to a sedentary lifestyle. During crises, functional medical care and vital societal services are of the highest priority.

Structure and Price Dynamics of Potato Cold Storage in Gujarat

The present study was undertaken to study the structure and market dynamics of potato cold storages in Gujarat by collecting requisite information of ten cold storages from three major districts. It was observed that primary processing activities such as grading, sorting, and other value-added activities were taken place at the cold storage level. The cost of electricity was the major operational cost, followed by the cost of labour. Investment cost followed by the running cost of the cold storage was a major deterrent factor reported by the cold storage manager. The study concluded that there was a need to have the proper and effective strategies and policies to support the need to build an efficient cold storage system. Also, producer/trader/entrepreneur should undertake sorting and grading work at their harvest areas, reducing post-harvest losses and creating more bargaining power, and gaining more share in consumer rupees.

Sino-Russian relations as a deterrent factor of the G2 conflict: prospects and policy recommendations

This examines promising directions in Sino-Russian cooperation as a deterrent factor of multidimensional confrontation in the G2 format. The subject of this research is modern and advanced mechanisms of cooperation of geostrategic importance between the two countries, adapted to the global requirements. The goal of this work consists in the review of the common pursuit of the nations for more equal distribution of global power in the aftermath of American hegemony as a result of global trade. The emergence of new regional actors and their ability to operate on the global level and beyond the ideological constraints is analyzed through the United States-China relations, promising trade agreements of China with the European Union and Russia. The author considers the existing hypothesis on the prospects of concentration of regional power and emergence of new actors. The modern forecasts regarding the future of Sino-Russian cooperation are compared with geostrategic approach on the basis of the national interest and sovereignty of the countries in the absence of sound ideology for the purpose of conceptualization of future scenarios and mechanisms for prevention and settlement of conflicts. In conclusion, the author underlines the common pursuit of Sino-Russian cooperation for achieving the objectives of geostrategic nature, which constitutes the dynamic foundation for more equal distribution of world power. This article provides an actual approach towards future globalization scenarios, which would assist to prevent and resolve the conflicts using innovative models of international cooperation in the globalized region.

Проблеми та перспективи розвитку ринку електронної комерції в країнах Латиноамериканського регіону

In the current conditions of rapid digitalization of the worldwide space, taking into account global factors, which are being forced, including such «black swans» as the COVID-19 pandemic, the issues of e-commerce development in the context of certain regions are being activated. The article is aimed at studying and identifying the features and trends of e-commerce development in the Latin American region, a detailed analysis of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest markets in the region. To achieve this aim, the methods of scientific abstraction, analysis and synthesis, statistical analysis, comparison, structural and logical generalization were used. The article determines that, given the large population of the region with a significant stratification of society, the region has seen a sharp increase in the e-commerce market, including by means of the mass digitalization of the end user to meet the need for remote work and training during the pandemic. Most researchers distinguish the markets of Brazil, Mexico and Argentina as the largest in the region. There is a significant increase in the presence of regional and global platforms, with an emphasis on the problem of disproportionately large volume of Asian products sold by global platforms. The increase in the volume of trading platforms can have a beneficial impact on the improvement of logistics infrastructure in the region, which is currently one of the key problems. Among the existing problems, experts also indicate a low level of penetration of banking services and a high degree of cash circulation. Due to the specifics of the banking sector, not all local cards are valid on international trading platforms, which is one of the deterrent factors for the development of e-commerce. Based on statistical analysis, it is determined that in the current realities of the Latin American region, the process of digitalization of all e-commerce market participants is experienced while maintaining trends in the steady growth of key indicators of Internet commerce. This characterizes the region as promising in terms of increasing market volumes, the number of Internet consumers, the level of Internet penetration, the modernization of the banking sector and changes in legislation. At the same time, it is identified that in the presence of problems of the shadow economy, a low degree of public confidence in the banking sector, the preservation of a significant disparity in the incomes of categories of the population, there is a need to revalue the prospects and conditions for the further development of the e-commerce market in the post-pandemic period.

ФІНАНСОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРУ ЕКОНОМІКИ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ

В умовах нестабільного ринкового середовища зростає роль ефективності управління фінансами підприємств через застосування дієвих фінансових механізмів розвитку підприємств аграрного сектору. Проаналізовано основні фінансові механізми розвитку підприємств галузі сільського господарства, визначено їх особливості та недоліки. Встановлено, що запроваджена система фінансування державної підтримки агропромислового комплексу не забезпечує визначеного на законодавчому рівні сприяння життєдіяльності аграрних підприємств, їх конкурентоспроможності на внутрішньому й зовнішньому ринках, гарантування продовольчої безпеки, посилення соціального захисту сільського населення переважно через недосконалість наявних механізмів та небажання самих аграріїв користуватися ними. Визначено стримуючі фактори кредитування аграрних підприємств та розвитку агрострахування, що унеможливлює поліпшення їх фінансового забезпечення та ефективного управління ризиками в аграрному секторі задля нарощення потенціалу їх динамічного розвитку. Ефективність фінансових механізмів забезпечення розвитку аграрного сектору економіки залежить від правильно сформованої фінансової політики окремо взятого підприємства та держави загалом, що сприяє збігу економічних інтересів аграрного підприємства та держави.

First Hour Initiation of Breast Feeding &amp;amp; Associated Factors, among Mothers at Post Natal Ward in Fort Portal Referral Hospital, Uganda

Background: Breast milk is recommended as the best feeding option to neonates and infants for it confers immunological benefits that help to reduce neonatal and infant morbidities and mortalities. WHO recommends that all infants should start breast feeding within one hour of birth i.e. early initiation of breast feeding (EIBF). Unfortunately, studies show that less than 40% of infants in resource limited settings Uganda inclusive are initiated on breast feeding practice, with no documented study done in Kabarole district to assess the problem. This study therefore, set out to establish the prevalence and associated factors with the practice of first hour initiation of breast feeding at Fort Portal Regional Hospital, Kabarole district, Uganda. Methods: With a cross-sectional design, we collected data from 330 post natal mothers and their live-born infants at Fort Portal Regional Referral hospital from 5th-20th August 2019. With a standard interviewer administered tool, mothers who initiated breast feeding within the first hour after delivery of their newly born babies responded with yes and those that did not with a no. Prevalence of one hour initiation was got considering infants that were initiated on breast within one hour over the total live birth times 100 to get the percent prevalence. With Stata version 13 software, statistically significant relationships of the predisposing factors were determined at a p-value (p ≤ 0.05) at bivariate and at multivariate regression coefficient. Results: A total of 330 postnatal mothers targeted for this study, 100% response rate was covered. Mothers’ age ranged from 18 - 45 years with mean age 31 SD ± 6. The prevalence of initiation of breast feeding in the first hour of birth was 68%, a third of (32%) mothers had not initiated breast feeding in the first hour. A half (50%) of the direct predisposing factors for non-initiation of timely breastfeeding were due to birth asphyxia, almost a quarter 23% due to mother’s ill health and 7% due mother not being guided by the health worker on what to do. In this study mothers’ knowledge and awareness of the practice were very low at 20% while that of health workers was fair at 53%. Social demographic factors that influence 1st hour breast feeding practice were; young maternal age being less than 34 years, mothers occupation being self-employed (83%) or unemployed (73%) with 3 times higher odds of initiating breastfeeding within 1st (OR = 3, p = 0.003) than working class mothers (civil servants). Marital status of mothers being married (73%) significantly influenced early breastfeeding practice (p = 0.001). Health workers’ knowledge of the practice was significantly associated (OR = 2.7, X2 = 11.32, *p = 0.00078) with enforcement of mother initiation of breast feeding in first hour compared to the less knowledgeable ones. Conclusion: The practice of timely initiation of breastfeeding at Fort Portal Regional Referral hospital at 68.2% was sub-optimal against WHO universal practice recommendations. Mothers’ low knowledge on timely initiation of breast feeding practice was the most deterrent factor for first hour initiation of breastfeeding practice. Providing breastfeeding counselling to all mothers during ANC and training on best breastfeeding practices and counselling skills for health staff at Fort Portal Referral hospital are urgent recommendation in this study to improve the practice.

Patient’s knowledge and awareness towards dental implants in young individuals of Ghaziabad district- A cross sectional study

Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and awareness towards dental implants in young individuals of Ghaziabad district. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey of 150 individuals was done using a structured validated questionnaire among young individuals of 21-30 years. Results: The results of this study indicated that 12% of the subjects knew about dental implants. The subjects friends and relatives were main source of information about dental implants for 8.7% and dentists were the secondary source for 2.7%. 100% of the subjects wanted to know more about implants. Lack of knowledge was the major factor in preventing patients from choosing dental implants and high cost was also found to be a major deterrent factor. Conclusion: This study showed that young individuals in Ghaziabad have limited awareness about dental implants. Awareness among youngsters is required that can help in eliminating any negative image that may have been caused due to lack of adequate information. It is also concluded that various efforts should be made to lower the cost of implants so that they can be made affordable to all who are in need of it. Keywords: Knowledge, Awareness, Dental implants.

A Spatial Analysis of Property Crime Rates in South Africa

AbstractThe main objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between two types of property‐related crime and some socio‐economic, demographic and deterrence factors. It employs the conditional autoregressive specification to account for spatial autocorrelation that characterises property‐related crime data, which are aggregated up to the level of municipality. First, the analysis confirms the presence of spatial autocorrelation in the data, which means that neighbouring municipalities exhibit similar levels of property crime rates. In addition, and most importantly, empirical findings show that internal migration, youth and education are important predictors of property‐related crime across municipalities in South Africa for the period under consideration.

Retiring early for being emotionally exhausted or staying committed at workplace: a mediation analysis

Purpose Based on the job demands–resources (JD-R) model, this study aims to answer a key research question, i.e. can the job characteristics (i.e. job demands and resources) affect intention to retire early? Additionally, a mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment on the relationships of job demands and job resources, respectively, with early retirement intentions has been explored in the study. Design/methodology/approach The data has been collected from survey of 450 employees from the banking sector in the state of Punjab (India). A structured questionnaire adapted from past literature has been used as survey instrument for the study. Partial least squares structural equation modelling has been applied in the study using latest version of SmartPLS (version 3.2.8) software. Findings Both job resources and job demands have a direct significant impact on early retirement intentions. Moreover, a significant partial mediation effect of emotional exhaustion and affective organizational commitment has also been found out on the relationship of job demands and job resources with early retirement intentions, respectively. Originality/value The study makes incremental contribution by highlighting the role of both deterrent and motivational factors that either instigate or discourage early retirement intentions among employees. It offers valuable insights for the organizations to use efforts for curtailing the excessive job demands that lead to emotional exhaustion and further result in early retirement intentions. Besides this, adequate job resources should be provided to the employees that lead to the development of affective organizational commitment, which further helps in sustaining the workforce until their actual retirement age.

Key accents of agenda of industrial development in Ukraine

Industry of Ukraine requires cardinal changes both for overcoming of the current crisis phenomena and for providing of favourable conditions for dynamic and effective increase in a long-term prospect. Actuality of problem grows under impact of scale transformations in geopolitical and geoeconomical landscapes. The key trends of industrial development in the world are determined by the processes of introduction of innovative technologies of fourth industrial revolution (4IR). However, at present starting positions of national economy and industry in particular are unfavorable for realization of such projects. The problem of disparity of necessity and possibilities transition of industrial production to the new technological level must be settled by continuous adjustment of industry development strategy and state tactics to the specific national aims and conditions (macroeconomic, institutional, foreign-policy) The aim of this article is to accent attention on actual directions, mechanisms, and instruments, which are most accessible, acceptable (economical and institutional measuring) and effective for realization of industrial development strategy under existing conditions in Ukraine. In the article the "road map" of becoming modern industrial production in Ukraine is offered. It covers five purposeful directions (blocks): science and innovation, finance and investment, institutional, structural changes, and market demand. Within each of them tendencies are analysed and priorities for public industrial policy are formulated. The significance and arguments for the urgent formation of national scientific and innovative potential as a factor in reducing the dependence of production and reproduction processes in industry on external influences are presented. The institutional block covers the issue of uncertainty of strategic prospects of industrial development in Ukraine as a deterrent factor to the necessary transformations. The importance of realization of the strategic role of the state at the present stage of industrial transformations is argued. The objective need to involve big business in the intensification of innovation processes based on various forms of partnership with the state is revealed. Emphasis is placed on the priority tasks of structural and sectoral development in the context of accelerating the implementation of modern technological solutions and product innovations. In particular, the importance of the manufacturing sectors of defence and ICT is accented. The importance of expansion and diversification of domestic and foreign markets for the development of high-tech sectors of in national industry is considered.

Wildfire crime, apprehension and social vulnerability in Italy

In this paper, we analyse the socio-economic determinants of wildfire crime in Italy through panel data at the regional level. The first aim of the paper is to evaluate whether socioeconomic variables suggested by crime theory are linked to wildfire crime in Italy. Using Poisson-type models it is found that social vulnerability factors such as poverty and unemployment play an important role in driving wildfire crime. Organised crime is also found to be a significant factor explaining wildfire crime. A second aim of the paper is to investigate the effect of deterrence factors as fire prevention tools. Using regional data about forest fires charges we investigate the effect of apprehension at different levels of the law enforcement process. Namely, we compute proxies for the probability of standing trial once apprehended, the probability of being successfully identified as offender, and finally the probability of being convicted for wildfire crime. Our results provide evidence that law enforcement efforts are negatively related to the occurrence of wildfire crime.

Investigating the Investment Behaviors in Cryptocurrency

This article investigates the socio-demographic characteristics that individual cryptocurrency investors exhibit and the factors that go into their investment decisions in different Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). We conducted a web-based revealed preference survey among Australian and Chinese blockchain and cryptocurrency followers, and applied a Multinomial Logit model to inferentially analyze the characteristics of cryptocurrency investors and the determinants of their choice of investment in “cryptocurrency coins” versus other types of ICO tokens. The results showed differences in the determinant of these two choices among Australian and Chinese cryptocurrency folks. The significant factors of these two choices included age, gender, education, occupation, and investment experience, and they aligned well with the behavioral literature. Furthermore, in addition to differences in how they ranked the attributes of ICOs, there was further variance between how Chinese and Australian investors ranked deterrence factors and investment strategies. TOPICS:Currency, emerging markets Key Findings • The significant factors of the choice of investment in cryptocurrency include age, gender, education, occupation, and previous investment experience. • Chinese and Australian investors rank the ICO attributes differently. • The deterrence factors and investment strategies vary between Chinese and Australians.

The Moderating Effect of Corruption on Deterrent and Socio- Psychological Factors for Tax Compliance: A Conceptual Model for Small and Medium Enterprises in Uganda

Tax compliance is the desire for every nation world over. Although investigations have been done into the effects of deterrent and social psychological factors on tax compliance, inconsistent results have been reported, suggesting that a moderator might explain the mixed results. Intrinsically, the main aim of this research is to propose the addition of the perceptions of corruption as having a role to play in moderating the relationships between first, deterrent factors and tax compliance and second, the social psychological factors and tax compliance behaviour among SMEs in Uganda. Once validated, the proposed model will be valuable to government in policy formulations and evaluation, Uganda Revenue Authority and other regulatory bodies, and practitioners. Keywords: corruption, Uganda, tax compliance, deterrent factors, trust, social factors, SMEs DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-22-07 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Peritoneal dialysis: the ideal bridge from conservative therapy to kidney transplant.

BackgroundKidney transplantation offers the best potential for full rehabilitation in patients with end-stage kidney disease who are treated with dialysis. However, due to organ shortage which is a universal phenomenon, most patients need to be maintained on a period of dialysis therapy before the prospect of transplantation. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) could be an ideal form of renal replacement therapy due to its favorable profile toward preservation of residual renal function, patient survival, lower overall burden on cardiovascular morbidity and infection risks.MethodsWith extensive experience in PD therapy from Hong Kong where PD-first is a mandatory health policy, we reviewed the literature and present current evidence that favors PD as an optimal form of bridging renal replacement therapy prior to kidney transplantation. ResultsPD provides a viable and advantageous form of renal reaplcement particularly in terms of preservation of residual renal function, patient survival and quality of life, and cost among many other factors. Potential misconceptions that PD-related peritonitis and dialysis inadequacy are potentially deterrent factors for initiating PD therapy are clarified. ConclusionPD is a practical and noninferior form of renal replacement that serves as an ideal bridge from conservative therapy to kidney transplantation.

Exploring Supportive and Deterrent Factors on Online Shopping in a Developing Country

This study explores the influence of the reasons of individuals' supportive and deterrent behaviors against commercial usage of online media in the emerging market of Turkey. The supportive and deterrent factors are grouped in empirical categories as discouragement and encouragement, respectively. The impact of these factors on actual behavior were assessed via intermediary empirical category including the variables inefficiency, efficiency, intention, and subjective norm. A survey was conducted using a sample of 251 observations obtained from the visitors of three large/busy malls using purposive sampling. The multiple least-square regression was utilized to test the nature of the relationships between variables. Results indicated a significant discouraging impact of warranty, finance, habits, security on inefficiency perceptions, an encouraging impact of geography and convenience on efficiency perceptions. Significant behavioral impact of perceptions regarding inefficiency, efficiency, subjective norms, and intention on actual usage of online shopping was also observed.

Dithranol: An Insight into its Novel Delivery Cargos for Psoriasis Management.

Dithranol (DTH) is a well-known moiety that has long been used promisingly to impede and treat skin disorders, particularly psoriasis. Nowadays, a rekindled interest in the use of DTH for this disorder has been observed. Side effects associated with conventional topical formulations of this moiety have aroused the interest of the scientific community in investigating novel cargos of DTH for psoriasis management. Previous research has evidenced the anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferating potential of DTH. Numerous studies have indicated that DTH inhibits polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocyte, modulates epidermal cell receptors and promotes anti-psoriatic action. However, some deterrent factors like poor solubility, stability, toxicity, staining and skin irritation hamper its use as a potential therapeutic agent. With the adoption of novel drug delivery technologies, the above mentioned inherent limitations of DTH have been compensated to reestablish this drug moiety. This article reviews novel drug delivery aspects, safety concerns, clinical evidence, current status, and future opportunities of DTH in the management of psoriasis. Further, it will update researchers on this promising drug moiety, which is free from systemic adverse responses in comparison to other therapeutic molecules like steroids, for psoriasis treatment.

Deterrent factors of blood donation among lapsed blood donors in the fixed sites of Taiwan

Background and ObjectivesFixed blood donation sites are crucial sources in the stabilization process of blood bank stock level. In addition to recruiting new donors, ensuring that donors at a fixed site continue to donate blood and preventing donors from becoming lapsed donors is equally critical.Materials and MethodsA total of 56 137 donors who had made whole blood donation at a fixed blood donation site in the past 2 years (from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2017), but failed to make another donation in the past year (from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2017) were defined as lapsed donors in Kaohsiung Blood Center. This study sent questionnaires to these lapsed donors by mail to determine the blood donation motivation and deterrent factors.ResultsFirst‐time donors, female donors, donors of 17–30 years old, students, service sector employees, donors who last donated at a mobile blood donation vehicle and donors who have only made one donation are the primary focal point of this study. These donors are the lapsed donors from fixed blood donation sites. This study revealed that lapsed donors from different demographic groups indeed have different motivation and deterrent factors. However, the majority of donors do not oppose blood donation. The main reason for them to stop donating blood is work and family.ConclusionAnalysing the features of lapsed donors helps develop strategies for stabilizing the blood bank stock level, thereby enhancing invitations to specific groups to increase blood donation frequency and transforming donors into regular donors.

Deterrent Factors in Urban Farming Participation

Urban farming is the practice of cultivating, processing, and distributing food in or around urban areas. Urban farming is a relatively new trend in Malaysia and has increased in recent years. As urban farming remains to be promoted by municipal governments and others, it is essential to understand how to ensure these projects are viable. This study was conducted to identify the deterrent factors that hinder the "community buy-in" in the urban farming projects and how to overcome the problem so that "community buy-in" in the urban farming project will be achieved and sustain in the future.Keywords: Urban Farming; Deterrent Factors; Participation; Community Buy-IneISSN: 2398-4287 © 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v5i13.2066

E-Counselling: The Intention, Motivation and Deterrent among School Counsellors

Internet technologies are rapidly changing our lives, so school counsellors are now facing challenges to provide innovative ways in order to support students in their preferred communication mode. This study sought to understand the perception of school counsellors towards e-counselling on (1) their intention to use e-counselling; (2) the motivators for them to offer e-counselling; and (3) the deterrent factors from offering e-counselling. 66 school counsellors completed this online survey. All had online communication experience with their students. Counsellors showed positive intention to apply e-counselling in schools only when e-counselling facilities were provided. Lack of competence in technical skill seemed to outweigh their intention to use e-counselling. Appropriate professional development, technical training and the practice-based research in school comparing effectiveness of e-counselling and face-to-face were the leading three motivators for school counsellors to use e-counselling. Fear of miscommunication due to unfamiliar online language, lack of professional development and technical skill training, lacks of technical resources were the key deterrents that deter their intention to offer to e-counselling. The major contribution from this study indicated that school counsellors were receptive to offer e-counselling in school with the conditions that they were given adequate and appropriate professional development, technical trainings and e-counselling facilities.