Determination Of Metal Concentrations Research Articles

Development and Assessment of a Nutritional Supplement Formulation for Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes, a major global health issue, affects 424.9 million people worldwide, with a significant portion undiagnosed, leading to severe health and economic impacts. Effective management of diabetes includes dietary interventions, among which nutraceuticals play a crucial role. Nutraceuticals are food-derived compounds that offer health benefits, including disease prevention and treatment. This study focuses on the development of an antidiabetic nutraceutical instant soup powder formulated with ingredients like fenugreek seed, finger millet, tomato, curry leaves, garlic, black pepper, black salt, stevia, and oyster mushrooms.The raw materials were sourced from local markets and processed to create a fine powder mix. The soup powder’s physicochemical parameters, including pH, viscosity, moisture content, and ash levels, were measured. Nutritional analysis, sensory evaluation, and heavy metal content determination were conducted following standard protocols. The soup powder exhibited significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties, demonstrating potential as a dietary supplement for diabetes management. The sensory evaluation indicated high acceptability among the panelists, highlighting the product’s feasibility for consumer use.

Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in some Medicinal Plants from The Region of Oran from Algeria

Background: Some heavy metals found in our environment are toxic; once absorbed by plants, they build up in tissues and are phased out. Other heavy metals are trace elements needed for human health, but they can be toxic in excess concentrations. Objective: The purpose of this study is both to confirm the necessary metals' recognized medicinal virtues and to raise awareness of the presence of harmful non-essential metals that could harm humans and the environment. Methods: This study depicts a profile of existence of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe) in some important herbal plants used in some parts of the country as a food condiment like (Moringa oleifera, Artemesia campestis, Nigella sativa, Asparagus stipularis, Sesamum indicum, Ruta montana, Rhamnus alaternus, Pistacia lentiscus using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The heavy metals in these medicinal plants were in the range of 0.38-0.56ppm of Zn, 0.00- 0.69 ppm of Cu, 0.13-0.16 ppm of Cd, 0.26-0.52 ppm of Pb, 1.10-8.89 ppm of Fe. Of the eight medicinal plants/products examined, the prescribed limits were respected. For each plant, a test sample of 2 grams of powder is mineralized. Each mineral is analyzed by injection. For each element, a calibration curve is generated. Assay with atomic absorption devices (lead, copper, cadmium, nickel, manganese) is carried out. The results are expressed in mg/L for different species. The highest value is lead. Copper content is present in various extracts and is considered a good source. Conclusion: The obtained results are promising for human health. The zinc contained in Moringa is very valuable. The presence of iron in the species Rhamnus alaternus confirms its use in traditional medicine as an anti-anemic.

Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial studies of ciprofloxaci-imines and their complexes with oxozirconium(IV), dioxomolybdenum(VI), and dioxotungsten(VI)

We synthesized and characterized ciprofloxacin-imine complexes, generated from ciprofloxacin and either 4-nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine (NO2PD) or 1,3-propanediamine (PD), in conjunction with zirconyl nitrate dihydrate, sodium molybdate dihydrate, and sodium tungstate dihydrate. Characterization involved numerous analytical methods, containing melting point determination, conductance dimensions, elemental analysis (CHN), metal content determination (%), infrared, electronic spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Our findings reveal that the ligand as functions a tetra-dentate chelate binding to metal ions via azomethine and deprotonated carboxylate group. Additionally, the complexes and ligands were tested in contradiction of two types of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and all prepared compounds showed good spectrum activity. KEY WORDS: 4-Nitro-1,2-phenylenediamine, Ciprofloxacin-imine, In-vitro antimicrobial activity, Zr complexes Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 949-962. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.11

Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial studies of some of first transition series metals and zinc complexes with mixed ligands of trimethoprim-isatin and nitrogen base

Complexes of mixed-ligand Schiff bases [trimetho-prim (TMP) with isatin] (L1) and nitrogen bases [2,2′-bipyridine (bipy)] (L2), [1,10-phenanthroline (phen) (L3)] with metal chlorides: M = Cr3+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ were prepared and characterized by metal content determination (%), FT-IR, electronic, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility, conductance measurements and elemental analysis (CHN). The bacterial activity of the ligands and their metal compounds was evaluated via various microorganisms. Infrared spectra of Schiff base showed an azomethine peak shifted in complexes that coincide synthesis and coordination of Schiff base through the nitrogen atom of azomethine C=N) and the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group of L1 with metal ions. L2, L3 (bipy, phen) coordinated through the di imine nitrogen atoms. Conductance dimensions suggested the non-conductance nature of all the compounds except Cr(III) complexes, this outcome fits in with the molar conductance value estimated for 1:1 electrolyte in DMF. Magnetic susceptibility analysis and electronic spectra indicated an octahedral geometry for all complexes. Biological study for prepared compounds have been evaluated towards pathogenic microbes Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Some compounds have stronger antibacterial action than Schiff base towards tested microbes. KEY WORDS: Antimicrobial, Heterocyclic compounds, Schiff base, Trimethoprim drug, 2,2-Bipyridyl, 1,10-Phenanthroline Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2024, 38(4), 1013-1025. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v38i4.16

Preparation of complex titanium-containing coagulants from large-scale mineral concentrates and their use in wastewater treatment

Relevance. Development of new, highly effective reagents for treatment of wastewater of various origins is a complex and extremely important task. An equally pressing issue remains the development of technologies for processing large-scale mineral products, which currently have not found an economically feasible technology for their processing and have received the status of “waste”. The development of a technology for producing reagents using waste as a raw material will not only have an economic effect but will also significantly minimize the level of negative impact on the environment and take a step towards the implementation of the Zero Waste concept. Aim. Development of technology for processing large-scale titanium-containing raw materials to obtain complex titanium-containing reagents and study of their effectiveness in wastewater treatment from various industries. Methods. To study the phase composition of the samples, the X-ray diffraction method was used, and the determination of metal content in acidic solutions and wastewater was carried out by atomic emission spectroscopy. Results and conclusions. The authors have proposed the technology for production of complex titanium-containing coagulants, which includes hydrometallurgical technology for sulfuric acid processing of large-capacity mineral raw materials – titanite. Aluminum hydroxide was introduced into the resulting solutions to adjust the chemical composition and neutralize free sulfuric acid. The resulting aluminum sulfate transforms into the most stable form of 18-aqueous crystalline hydrate, absorbing moisture from the solution, realizing chemical dehydration. The study of the composition of solid samples of coagulants showed that the predominant phase in the composition of the complex coagulant is aluminum sulfate, and the content of titanium compounds ranges from 1 to 14 wt %. It was established that by varying the ratio of mineral raw materials:sulfuric acid it is possible to vary the amount of modifying additive titanium compounds in the complex reagent. It was proven that the use of complex titanium-containing coagulants in wastewater treatment allows reducing the consumption of coagulants by 25–35%, increasing the efficiency of water purification, minimizing residual concentrations of pollutants, and also significantly increasing the rate of sedimentation of coagulation sludge in comparison with traditional sulfate aluminum.

LID Approach to Railway Track Drainage: Determination of Heavy Metal Content in the Embankment of Railway

Along with the increase in global pollution, every part of the urban system, including facilities for the transport of people and goods, is becoming increasingly interesting for the study. The first serious research into the impact of railway traffic on the environment appeared after the year 2000. So far, there have been few studies, the main shortcoming of which is a lack of understanding about pollutant migration. With this in mind, in this paper, an investigation and control of the railway track with regard to the presence, content and migration paths of heavy metals was provided. For the research purposes, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and optical emission spectrometry with induced coupled plasma were used. It was found that the maximum allowable values were exceeded for cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc, nickel, vanadium, barium, chromium and iron. In the course of determining the amount of these elements in the railway track, there was also evidence of significant metal infiltration into the lower layers. This indicated the ability of heavy metals to migrate, even through mechanically compacted soil. Detailed knowledge of these issues is of huge importance, which enables the selection of adequate techniques to prevent the migration of heavy metals into the lower layers of the ground and the surrounding soil, among which the elements of Low Impact Development technology stand out in recent years, which could find a very wide and effective application in railway engineering.

Detecting changes in industrial pollution by analyzing heavy metal concentrations in tree-ring wood from Romanian conifer forests

The impact of air pollution on forests, especially in urban areas, has been increasingly discussed recently. Many pollutants, including heavy metals, are released into the atmosphere from various sources, such as mining, non-ferrous metal processing plants, and fossil fuel combustion. These pollutants can adversely affect not only tree growth but also other species, including humans.This study compared the concentrations of several elements in tree-ring wood from two conifer species (Silver fir, Abies alba; Norway spruce, Picea abies) growing in polluted and unpolluted areas. Two regions in northern Romania (Bicaz and Tarnița) that were subjected to historical pollution changes were selected. Two chemical analyses were used: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF).The silver fir trees from the intensively polluted area in the Tarnița region were negatively impacted by industrial pollution: the Mn concentrations were, on average, three times higher in polluted areas than in unpolluted areas (ca. 30 vs. 10 mg kg−1). This finding was consistent for both ICP-MS and XRF analyses. However, in Norway spruce, this difference was found only in the XRF data, which detected Mn concentrations seven times higher in trees from polluted areas than those from unpolluted areas (ca. 700 vs. 100 mg kg−1). In the Tarnița region, Norway spruce accumulated more heavy metals than silver fir, but the most pronounced differences between polluted and unpolluted areas were found in silver fir.The two analytical methods are commonly used to determine metal concentrations in wood, and they complement each other, with ICP-MS having a low detection limit for some elements and XRF having higher detection limits and better accuracy. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the optimal method depends on many factors, such as the type of heavy metal analyzed, its concentration in wood, sample type, cost, analysis time, and sample preparation.

Direct elemental analysis of plant oils by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Simple sample dilution combined with oxygen introduction into the plasma

Assessment of trace metal concentrations in plant oils has been considered a crucial quality control marker for potential health risks, oil flavour, and oxidative stability. A straightforward inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methodology was developed and validated through introduction of argon:oxygen gas mixture into plasma, allowing for a direct elemental analysis of organic matrices. This approach offers the advantage of a simple one-step preparation of plant oil samples with negligible contamination risks. The complete solubilization of the oil matrix enables the determination of total metal content from a single test tube with low dilution factor of 5. The modified plasma conditions resulted in the development of a robust and accurate ICP-MS method providing limits of detection at sub ng·g−1 levels. The ICP-MS method allowed the determination of trace levels of Ba, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Sn, V, and Zn in olive, sunflower and rapeseed oils.

Atmospheric air pollution of a mining town in the Kuzbass region by toxic metals

The paper analyses the results of active biomonitoring of atmospheric air pollution in the mining town of the Kuzbass region by the most toxic metals. The epiphytic moss Pylaisia polyantha (Hedw.) B. S. G. was used as a bioindicators; determination of metal content in moss samples was carried out using neutron activation analysis and atomic emission spectrometry methods. Based on the results of the study, spatial distributions for pollution levels of the most toxic metals were plotted and their sources were identified.

Evaluation of a tea bag formulation of Tapinanthus bangwensis (Engl. and K. Krause) Danser leaves, meant for the management of diabetes

The incorporation of traditional medicine into the mainstream health care delivery system particularly in some developing countries such as Ghana has resulted in reliable access to herbal medicines and their safe use. This has also led to a surge in the search for herbal alternatives, reformulation, and development of herbal medications in treating and managing diseases such as diabetes. Currently, the surging price of orthodox antidiabetics and their reported adverse effects from long term use has contributed to many Ghanaians switching to the use of phytomedicines as alternatives. The aim of this study is to formulate tea from the leaves of Tapinanthus bangwensis, family Loranthaceae to serve as an additional remedy for the management of diabetes.For standardization, quality control, and authentication of the formulation, FTIR, and HPLC analysis were conducted. The safety profile of the tea via determination of median lethal dose (LD50), microbial load, essential elements and toxic metal contents were also assessed. In addition, the pH, uniformity of mass, total water extractive and optimization of the extraction method were also investigated.The FTIR showed the presence of alcohols, esters, phenols and aromatic compounds. The HPLC fingerprint also showed 23 peaks with the highest peak having a retention time of 15.4 min. The extract also recorded a pH of 7.43 ± 0.02 at 26.1 °C and total water extractive of 39.37 ± 0.05 %w/w. The tea passed the uniformity of mass test with an average net mass of 3.0 ± 0.02 g. Optimum extraction of the tea was realised with 250 mL of freshly boiled water. The formulated tea was found to be safe since the determined LD50 was 50 times more than the daily dose. The microbial load, elemental and toxic metal contents were also within acceptable limits.This study has shown the possibility of introducing this tea at a safe dose as an additional herbal remedy for the management of diabetes.

Torrefaction of combustible construction and demolition waste: Evolution of fuel performance, heavy metal migration and combustion characteristics

Combustible construction solid wastes (CSW) derived from construction and demolition (C&D) wastes is an important part for waste-to-energy system. Torrefaction experiment of five CSW components involving plastic (PL), wood (WD), textile (TX), paper and board (PB), and rubber (RB) were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at torrefaction temperature of 200–400 °C and holding time of 30 min. Fuel properties and heavy metal migration of CSW components via torrefaction are characterized by proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, caloric value determination, and the determination of heavy metal contents in solid, liquid and gas products. Combustion characteristics of CSW components and their torrefied solid products were evaluated by TG-FTIR method. The obtained results indicated that torrefaction has a significant influence on volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and H/C and O/C molar ratios of CSW components. The ash content in high ash CSW components increases and energy yield decreases significantly when torrefaction temperature is larger than 250 °C. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Cu and Mn in CSW components is partly migrated into the liquid products, but Hg and As are almost entirely present in the liquid products at different torrefaction temperatures. The combustible index and burnout index of PL, WD, PB and RB decrease gradually when torrefaction temperature is more than 250 °C, and the lower yields of SO2, NO, HCl, CH4 and CO of torrefied CSW are achieved at torrefaction temperature of 250 °C. The optimum torrefaction temperature of 250 °C is proposed for improving fuel properties, heavy metal migration and combustion characteristics of CSW components.

Bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loid)s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern.

Toxic metals and freshwater fish's metalloid contamination are significant environmental concerns for overall public health. However, the bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loids) in freshwater fishes from Bangladesh still remain unknown. Thus, the As, Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in various freshwater fish species from the Rupsha River basin were measured, including Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Mystus vittatus, Glossogobius giuris, and Pseudeutropius atherinoides. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine metal concentrations. The mean concentrations of metal(loids) in the fish muscle (mg/kg) were found to be As (1.53) > Pb (1.25) > Cr (0.51) > Cd (0.39) in summer and As (1.72) > Pb (1.51) > Cr (0.65) > Cd (0.49) in winter. The analyzed fish species had considerably different metal(loid) concentrations with seasonal variation, and the distribution of the metals (loids) was consistent with the normal distribution. The demersal species, M. vittatus, displayed the highest bio-accumulative value over the summer. However, in both seasons, none of the species were bio-accumulative. According to multivariate statistical findings, the research area's potential sources of metal(loid) were anthropogenic activities linked to geogenic processes. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were used to assess the influence of the risk on human health. The consumers' THQs values were < 1, indicating that there were no non-carcinogenic concerns for local consumers. Both categories of customers had CRs that fell below the permissible range of 1E - 6 to 1E - 4, meaning they were not at any increased risk of developing cancer. The children's group was more vulnerable to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards. Therefore, the entry of metal(loids) must be regulated, and appropriate laws must be used by policymakers.

Determination of physicochemical parameters and heavy metals content of water samples from domestic and Kaduna River in Kaduna Metropolis, Kaduna State

Water is very essential for the survival of all living things both plants and animals depend on the availability of water. The aim of this work is to determine the physicochemical parameters and heavy metals content of water samples from domestic and Kaduna River in Kaduna metropolis. Standard method were used for physicochemical parameters and atomic absorption spectrophotometer were used for heavy metals of the water samples. The range of temperature (25.1±0.78°C and 27.6±0.21°C), pH value (6.30±0.29 and 8.46±0.06), turbidity (5.05±0.07m and 9.94±0.08m), the respective water conductivity were 5.95±0.49μS/cm and 98.0±2.82μS/cm, the TDS (4.15±0.35mg/l and 0.71±0.01mg/l), DO content recorded (1.18±0.01mg/l and 8.55±0.12mg/l), COD value were 1.08±0.11mg/l and 6.81±0.11mg/l and BOD (1.08±0.11mg/l and 6.81±0.11 mg/l) domestic and Kaduna River. In heavy metals, copper and cobalt concentrations were higher in domestic and Kaduna River water. The concentration of Zinc in domestic water (0.090±0.044ppm) was higher than that observed in Kaduna River (0.027±0.004ppm). Lead were 0.264±0.011ppm and 0.129±0.07ppm, Cadmium were 0.331±0.013ppm and 0.329±0.019ppm, respectively. The results showed that the water analyzed from domestic and Kaduna River water were within limit except chemical oxygen demand which was below, lead, cadmium and cobalt were above.

Determination of Heavy Metal Content: Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Cyano-Phycocyanin Isolated from the Cyanobacterial Biomass.

Cyano-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a light-absorbing biliprotein found in cyanobacteria, commonly known as blue-green algae. Due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, this protein is a promising substance in medicine and pharmaceuticals. However, cyanobacteria tend to bind heavy metals from the environment, making it necessary to ensure the safety of C-PC for the development of pharmaceutical products, with C-PC isolated from naturally collected cyanobacterial biomass. This study aimed to determine the content of the most toxic heavy metals, arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb) in C-PC isolated from different cyanobacterial biomasses collected in the Kaunas Lagoon during 2019-2022, and compare them with the content of heavy metals in C-PC isolated from cultivated Spirulina platensis (S. platensis). Cyanobacteria of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (A. flos-aquae) dominated the biomass collected in 2019, while the genus Microcystis dominated the biomasses collected in the years 2020 and 2022. Heavy metals were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). ICP-MS analysis revealed higher levels of the most investigated heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and As) in C-PC isolated from the biomass with the dominant Microcystis spp. compared to C-PC isolated from the biomass with the predominant A. flos-aquae. Meanwhile, C-PC isolated from cultivated S. platensis exhibited lower concentrations of As and Pb than C-PC isolated from naturally collected cyanobacterial biomass.

Heavy metals distribution in the bottom sediments of Nizampatnam Bay -Lankevanidibba Coast, East Coast of India

This study determined metal concentrations in the bottom sediment of the Nizampatnam Bay-Lankevanidibba Coast, East Coast of India. Also, the heavy metal pollution load index (PLI), enrichment factor (E.F.), and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were calculated for sediments from the Nizampatnam Bay-Lankevanidibba Coast on the East Coast of India. It was observed that metal concentrations in river entry sediment were lower. Still, those in river entry water were higher than corresponding values on the Nizampatnam Bay-Lankevanidibba Coast, East Coast of India. Heavy metal concentrations (ppm) in the bottom sediments have been studied to establish their concentration in Fe (ppm). The concentration of heavy metals is measured using ICP-OES instruments. It observes that heavy metal concentrations in the sediments meet the criteria of international marine sediment quality. However, the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (E.F.), and pollution load index (PLI) values suggested the elevation of a few region's metal concentrations. It continuously monitors the Nizampatnam Bay-Lankavanidibba coast and sediment to minimize the risk to population health and the detrimental impacts on the aquatic ecosystem. The pollutant levels for pre-monsoon and post-monsoon studies are compared in this work.

Determination of Metal Content by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry in Polish Red and White Wine Samples in Relation to Their Type, Origin, Grape Variety and Health Risk Assessment.

The main objective of the research was to assess the influence of selected factors (type of wine, grape variety, origin, alcohol content and daily consumption) on the concentration levels of 26 elements in 53 Polish wine samples, also using chemometric analysis tools. Concentration of Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, V, Zn and Zr was analyzed by ICP-MS, while concentration of Ca, Na, K and Mg was determined by ICP-OES. White wines were characterized by higher concentrations of Al, As, Be, Ca, Co, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Na, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, Zn and Zr (mean values: 0.075-86,403 μg·L-1 in white wines, 0.069-81,232 μg·L-1 in red wines). Red wines were characterized by higher concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr, K, Mn, Se and Sr (mean values: 0.407-1,160,000 μg·L-1 in white wines, 0.448-1,521,363 μg·L-1 in red wines). The results obtained for the health risk assessment indices, including the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ, mean values per glass of wine: 2.097 × 10-5 (Cr)-0.041 (B) in all wines), indicate that the analyzed elements do not show a potential toxic effect resulting from wine consumption. The chemometric analysis confirmed that elements such as Li, Ti, Ca, Mn, Sr, Ba, Zn, Mg, Cu, Se and B were closely related to local conditions and soil properties, and the presence of Fe, Cr, V and Pb was related to contamination of the soil.

Bacteria associated with Zn-hyperaccumulators Arabidopsis halleri and Arabidopsis arenosa from Zn–Pb–Cd waste heaps in Poland as promising tools for bioremediation

To identify metal adapted bacteria equipped with traits positively influencing the growth of two hyperaccumulator plant species Arabidopsis arenosa and Arabidopsis halleri, we isolated bacteria inhabiting rhizosphere and vegetative tissues (roots, basal and stem leaves) of plants growing on two old Zn–Pb–Cd waste heaps in Bolesław and Bukowno (S. Poland), and characterized their potential plant growth promoting (PGP) traits as well as determined metal concentrations in rhizosphere and plant tissues. To determine taxonomic position of 144 bacterial isolates, 16S rDNA Sanger sequencing was used. A metabolic characterization of isolated strains was performed in vitro using PGP tests. A. arenosa and A. halleri accumulate high amounts of Zn in their tissues, especially in stem leaves. Among in total 22 identified bacterial taxa, the highest level of the taxonomical diversity (H’ = 2.01) was revealed in A. halleri basal leaf endophytes originating from Bukowno waste heap area. The 96, 98, 99, and 98% of investigated strains showed tolerant to Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu, respectively. Generally, higher percentages of bacteria could synthesize auxins, siderophores, and acetoin as well as could solubilize phosphate. Nine of waste heap origin bacterial strains were tolerant to toxic metals, showed in vitro PGP traits and are potential candidates for bioremediation.

Food Safety Level Assessment on Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Ti) Concentration in Tilapia Fish (&lt;i&gt;Oreochromis&lt;/i&gt; sp.) from Sleman and Bantul Yogyakarta

Research on Concentration of Heavy Metals (As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Ti) in tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) from Sleman and Bantul and The Food Safety Level was studied. The aims of this research were to determine heavy metals concentration in tilapia fish, discover the correlations between metal and morphometric factors in tilapia fish, and determine food safety level intake of tilapia fish to be consumed per week. Determining metal concentrations in tilapia fish were using ICP-MS instrument, which the samples were dried using freeze dryer and destructed using microwave digester. The concentrations obtained were utilized to determine correlations between metal and morphometric factors, and measure Maximum Weekly Intake, Maximum Tolerable Intake, and food safety level intake per week. Based on research, the results showed metal accumulation in tilapia fish (Oreochromis sp.) from the largest to the smallest value for Bantul area was Ti, As, Ni, Pb, Li, Cd and for Sleman was Ti, As, Ni, Pb, Cd, Li. Concentration of As metal shows higher content than the threshold limit standards. Heavy metal accumulation was found in tilapia body that has positive and negative correlations between As metal and morphometrics in tilapia fish. Based on the measurement, food safety level intake tilapia fish for one adult is 1096 fish/week.

Assessment of Vinca rosea (Apocynaceae) Potentiality for Remediation of Crude Petroleum Oil Pollution of Soil

Petroleum oil pollution is a worldwide problem that results from the continuous exploration, production, and consumption of oil and its products. Petroleum hydrocarbons are produced as a result of natural or anthropogenic practices, and their common source is anthropogenic activities, which impose adverse effects on the ecosystem’s nonliving and living components including humans. Phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-polluted soils is an evolving, low-cost, and effective alternative technology to most traditional remediation methods. The objective of this study is to evaluate the phytoremediation potentiality of Vinca rosea for crude oil-contaminated soil by understanding its properties and involvement in the enhanced degradation of crude oil. The remediation potentiality was determined by evaluating the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation percentage (TPH%) and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions. TPH% was estimated gravimetrically, and changes in the molecular type composition of saturated and aromatic fractions were measured using gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Sulfur concentration was measured using X-ray fluorescence. Cadmium and lead quantification was measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results revealed that V. rosea enhanced total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation and altered the molecular composition of the crude oil. The saturated hydrocarbons increased and the aromatic hydrocarbons decreased. The saturated hydrocarbon fraction in the crude oil showed a wider spectrum of n-paraffin peaks than the oil extracted from unplanted and V. rosea-planted soils. Polyaromatic hydrocarbon degradation was enhanced in the presence of V. rosea, which was reflected in the increase of monoaromatic and diaromatic constituents. This was parallel to the increased sulfur levels in planted soil. The determination of sulfur and heavy metal content in plant organs indicated that V. rosea can extract and accumulate high amounts from polluted soils. The ability of V. rosea to degrade TPH and alter the composition of crude petroleum oil by decreasing the toxicity of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in soil, as well as its capability to absorb and accumulate sulfur and heavy metals, supports the use of plant species for the phytoremediation of crude oil-polluted sites.

Determination of heavy metal content in water, sediment and some macrophyte species, iron reeds, Bitlis-Türkiye case study

Determination of heavy metal content in water, sediment and some macrophyte species, iron reeds, Bitlis-Türkiye case study