Determination Of Total Body Water Research Articles

Einfluß des Sports auf die Entwicklung von 10-11jährigen Knaben - I. Körperzusammensetzung, anthropometrische Parameter und Kreatininausscheidung

We compared body composition (measured by total-body water determination), skinfolds, body circumferences and diameters and the muscle arm area of 10 to 11-year-old boys (n = 21) at the beginning and the end of a 9-months training period (track-and field athletics) with data obtained in 12 control subjects of corresponding ages. Urinary creatinine excretion was measured as a parameter of muscle mass at the end of the training period. Boys engaged in training gained (mean: + 2,6 kg) significantly less (p less than 0,05) weight than controls (mean: + 3,9 kg). Fat-free mass (FFM) as percentage of weight significantly increased in boys engaged in training (mean: + 1,8%; p less than 0,005) at the expense of fat whereas in controls (mean: + 0,6%; p: n.s.) there was no significant change. Decreasing skinfold thickness in boys engaged in training indicated reduction of subcutaneous fat. In controls, subcutaneous fat increased at the trunk and decreased at the periphery. Regression analysis indicated that changes of triceps skinfold thickness did not reflect changes in body fat content (r = 0.30; p: n.s.). A significant relation was established between changes of the subcapular skinfold thickness (r = 0,46; p less than 0,005) and of the sum of 5 skinfolds on the one hand (r = 0,51; p less than 0,005) and the changes of body fat content on the other hand. High standard deviations from the regression lines, however, indicated that accurate prediction of changes in body fat content was not possible in an individual subject.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Determination of total body water by deuterium isotope dilution measurements using chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Two chemical ionization mass spectrometric methods were developed for direct determination of deuterium in water in the range of 0.0-0.6% 2H2O. One of them utilizes the batch inlet system, methane as the reagent gas, and the peak matching device of a magnetic sector mass spectrometer. The second one utilizes the directly-coupled gas chromatograph of a quadrupole mass spectrometer and computer control for ion selection and data processing. In this method the water itself serves as the reagent gas. The deuterium concentration is calculated from the ratio of ion intensities at m/z 20 (2HH2O+) and m/z 19 (H3O+). We have used these methods to determine total body water in 350 human subjects, which entailed making 900 measurements over a period of four years. Comparisons were made in 200 subjects of our results with those obtained by the creatinine method. No significant differences were found.

PART I. TOTAL BODY WATER IN NORMAL ADOLESCENT MALES

ABSTRACTThis study was undertaken to obtain total body water (TBW) data suitable for derivation of body composition of the typical adolescent male. TBW by the deuterium dilution method, stage of sexual development and anthropometric parameters (weight, height and triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness) were determined in 108 males between 10 and 14 years of age, whose weight and height fell between the 10th and the 90th percentile of the NCHS reference data.TBW/weight did not change significantly between 10 and 14 years, although a slight increase after age 11 years and from genital stage 2 to stage 5 was present. This indicates that body fat content decreases after 11 years and after genital stage 2, especially if the fact is taken into account that water content of fat‐free body mass decreases during this age period.The ability of single anthropometric parameters to predict TBW/weight was low (subscapular skinfold thickness, r= ‐0.62; triceps skinfold thickness, r= ‐0.54; weight/height cube ratio, r= ‐0.48). Even with the use of various combinations of anthropometric parameters in multiple stepwise prediction equations it was not possible to explain more than 50% of the variation of TBW/weight and the high standard error of the estimate indicated large errors in prediction. Thus, body composition of normal adolescent males cannot be predicted with an acceptable degree of accuracy by anthropometric parameters. On the other hand, the deuterium dilution method using salivary water represents a noninvasive method for the determination of TBW which is quite simple and suitable for field studies.

Exchange of water between the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, and the environment.

During determination of total body water and net water turnover in the harbor porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, it was demonstrated that the porpoise exchanged water with an isosmotic environment by way of free diffusion and with hypo- or hyperosmotic environment by way of osmosis.

Validation of saliva sampling for total body water determination by H 218 O dilution

The use of saliva sampling for the measurement of total body water by H2 18O stable isotope dilution was assessed. The H2 18O abundance in saliva reached a constant value by three hours after isotope administration, and the total body water calculated from the 3-h saliva values was not significantly different from the value calculated from the 4- and 6-h serum samples. The results indicated that isotopic equilibration between these fluids was rapid and complete. Comparison of total body water calculated from the paired serum and saliva studies indicated that the relative precision of the determination was between 0.8 and 1.5%. Saliva sampling is noninvasive and is well suited for use in children in field studies.

Longitudinal studies of anthropometric data and body composition The population study of women in Göteborg, Sweden

Anthropometric data and body composition, estimated from total body potassium and total body water determinations, were studied in 1968 to 1968 and 1974 to 1975 in a population sample of middle-aged women. Altogether 1302 women participated in the anthropometric studies and 79 women in the body composition studies on both occasions. Body height decreased with age both secularly and biologically. The reduction of body height was greater at higher ages. Body weight increased with age, the change being partly a cohort effect and partly an effect of age. Evidence of a reduced muscle mass in the arms with age was found. Body cell mass increased with age in some age strata. There was an increase in subcutaneous fat with age, both in the arms and in the trunk. Body fat did not change significantly with age in the age strata studied. A change in body weight was accompanied by a smiliar change in both body fat and body cell mass.

Total-body water determination with a practical internal standard method

Knowing the total-body water content of their patients, physicians can reach important conclusions. So far, complex methodology has been an obstacle to the easy obtainment of precise data. The presented method with scintillation counting, using an internal standard employs two identical vials with equal quenching. Both of the vials contain the same amount of sample, but only one of them a known amount of HTO. With the proposed mathematical handling of the readings the efficiency can be determined and with the concentration of HTO in the samples, the HTO diffusible space. To test the procedure urine and serum samples taken 24 hr after oral HTO served to determine the total-body water. The results for men were: 649 per cent of the body weight or 239 1/m2 of the body surface; women: 56·6 per cent of the body weight or 19·71/m 2 of body surface. The perfect reproducibility, accuracy and simplicity of the procedure offer an excellent and practical method to determine total body water.

The effect of route of dosing and method of estimation of tritiated water space on the determination of total body water and the prediction of body fat in sheep

SUMMARYEight mature female sheep were offered a ration which maintained body weight constant during a 20-week period. During the final 10 weeks a comparison was made in each animal of the pattern of equilibration and urinary losses of tritiated water during 8 h after dosing by four different routes. These were intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraruminal and a combination of the intraperitoneal and intraruminal routes. Tritiated water spaces were calculated from (a) the 8-h plasma specific activity and (b) by extrapolation to zero time of the plasma specific activities during the 7 days after injection. At the end of the experiment the fat and water contents of the bodies of the sheep were determined directly.Complete equilibration of tritiated water between plasma and rumen water was not achieved in all animals 8 h after intravenous or intraperitoneal injection but was when the rumen was primed by the combination of intraperitoneal and intraruminal dosing. After intraruminal dosing equilibration was not achieved in any animal within 8 h of dosing.Urinary losses of marker were lower after intraruminal dosing but otherwise averaged 4–5 % of the dose/1 urine. This was equivalent to 0·3–6·7% of the dose for individual sheep.Errors resulting from incomplete equilibration and urinary loss of marker did not influence the efficiency of prediction of total body water from tritiated water space. The multiple correlation coefficient relating body fat with empty body weight and its water content was very high (r = 0·99). Errors introduced into this relationship by the inclusion of gut water in the prediction equations were apparently of a similar magnitude to those resulting from the errors in the estimation of tritiated water space.The extrapolation method for the determination of tritiated water space was shown to have the same accuracy as equilibration techniques under these controlled dietary conditions.

Dynamics of water-isotope distribution.

Dynamics of water-isotope distribution.

Determination of total body water of rabbits exposed to high external environmental temperatures using a tritium labeling method

Determination of total body water of rabbits exposed to high external environmental temperatures using a tritium labeling method

Effect of exercise on determination of total body water by tritium oxide.

ArticleEffect of exercise on determination of total body water by tritium oxide.D Cardus, W G McTaggart, and C L YoungD Cardus, W G McTaggart, and C L YoungPublished Online:01 Jul 1969https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1969.27.1.1MoreSectionsPDF (775 KB)Download PDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesGet permissionsTrack citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInWeChat Back to Top Next Download PDF FiguresReferencesRelatedInformation More from this issue > Volume 27Issue 1July 1969Pages 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1969.27.1.1PubMed5786963History Published online 1 July 1969 Published in print 1 July 1969 Metrics

Determination of total body water by deuterium oxide dilution and cryoscopy.

Abstract Total body water has been determined in human subjects by administering deuterium oxide (D 2 O) orally as the tracer substance and after equilibrium has occurred, determining the dilution of the tracer by measuring the change in freezing point of the serum water with a sensitive osmometer. Error from variations in base-line readings of the cryoscope has been minimized by "straddling" the serum sample with a control of double distilled water. The administration of D 2 O orally rather than intravenously does not appear to add another variable in the determination of total body water. Variation in total body water in 9 subjects considered to be normal in respect to fluid and electrolyte balance over a period of 3 to 6 weeks has been determined.

BODY COMPOSITION STUDIES ON THE SUCKLING PIG: II. THE IN-VIVO DETERMINATION OF TOTAL BODY WATER

The method of Keston et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 122, 227) for the in-vivo determination of total body water when applied to the growing piglet has been evaluated and found to produce values in good agreement with those obtained by desiccation of the same animals.The densitometric method for the determination of deuterium oxide provides results of sufficient precision when considered in relation to the other unavoidable errors involved in work with live animals. The relative simplicity of the techniques and equipment in the present investigation recommend them for more extensive use in sequential studies of the body composition of growing animals.

A comparison of HTO in plasma and expired water vapor.

Tritium-labeled water was injected intravenously into a young male adult man and the time courses of specific radioactivity in plasma, red cells, urine, and expired water vapor were determined and compared. Specific activity of - breath water and urine appeared to follow a pattern of damped oscillation about the curve for the specific activity of plasma water. The transfer function of the biological system for the injection of radioactivity was determined. Results indicated that breath water samples may under certain circumstances be substituted for urine or plasma water samples in the determination of total-body water.

An Evaluation of the Antipyrine Dilution Technique for the Determination of Total Body Water in Ruminants1

An Evaluation of the Antipyrine Dilution Technique for the Determination of Total Body Water in Ruminants1

Measurement of total body water in the dog with antipyrine.

Summary and Conclusions1. Intravenously injected antipyrine is destroyed in the dog at the rate of 20 to 60% per hour. 2. Nevertheless, antipyrine space may be used for the determination of total body water in the dog, because of the fact that the distribution of antipyrine appears to be essentially complete after 10 minutes. 3. Dogs in adequate nutritional status are found to have antipyrine spaces of 53.9% to 67.9%. The average value obtained from 8 normal dogs was 59.9%. 4. Inadequate nutrition and emaciation result in an increase in the antipyrine space, a result consistent with the idea that body water is related more closely to lean body mass than to body weight.

Simultaneous determination of total body water by antipyrine and deuterium oxide in patients with edema

Simultaneous determination of total body water by antipyrine and deuterium oxide in patients with edema

Determination of Total Body Water and Solids With Isotopes

Determination of Total Body Water and Solids With Isotopes