Determination Of Mitotic Index Research Articles

Phytochemical composition analysis, antioxidant, antimitotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of leaf and stem extracts of Pistacia lentiscus L

ABSTRACT This study explored the phytochemical composition, antioxidant properties, anti-germinative effects, and anti-inflammatory actions of methanolic leaf extracts (MLE) and methanolic stem extracts (MSE) derived from Pistacia lentiscus L. species native to the eastern region of Morocco. Using Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC),16 and 17 components were discovered inMLE and MSE, respectively, with Epigallocatechin being the most prevalent in both extracts. Polyphenols and flavonoids were found to be more abundant in MLE. Furthermore, DPPH assays revealed that it had a higher free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 37.5 mg/L) compared to ascorbic acid while ferric-reducing power tests showed that MSE had a greater potency (IC50 = 86.14 mg/L) than MLE. Both MLE and MSE inhibited sorghum seed germination in a dose-dependent manner, with MSE being slightly more effective. Mitotic index determination revealed that both extracts had concentration-dependent antimitotic effects, with MSE showing similarity to colchicine, indicating its potential as an antimitotic agent. In vitro, anti-inflammatory assays showed that it had similar properties to indomethacin in protein denaturation and membrane stabilization, while MLE displayed distinct characteristics. Furthermore, in a carrageenan-induced rat model, both extracts demonstrated anti-inflammatory potential, with MSE showing a trend of slightly better efficacy. These results highlight the importance of further investigation into MSE’s potential as an anti-inflammatory and antimitotic agent.

IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES CULTURES

Background: Onopordum carduiforme, Centaurea verutum, and Achillea santolina are medicinal plants grown in Syria and commonly used in traditional medicine. Such as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the genotoxic effects of these plants have not been studied. Aim and objective: the aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures model by evaluating the cell proliferation, determination of mitotic index (MI), and their effects on chromosomes. Methods: the hydroethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of the three plants were extracted using an Ultrasonic bath. Then the genotoxic effects of hydroethanolic extracts of these plants on human lymphocyte cultures was conducting by determination of mitotic index (MI). Results: the results showed that all three plants decreased non-significantly the mean of mitotic index in comparison with negative control (normal MI) (p>0.05) at concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) and the mitotic index values ranged was between (2.25±0.07 and 3.3±0.28). However, C. verutum showed the lowest mitotic index (3±0.14 at 1 mg/ml) and (2.25±0.07 at 5 mg/ml), and did not induce chromatid or chromosome breaks or gaps. Conclusion: these preliminary results on cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of these plants provide valuable information about the safety of using them in alternative medicine. Peer Review History: Received: 11 November 2021; Revised: 13 December; Accepted: 28 December, Available online: 15 January 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. amaechitoexcel@yahoo.com Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my Similar Articles: A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PLANTS OF APOCYNACEAE FAMILY AND THEIR MEDICINAL USES STUDY LITERATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF SOME PLANTS THAT POTENTIALLY AS THE SOLAR SOWS EXPLORING THE ANTIPARASITIC ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Mitotic Index Determination on Live Cells From Label-Free Acquired Quantitative Phase Images Using a Supervised Autoencoder.

This interdisciplinary work focuses on the interest of a new auto-encoder for supervised classification of live cell populations growing in a thermostated imaging station and acquired by a Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) camera. This type of camera produces interferograms that have to be processed to extract features derived from quantitative linear retardance and birefringence measurements. QPI is performed on living populations without any manipulation or treatment of the cells. We use the efficient new autoencoder classification method instead of the classical Douglas-Rachford method. Using this new supervised autoencoder, we show that the accuracy of the classification of the cells present in the mitotic phase of the cell cycle is very high using QPI features. This is a very important finding since we demonstrate that it is now possible to very precisely follow cell growth in a non-invasive manner, without any bias. No dye or any kind of markers are necessary for this live monitoring. Any studies requiring analysis of cell growth or cellular response to any treatment could benefit from this new approach by simply monitoring the proportion of cells entering mitosis in the studied cell population.

The Ryanodine receptor stabilizer S107 fails to support motor neuronal neuritogenesis in vitro

Calcium homeostasis is essential for neuronal cell survival/differentiation. Imbalance of the Ca2+ homeostasis due to excessive Ca2+ overload is essential for spinal cord injury (SCI). The overload resulted from Ca2+ flux across the plasma membrane and from internal Ca2+ store release (mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ER). Inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR) are involved in releasing Ca2+ from ER contributing to axonal degeneration following SCI. In turn, block of both receptors is axoprotective. The calstabin RyR subunit, stabilizing the channel in a state of reduced activity, prevents pathological Ca2+ release too.We investigated whether S107, a RyR-stabilizing compound (Rycal), is beneficial for survival and neuritogenesis of spinal cord motor neurons in vitro. We used a spinal cord slice model and the motor neuron-like NSC-34 cell line. Effects of S107 were tested by propidium iodide/fluorescein diacetate vital staining, mitotic index determination via BrdU-incorporation, and neurite sprouting parameters. Results showed that S107 (i) had no effect on gliosis resulting from slices preparation; (ii) had no effect on motor neuronal survival and proliferation; and (iii) impaired neurite sprouting, no matter whether it was a differentiation (NSC-34 cells) or regeneration (spinal cord slices) process. The results underline the need for a flexible Ca2+homeostasis provided by the ER for re-initiation of neuritogenesis.

Protective action of picroliv isolated from Picrorhiza kurroa against radiation clastogenecity on mice and cyclophosphamide-induced cytotoxicity in Allium cepa Root

Objective: Wide-scale cell death, following chemo and radiation therapy, is a major concern in clinical therapy of cancer. The need to identify agents with a potential for chemo and radioprotective potential has assumed great importance. The study aims at the evaluation of the efficacy of picroliv, a potent antioxidant derived from the plant Picrorhiza kurroa, as cyto- and radioprotector. Materials and Methods: Picroliv was fed to mice in a dose of 20 and 30 mg/kg, i.p. daily for 15 days following 4 Gy gamma rays exposure. Body weight, mortality, and hematology were assessed along with endogenous spleen colony-forming unit (CFU) and micronucleus (MN) scoring. In vitro cytoprotective activity was assessed on Allium cepa root meristem growth parameters against cyclophosphamide-induced genotoxicity by determination of mitotic index (MI) and chromosome aberrations (CA). Results: Picroliv treatment resulted in reduced body weight loss, recovery of hematological parameters, increased CFU preservation, and reduced MN expression. Picroliv caused an increase in root length and number of A. cepa simultaneously exposed with cyclophosphamide. Cyclophosphamide-induced cellular damage as measured by MI, and CA was significantly less. Picroliv at 10 mg/ml concentration showed normal dividing cells with few fragments, and sticky chromosome reversing the severe cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide expressed with chromosome fragmentation, vagrant, sticky, and C-anaphase chromosomes. Conclusion: The results of this study strongly suggest picroliv to be a promising agent for ameliorating injury, following radiation and chemotherapy. The potent antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and immune-modulatory properties of picroliv may be responsible for the apparent cyto- and radioprotective activity.

Пролиферативная активность клеток опухолей слюнных желез

Salivary carcinomas comprise 2–3 % of malignant tumors of the head and neck. The basic method of morphological study in early diagnostics is aspiration puncture with a fine needle (FNAB). Complex histologic structure and great diversity of morphological items complicate cytologic diagnostics of salivary tumors considerably. Immunocytochemical examination must be used to reduce the errors, it enables to reveal neoplastic cells at early stages of malignization. High proliferative activity of tumor cells is one of their biological peculiarities. Accuracy in differential diagnostics between benign and malignant tumors is improved through determination of mitotic index combined with a fine needle aspiration puncture.

The Early Histological Effects of Intravesical Instillation of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Cystitis Models.

PurposeTo evaluate the early histological effects of the intravesical instillation of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in rabbit models of interstitial and hemorrhagic cystitis.MethodsThirty-six rabbits were classified into 6 groups: saline (S), S+PRP, hydrochloric acid (HCl), HCl+PRP, cyclophosphamide (CyP), and CyP+PRP. At 48 hours after induction, PRP was prepared and intravesically administered to the S+PRP, HCl+PRP, and CyP+PRP groups. Bladder sections were stained with toluidine blue for mast cell counting and with hematoxylin and eosin for histopathology and mitotic index determination. The proliferation index was determined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunolabeling. The nonparametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used for statistical analysis.ResultsNo abnormalities were observed in the S group, whereas increased interstitial edema and increased average mitotic and proliferation indices were observed in the S+PRP group (P=0.023, P=0.004, and P=0.009, respectively). Intense epithelial loss, hemorrhage, and leukocyte infiltration were detected in the HCl and HCl+PRP groups, whereas a significantly increased average mitotic index was observed in the HCl+PRP group (P=0.002). When compared with its CyP counterpart, a significant reduction in hemorrhage and an increase in leukocyte infiltration and mitotic index were observed in the CyP+PRP group (P=0.006, P=0.038, and P=0.002, respectively). In addition, PCNA staining revealed a significantly increased proliferation index in the HCl+PRP and CyP+PRP groups (P=0.032 and P=0.015, respectively).ConclusionsThe intravesical instillation of PRP increased the mitotic index in the saline and cyclophosphamide groups while decreasing macroscopic bleeding.

Determination of the impurities in drug products containing montelukast and in silico/in vitro genotoxicological assessments of sulfoxide impurity

Impurities affecting safety, efficacy, and quality of pharmaceuticals are of increasing concern for regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries, since genotoxic impurities are understood to play important role in carcinogenesis. The study aimed to analyse impurities of montelukast chronically used in asthma theraphy and perform genotoxicological assessment considering regulatory approaches.Impurities (sulfoxide, cis-isomer, Michael adducts-I&II, methylketone, methylstyrene) were quantified using RP-HPLC analysis on commercial products available in Turkish market. For sulfoxide impurity, having no toxicity data and found to be above the qualification limit, in silico mutagenicity prediction analysis, miniaturized bacterial gene mutation test, mitotic index determination and in vitro chromosomal aberration test w/wo metabolic activation system were conducted.In the analysis of different batches of 20 commercial drug products from 11 companies, only sulfoxide impurity exceeded qualification limit in pediatric tablets from 2 companies and in adult tablets from 7 companies. Leadscope and ToxTree programs predicted sulfoxide impurity as nonmutagenic. It was also found to be nonmutagenic in Ames MPF Penta I assay. Sulfoxide impurity was dose-dependent cytotoxic in human peripheral lymphocytes, however, it was found to be nongenotoxic. It was concluded that sulfoxide impurity should be considered as nonmutagenic and can be classified as ordinary impurity according to guidelines.

The influence of endogenous protein complex on morpho‐functional activity of bone marrow cells (616.3)

Endogenous regulators of proliferation are considered as a main player of cell‐cycle regulatory system. Specific actions (stimulation or inhibition) on the target cell are the primary function of regulators. Stimulating growth factors are well described while Inhibitory factors are still less known. One of the growth inhibitory endogenous thermostabile complex is identified in various organs of phylogeneticaly distance organisms (from bacteria to human). The complex decreases the homologous cells proliferation by inhibiting of RNA synthesis. The complex is not species specific but it is characterized by organ specificity, which is revealed only on terminally differentiated cells.The Goal Investigation of endogenous protein complex influence on morpho‐functional activity of bone marrow.Objectives Investigations were carried out on growing rats and adult mice. Obtaining of endogenous thermostabile protein complex from various organs of rat with alcohol extraction was performed; The determination of mitotic index was used for estimation of cell proliferation activity.Results We have found that mitotic index has not changed after the injection of endogenous thermostabile protein complex. Particularly colchicine mitotic index of bone marrow cells in adult mice of control group equals to 65±1.3, mitotic index is 63±2.5‰ after the injection of protein complex. The same picture is observed in growing rats. The value of mitotic index is not changed with compared to control group.Conclusion On the bases of our results we can conclude that organ specificity of protein complex, is still maintained in case of bone marrow cells despite that fact that bone marrow contains the cells with different degrees of differentiation.This results may be considered as new evidence about the action of endogenous protein complex and its possible usage in medicine for development of new therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cancer.

Interlaboratory assessment of mitotic index by flow cytometry confirms superior reproducibility relative to microscopic scoring

A flow cytometric procedure for determining mitotic index (MI) as part of the metaphase chromosome aberrations assay, developed and utilized routinely at Pfizer as part of their standard assay design, has been adopted successfully by Covance laboratories. This method, using antibodies against phosphorylated histone tails (H3PS10) and nucleic acid stain, has been evaluated by the two independent test sites and compared to manual scoring. Primary human lymphocytes were treated with cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C, benzo(a)pyrene, and etoposide at concentrations inducing dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Deming regression analysis indicates that the results generated via flow cytometry (FCM) were more consistent between sites than those generated via microscopy. Further analysis using the Bland-Altman modification of the Tukey mean difference method supports this finding, as the standard deviations (SDs) of differences in MI generated by FCM were less than half of those generated manually. Decreases in scoring variability owing to the objective nature of FCM, and the greater number of cells analyzed, make FCM a superior method for MI determination. In addition, the FCM method has proven to be transferable and easily integrated into standard genetic toxicology laboratory operations.

<i>Ex vivo</i> evaluation of a prototype submucosal biopsy forceps for the diagnosis of gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) account for approximately 2% of gastric cancers and can be challenging to diagnose due to the difficulty sampling tissue from these lesions. Current biopsy methods are inadequate for determining the mitotic index, a major prognostic factor of these tumors. We sought to evaluate the ability of a prototype submucosal biopsy forceps to make a histologic diagnosis and mitotic index determination in cases of resected gastric GISTs. After obtaining informed consent and surgical resection of three gastric GISTs, an investigational submucosal biopsy forceps and sheath was passed under direct visualization into the central portion of the tumors (in the ex vivo setting) and biopsies were obtained. The tumor was then processed for standard histology. A gastrointestinal pathologist, blinded to the mitotic index of the full specimen, evaluated the research biopsies. The results from the submucosal forceps biopsies were then compared with the standard histology results. n all 3 cases, the submucosal forceps biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of a GIST. In two out of three cases, the submucosal forceps biopsies accurately classified the risk for progressive disease (based on the mitotic index) when compared to standard histology. In one case, the research biopsy mitotic index would have resulted in an underestimation of tumor risk (biopsies categorized the lesion as “very low” rather than “moderate” risk).

EUS-guided single-incision needle-knife biopsy: description and results of a new method for tissue sampling of subepithelial GI tumors (with video)

The diagnostic efficacy of current tissue sampling techniques for upper GI subepithelial tumors (SETs) appears to be limited. Better tissue acquisition techniques are needed to improve the diagnostic yield in this setting. Our purpose was to determine the safety and diagnostic yield of EUS-guided needle-knife incision and forceps biopsy (SINK biopsy) of upper GI SETs. Retrospective database review. Academic tertiary-care referral center. This study involved 14 consecutive patients referred for EUS evaluation of upper GI SETs with previous unsuccessful attempts at tissue diagnosis by conventional forceps biopsy. EUS-guided needle-knife incision and forceps biopsy. The safety and diagnostic yield of this method, compared with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), when possible. SINK biopsy provided tissue samples that were sufficient for definite histologic diagnosis in 13 of 14 cases (diagnostic yield 92.8%). There were 8 gastric GI stromal tumors. In 7 of 8, the size of SINK specimens allowed immunohistochemical analysis, and the evaluation of malignant potential was carried out by means of mitotic index determination in 5 cases (71.42%). SINK biopsies determined the pathological diagnosis of all (4 of 4) nonmesenchymal lesions. Eight patients underwent both EUS-FNA and SINK, with final histologic diagnosis determined in 6 of 8 cases (75%) by SINK versus 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) by EUS-FNA (Fisher exact test, P = .023). There were no procedure-related complications. A single-center, retrospective analysis with small sample size. SINK biopsy appears to be an easy, safe, and effective technique for determining the definitive pathological diagnosis, evaluation of the malignant potential, and planning management of SETs. It could be a reliable alternative to conventional FNA, providing larger samples that improve the histologic yield.

Environmental mutagenicity and toxicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea shrimp harvesting in Piauí, Brazil

Sodium metabisulfite is used in marine shrimp harvesting to prevent the occurrence of black spots. Shrimps are soaked in a sodium metabisulfite solution in ice, which is disposed of in sewages that run into marine canals, creating an environmental hazard. This study evaluates the toxicity and mutagenicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea waters and sediments collected in a shrimp farm in Cajueiro da Praia (Luis Correia), state of Piauí, Brazil, using the Allium cepa assay. Water and sediment samples were collected in the dry and in the rainy seasons, in three sites: upstream the shrimp farm (Site 1), at the point sodium metabisulfite is discharged (Site 2), and 100 m downstream the farm (Site 3). Three sample dilutions were used (50%, 25% and 10%) for all samples. A negative control (well water) and a positive control (copper sulfate 0.0006 mg mL −1) were used in each experiment. At the end of the 72-h exposure period, onion roots were measured and removed. Mutagenicity analysis included the determination of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the detection of micronuclei; analysis of root size and mitotic index were used as an index of toxicity. The A. cepa assay revealed that the water and sediments samples collected in the Piauí coast contaminated with sodium metabisulfite induce toxicity. The results demonstrate that the assay may be used as a regular tool in the analysis of water parameters in shrimp farms in the coast of Piauí state, and in strategies to preserve the region’s marine ecosystem.

The natural compound benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one selectively retards cell cycle in lettuce root meristems

Benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one (BOA) is a natural plant product that is phytotoxic to target plant species, inhibiting germination and growth and causing oxidative damage. We investigated its effects on the root meristems of seedlings of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) by means of light and transmission electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and conventional determination of mitotic index. Flow cytometry analyses and mitotic index showed a retard of cell cycle in BOA-treated meristems with selective activity at G2/M checkpoint.

MCA1 detection of Histone H3 serine 10 phosphorylation, a novel biomarker for determination of mitotic indices

Previously we identified circulating autoantibodies in high titre in the serum of a patient with biopsy-proven discoid lupus erythematosus reactive to serine/threonine phosphoepitopes of the novel mitotic chromosomal autoantigen we named MCA1. MCA1-reactive antibodies have subsequently been demonstrated to bind to the modified histone H3 (H3K9me3S10ph). In this study we utilised Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from this patient to immortalise B-lymphocytes producing MCA1-reactive antibodies. We found MCA1-reactive antibody production by the EBV-immortalised B-lymphocytes unstable in culture. We discuss the possibilities of producing MCA-1-reactive reagents through protein engineering methods (variable or complementarity-determining region grafting) and to modulate antibody affinity through library technologies (such as phage, yeast or ribosome display). Clinical studies have shown that carcinogenesis is most often linked to the development of proliferative abnormalities and proliferative activity has prognostic significance in a variety of human tumours. Here we demonstrate the potential utility of antibodies reactive to H3K9me3S10ph (MCA1), which is only detected on mitotic chromatin, as a marker for cell proliferation in FACS analysis, tissue section staining and in determination of mitotic indices.

DNA Damage-induced Down-regulation of Human Cdc25C and Cdc2 Is Mediated by Cooperation between p53 and Maintenance DNA (Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1

The Cdc25C phosphatase mediates cellular entry into mitosis in mammalian cells. Cdc25C activates Cdc2 for entry into mitosis by dephosphorylating Thr and Tyr at the site of inhibitory phosphorylation. The Cdc25C gene contains tumor suppressor p53 binding sites and is demonstrated to contribute to the p53-dependent cell cycle arrest upon DNA damage. Here we show that both Cdc25C and Cdc2 were down-regulated in wild-type HCT116 cells but not in p53-null, DNMT1-null or DNMT1and DNMT3b-null cells, upon p53 stabilization following doxorubicin-mediated DNA damage. Furthermore, zebularine, a drug that selectively traps and depletes nuclear DNMT1 and DNMT3b, relieved p53-mediated repression of endogenous Cdc25C and Cdc2. Methylation analysis of the Cdc25C and Cdc2 promoter displayed internal CG methylation proximal to the p53 binding site upon DNA damage in a p53-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of doxorubicin treated wild-type HCT116 cells showed the presence of DNMT1, p53, H3K9me2, and the transcriptional repressor HDAC1 on the Cdc25C and Cdc2 promoters, suggesting their involvement as repressive complexes in Cdc25C and Cdc2 gene silencing. Thus, the general mechanism of p53-mediated gene repression may involve recruitment of other repressive factors.

Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Buenos Aires City Hospital Wastewater Samples

The untrated wastewaters from health centers present a potential risk aquatic ecosystems because of the content of toxic and genotoxic chemicals. The composition of these wastewaters discharged to the urban sewer system present fluctuations generated by spatial and temporal variations in the discharges of citostatics, heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Hg), antibiotics, etc. In Buenos Aires city the Hospital effluents are discharged to the sewer system with no previous treatment, in turn, the wastes of the municipal sewage system are released to the Río de la Plata, with no treatment at all. This river is also the source of water for the plants that provide drinking water to the city. The objective of this paper was the study of the genotoxicity and toxicity from Hospital San Martín wastewaters. This General Hospital releases approximately 560 m3/daily of effluents to the municipal sewer system, from. Sampling this effluent was performed seasonally, in this paper we report the results obtained in summer 2003, autumn 2004 samples. The determination of toxicity was performed with the Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition test and with the determination of mitotic index in Allium root tips. On the other hand, the genotoxicity was studied with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 assay and with the induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa test. Each sample was assayed either after sterilization by filtration or as an XAD-2 resins extract. The summer 2003 samples were toxic and genotoxic in the Allium test when were assayed at 100% and 50% v/v dilutions, genotoxicity in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test was also detected at 100% and 10% v/v dilutions. The samples of autumn 2004 were not genotoxic, only toxicity for Saccaromyces strain was detected when raw effluents and 100X extracts were tested. None of the wastewaters samples assayed demonstrated toxicity in the Pseudomonas fluorescens test.

Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Buenos Aires City Hospital Wastewater Samples

The untrated wastewaters from health centers present a potential risk aquatic ecosystems because of the content of toxic and genotoxic chemicals. The composition of these wastewaters discharged to the urban sewer system present fluctuations generated by spatial and temporal variations in the discharges of citostatics, heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Hg), antibiotics, etc. In Buenos Aires city the Hospital effluents are discharged to the sewer system with no previous treatment, in turn, the wastes of the municipal sewage system are released to the Río de la Plata, with no treatment at all. This river is also the source of water for the plants that provide drinking water to the city. The objective of this paper was the study of the genotoxicity and toxicity from Hospital San Martín wastewaters. This General Hospital releases approximately 560 m3/daily of effluents to the municipal sewer system, from. Sampling this effluent was performed seasonally, in this paper we report the results obtained in summer 2003, autumn 2004 samples. The determination of toxicity was performed with the Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition test and with the determination of mitotic index in Allium root tips. On the other hand, the genotoxicity was studied with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 assay and with the induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa test. Each sample was assayed either after sterilization by filtration or as an XAD-2 resins extract. The summer 2003 samples were toxic and genotoxic in the Allium test when were assayed at 100% and 50% v/v dilutions, genotoxicity in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test was also detected at 100% and 10% v/v dilutions. The samples of autumn 2004 were not genotoxic, only toxicity for Saccaromyces strain was detected when raw effluents and 100X extracts were tested. None of the wastewaters samples assayed demonstrated toxicity in the Pseudomonas fluorescens test.

Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Toxicity of Buenos Aires City Hospital Wastewater Samples

The untrated wastewaters from health centers present a potential risk aquatic ecosystems because of the content of toxic and genotoxic chemicals. The composition of these wastewaters discharged to the urban sewer system present fluctuations generated by spatial and temporal variations in the discharges of citostatics, heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Hg), antibiotics, etc. In Buenos Aires city the Hospital effluents are discharged to the sewer system with no previous treatment, in turn, the wastes of the municipal sewage system are released to the Río de la Plata, with no treatment at all. This river is also the source of water for the plants that provide drinking water to the city. The objective of this paper was the study of the genotoxicity and toxicity from Hospital San Martín wastewaters. This General Hospital releases approximately 560 m3/daily of effluents to the municipal sewer system, from. Sampling this effluent was performed seasonally, in this paper we report the results obtained in summer 2003, autumn 2004 samples. The determination of toxicity was performed with the Pseudomonas fluorescens growth inhibition test and with the determination of mitotic index in Allium root tips. On the other hand, the genotoxicity was studied with Saccharomyces cerevisiae D7 assay and with the induction of chromosomal aberrations in Allium cepa test. Each sample was assayed either after sterilization by filtration or as an XAD-2 resins extract. The summer 2003 samples were toxic and genotoxic in the Allium test when were assayed at 100% and 50% v/v dilutions, genotoxicity in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae test was also detected at 100% and 10% v/v dilutions. The samples of autumn 2004 were not genotoxic, only toxicity for Saccaromyces strain was detected when raw effluents and 100X extracts were tested. None of the wastewaters samples assayed demonstrated toxicity in the Pseudomonas fluorescens test.

Phosphohistone H3 labelling for histoprognostic grading of breast adenocarcinomas and computer-assisted determination of mitotic index

Background: Microscopic evaluation of mitotic figures is a routine procedure in the assessment of the histoprognostic grade of tumours. Nevertheless, their count may be fraught with difficulties. As histone H3...