Determination Of Iron Content Research Articles

Shelf Life of Minced Pork in Vacuum-Adsorbed Carvacrol@Natural Zeolite Nanohybrids and Poly-Lactic Acid/Triethyl Citrate/Carvacrol@Natural Zeolite Self-Healable Active Packaging Films.

Enhancing food preservation and safety using environmentally friendly techniques is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to develop food packaging films using biodegradable poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) as biopolymer and carvacrol (CV) essential oil as an antioxidant/antibacterial agent for the replacement of chemical additives. CV was adsorbed onto natural zeolite (NZ) via a new vacuum adsorption method. The novel nanohybrid CV@NZ with a high CV content contained 61.7%wt. CV. Pure NZ and the CV@NZ nanohybrid were successfully dispersed in a PLA/triethyl citrate (TEC) matrix via a melt extrusion process to obtain PLA/TEC/xCV@NZ and PLA/TEC/xNZ nanocomposite films with 5, 10, and 15%wt CV@NZ or pure NZ content. The optimum resulting film PLA/TEC/10CV@NZ contained 10%wt. CV@NZ and exhibited self-healable properties, 22% higher tensile strength, 40% higher elongation at break, 45% higher water barrier, and 40% higher oxygen barrier than the pure PLA/TEC matrix. This film also had a high CV release content, high CV control release rate as well as 2.15 mg/L half maximal effective concentration (EC50) and 0.27 mm and 0.16 mm inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica ssp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, respectively. This film not only succeeded in extending the shelf life of fresh minced pork, as shown by the total viable count measurements in four days but also prevented the lipid oxidation of fresh minced pork and provided higher nutritional values of the minced meat, as revealed by the heme iron content determination. It also had much better and acceptable sensory characteristics than the commercial packaging paper.

Identification and validation of stemness-based and ferroptosis-related molecular clusters in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy with an extremely poor prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be responsible for the poor survival, recurrence and therapy resistance of PDAC. Ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the sustain and survival of CSCs. Here, we employed a rigorous evaluation of multiple datasets to identify a novel stemness-based and ferroptosis-related genes (SFRGs) signature to access the potential prognostic application. This work we retrieved RNA-sequencing and clinical annotation data from the TCGA, ICGC, GTEx and GEO database, and acquired 26 stem cell gene sets and 259 ferroptosis genes from StemChecker database and FerrDb database, respectively. Based on consensus clustering and ssGSEA analysis, we identified two expression patterns of CSCs traits (C1 and C2). Then, WGCNA analysis was implemented to screen out hub module genes correlated with stemness. Furthermore, differential expression analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and the Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression were performed to identify the SFRGs and to construct model. In addition, the differences in prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME) components and therapy responses were evaluated between two risk groups. Finally, we verified the most influential marker ARNTL2 experimentally by western blot, qRT-PCR, sphere formation assay, mitoscreen assay, intracellular iron concentration determination and MDA determination assays. In conclusion, we developed a stemness-based and ferroptosis-related prognostic model, which could help predict overall survival for PDAC patients. Targeting ferroptosis may be a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit PDAC progression by suppressing CSCs.

Development of facile field-test paper for rapid determination of iron contamination in natural water of acid sulfate soils

Abstract The iron concentration in natural water of acid sulfate soils is usually determined by complicated methods of SMEWW 3111B:2017 or ISO 6332: 1988 E in the laboratory for acidified water samples at pH ∼2–3. Therefore, the rapid field determination of iron content in natural water is a very useful method because it limits the error and reduces the experimental time for analysis. In this study, we proposed, developed, and tested a rapid colorimetric analysis method based on the chemical reaction of ferric and anion thiocyanate (SCN−) ions for an iron concentration range of 0–100 mg/L with a linear equation of ΔE = 0.5955x + 2.0909 and high correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9864. The results from 10 water samples by this method were very close to those by flame absorption spectroscopy with a difference of less than 5%. Besides the biggest advantage of rapid site testing, this method also gives quite high accuracy compared to the molecular absorption method of ISO 6332:1988 E. In addition, this new method can quantify Fe3+, Fe2+, and total iron in water, suggesting a very useful and potential method for determining the iron content of natural water from acid sulfate soils.

Iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main health issues that has an impact on cognitive function, physical ability, immune function, and reproductive performance. Therefore, this study focused on the determination of iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the average daily intake of iron via consumption of these plants. The plant samples were prepared by wet digestion with nitric acid (HNO3), and iron content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentration of Fe ranged from 41.97 mg/kg for Brassica oleracea var. acephala to 338.73 mg/kg for Spinacia oleracea. Daily intakes for different leafy plants were also calculated. The leafy plants were arranged by daily iron intake in the following decreasing order Spinacia oleracea > Beta vulgaris > Atriplex hortensis > Urtica dioica > Brassica oleracea var. acephala. Results from this study indicate that leafy plants can be a significant source of iron. The findings conclusively suggest that our local leafy plants are good source of iron through diet.

Preparation, Biological Activities, and Application of Plant Polysaccharide Iron Complexes: A Review

AbstractIron is an essential trace element in the human body. Iron deficiency can lead to iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and induce various diseases. Hence, it is urgent to find an iron supplement with minimal side effects and good iron supplementation effect. Natural polysaccharides from plants have various biological activities such as antioxidant, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory, etc. Increasing research has shown that polysaccharides modified with iron can enhance their biological activities. Among them, polysaccharide iron complex (PIC) has significant anti‐anemia activity. With the powerfully development of PIC, increasing research has found that PIC showed some advantages, including good water solubility, high bioavailability, low gastrointestinal irritation, and high iron content. Therefore, PIC has received widespread attention. Currently, PIC is widely used in various fields such as agriculture, animal husbandry, and clinical treatment. However, there are limited reports on the preparation, biological activities, and applications of PIC. This paper systematically reviews the preparation methods, iron content determination methods, biological activities, and applications of PIC. The results provide important references for the deep development and utilization of PIC.

An Analytical Method for Determination of Total Iron in Pharmaceuticalgrade Intravenous Iron Colloidal Complexes by Redox-Potentiometry.

Iron carbohydrate complexes are colloidal dispersions made up of polynuclear Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide cores surrounded by a carbohydrate shell that stabilizes the complex in iron colloidal formulations. The current study provides an improved method that is precise, accurate, and linear for quantifying total iron in most Iron Carbohydrate Colloid Drug Products. Redox iodometry with a potentiometric determination is used to evaluate total iron in intravenous formulations. The visual indicator approach is more prone to fluctuations at endpoint calculations. Hence, the voltage potential approach is widely accepted as it is more accurate and sensitive. It tracks the actual change in activity that coincides with the equivalence point that is finally considered an endpoint. The principle is based on the idea that ferric iron in formulation reduces to ferrous iron in the presence of the iodide, which oxidizes to iodine. The released iodine is titrated using sodium thiosulfate. The proposed method was precise, with %RSD (relative standard deviation) not more than 1. The method was linear between 80% and 120%, with a linear regression of 0.999. The percent recovery ranged from 98.20 to 99.98 for the concentration ranges of 80-120. The method's robustness was checked by various analysts using different reagent grades. The proposed potentiometric determination method was precise, accurate, linear, and sensitive. The method was successfully validated, and the total iron content determined for commercial batches agrees with the iron claim on the label. Therefore, this method can be adapted widely for total iron content determination in any Intravenous formulation currently available on the market. The proposed method is more accessible at the Quality Control facilities on an industrial scale.

Rapid Determination of Iron Content in Hematite by Differential Raman Spectroscopy

Rapid Determination of Iron Content in Hematite by Differential Raman Spectroscopy

Biomimetic-compartmented nanoprobe for in-situ imaging of iron storage and release from ferritin in cells

Ferritin plays an important role in regulating the homeostasis of iron in cells by storing/releasing iron. Current methods usually explored the determination of iron content, but in-situ imaging of the iron storage/release from ferritin in cells cannot be achieved. Hence, an engineered self-assembled biomimetic-compartmented nanoprobe (APO@CDs) has been constructed. The protein shell of APO (apoferritin) acted as ion channel module to control iron ions entering/exiting ferritin cavity; the inner core of CDs (carbon dots) acted as signal module for iron ions response. Compared with CDs, the response sensitivity and specificity to iron ions (Fe3+) have been improved by using APO@CDs, and the cytotoxicity was significantly reduced. Additionally, compared with cells containing APO@CDs alone, the normalized fluorescence gray value of Fe3+-treated cells was significantly decreased (0.275), indicating that Fe3+ has effectively entered the ferritin. Furtherly, that of Fe3+-treated cells incubated with deferoxamine (DFO) was significantly enhanced (0.712), showing that Fe3+ was released from ferritin under the mediation of DFO. The results demonstrate that APO@CDs can be successfully applied to in-situ imaging of iron storage/release from ferritin in cells, providing a potential platform for the in-situ dynamic study of the iron storage/release in biomedical field.

Determination of Iron Content, Potassium, Calcium, and Sodium In Chinese Date Fruit (Ziziphus Jujuba Miller.) Fresh and Boiled In Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry

Chinese dates fruit are generally used by the people of Indonesia as a fruit that has a fairly good nutritional value, namely every 100 g of Chinese dates fruit contain 79 kcal of energy, 1.2 g protein, 20.23 g carbohydrates, 250 mg potassium, 21 mg calcium, 23 mg. phosphorus, 0.5 mg iron, 3 mg sodium, 10 mg magnesium, 0.1 vitamin B6 and 69 mg vitamin C. Chinese dates fruit are foods that are rich in fiber, so they can lower blood cholesterol and cure chronic constipation. In addition, Chinese dates fruit are foods with good sources of potassium. Adequate potassium intake can lower blood pressure so that it can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. High iron content can also prevent anemia. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the content of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium in fresh and boiled Chinese dates fruit fruit, and to determine the percentage decrease in levels after boiling.
 The method used in this study included dry digestion, then quantitative analysis of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium was carried out using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) method, namely iron at a wavelength of 248.3 nm, for potassium 766.5 nm, to calcium 422.7 nm, and sodium 589.0 nm.
 The results showed that the iron content in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit was (0.6687 ± 0.0084) mg/100 g and boiled (0.3285 ± 0.0127) mg/100 g. Potassium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (657.9024 ± 0.4713) mg/100 g and boiled (158.6504 ± 0.2510) mg/100 g. Calcium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit were (47.3501 ± 1.1630) mg/100 g and boiled (26.3968 ± 0.5922) mg/100 g, and sodium levels in fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit (16.1272 ± 0.1543) mg/100 g and boiled at (13.4048 ± 0.1973) mg/100 g. The percentage decrease in mineral content in Chinese dates fruit fruit after boiling, for iron was 50.87%, potassium 75.88%, calcium 44.25%; and 16.88% sodium.
 Statistically different test of the average mineral levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium using the T distribution, it can be concluded that fresh Chinese dates fruit fruit contain higher levels of iron, potassium, calcium, and sodium minerals than boiled Chinese dates fruit.

Development of a Sensitive and Selective Optical Sensor for Measuring Ultra‐Trace Amounts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions in Water

AbstractA smart spectrophotometric method for the analytical determination of iron concentration in whichever oxidation state was developed using a novel optical sensor. The optical sensor was prepared by direct immobilization of novel synthesized chromophore, 5‐(((1,10‐phenanthrolin‐5‐yl)imino)methyl)‐2‐hydroxybenzoic acid (Phimhb) onto mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNSs). The novel Phimhb chromophore has two sites, one is selective to Fe(II) ions and the other is selective to Fe(III) ions. The ions′ color can be seen with the human eye and monitored using spectrophotometric techniques or a smartphone. The influence of several parameters on the evaluation of iron ions content was studied and optimized. The proposed method was validated in terms of LOD, LOQ, linearity, and precision according to ICH guidelines. The optical Phimhb sensor has wide linear dynamic ranges with low detection limits of 4.94 ppb (1.83×10−7 mol L−1) and 10.4 ppb (3.85×10−7 mol L−1) for Fe(II) and Fe(III), respectively. The response time of this sensor for both ions was 60 s. The Phimhb sensor could be reproduced multiple times and used with a higher capacity each time. The effect of potential interfering ions on the estimation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) was investigated. The outcomes clarified that the prepared Phimhb sensor was very selective to Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions. Therefore, the Phimhb sensor had been successfully used in the determination of Fe(II) and Fe(III) in real water even without any pre‐concentration, it has high specificity.

PIXE analysis of iron in rabbit cerebellum after exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.

We investigated iron accumulation and the possible mechanisms in the rabbit cerebellum after the exposure to the real GSM and generated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) and particles induced X-ray emission (PIXE). Four groups of rabbits were exposed to the real EMF, generated EMF, combination of both the real and generated signals and the control group with no exposition. For determination of iron concentration in the four groups of cerebellum samples ICP MS was used. Iron accumulation in samples by PIXE analysis using the 3 MeV proton beam was carried out. Iron concentration measured by ICP MS revealed no significant differences for all the groups. PIXE results showed a focal accumulation of iron with the size up to 3 mm. Highest concentration of iron after exposure to real signal was observed. We suggest that the iron accumulation after the exposure to RF ELF is not the result of higher permeability of blood-brain barrier and leaking out of iron from the bloodstream into the brain cells and tissues. It could be the result of an iron actuation and its redistribution in the tissue (Fig. 2, Ref. 86).

Influence Factors and Elimination on Iron Content Using ICP-AES Method in Oilfield Produced Water

ICP-AES method can be used to determine multiple metallic elements simultaneously, and has the advantages of high sensitivity, good repeatability and high accuracy. In the paper, the detection limit of iron content was determined by stepwise dilution method. The influence of the cationic concentration on the determination of iron element was studied, and the matrix matching method was proposed to eliminate the influence. The results show that, the determination limit of Iron element is 0.01 mg·L-1. Because the other cationic content is several times or even tens of times as much as iron ions, it has a great influence on the determination results of Iron element. The effects of cationic concentration can be effectively eliminated by establishing a standard curve using matrix matching. After digestion pretreatment on the oil and gas field produce water, The standard adding recovery rate was between 95% and 105%, and the RSD is less than 4%. Compare this method with o-phenanthroline spectrophotometry, its relative error is within 5%. Therefore, ICP-AES method can fully meet the requirements of determination of iron content in oil field produce water, and greatly improves the efficiency and accuracy of the laboratory analysis of oil and as field wastewater.

Dual Reactive Oxygen Species Generator Independent of Light and Oxygen for Tumor Imaging and Catalytic Therapy

Dual Reactive Oxygen Species Generator Independent of Light and Oxygen for Tumor Imaging and Catalytic Therapy

A Friendly Complexing Agent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Total Iron.

Iron, one of the most common metals in the environment, plays a fundamental role in many biological as well as biogeochemical processes, which determine its availability in different oxidation states. Its relevance in environmental and industrial chemistry, human physiology, and many other fields has made it necessary to develop and optimize analysis techniques for accurate determination. Spectrophotometric methods are the most frequently applied in the analytical determination of iron in real samples. Taking advantage of the fact that desferrioxamine B, a trihydroxamic acid used since the 1970s in chelation therapy for iron overload treatment, forms a single stable 1:1 complex with iron in whichever oxidation state it can be found, a smart spectrophotometric method for the analytical determination of iron concentration was developed. In particular, the full compliance with the Lambert-Beer law, the range of iron concentration, the influence of pH, and the interference of other metal ions have been taken into account. The proposed method was validated in terms of LoD, LoQ, linearity, precision, and trueness, and has been applied for total iron determination in natural water certified material and in biological reference materials such as control human urine and control serum.

Iron Content as an Indicator for Legionella Species in Artificial Water Systems

Background: Legionella have emerged as a pathogenic group due to increased use and poor maintenanceof artificial water environments. World Health Organization considers Legionella associated diseases tobe underestimated, especially in developing countries due to difficulty in detection. The aim of this studywas isolation and culture of Legionella spp. from artificial water systems and to test the importance of ironconcentration which can be developed as a reliable chemical marker.Method: Thirty samples each were collected from drinking water coolers, cooling towers and shower headsfitted in different houses of Mangaluru city. Isolation and identification of the bacteria were carried out as perthe standard protocols followed by determination of iron content prescribed by IS 3025 (Part 53).Conclusion: Our study shows that concentrations of iron, is an important factor that increases the likelihoodof Legionella spp. Statistically, a concentration of 300 mg Fe/L shows a positive correlation with Legionellapresence. Therefore, monitoring suspect sites for iron concentration and chelation of available iron, canbe developed as respective assays for identifying Legionella spp. Furthermore, we show that PCR baseddetection of Legionella is a more robust method than the classical 3-plate method, especially for virulentstrains.

Determinação do Teor de Ferro Utilizando o Aplicativo PhotoMetrix PRO®: a Tecnologia a favor do Ensino de Química

Determinação do Teor de Ferro Utilizando o Aplicativo PhotoMetrix PRO®: a Tecnologia a favor do Ensino de Química

Determination of Iron Content in the Products of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Lithium Aluminates by Means of Molecular and Atomic Spectroscopy

Determination of Iron Content in the Products of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Lithium Aluminates by Means of Molecular and Atomic Spectroscopy

Determination of Iron Content in the Products of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Lithium Aluminates by Means of Molecular and Atomic Spectroscopy

Determination of Iron Content in the Products of Mechanochemical Synthesis of Lithium Aluminates by Means of Molecular and Atomic Spectroscopy

Prediction of iron content in soil based on microspectrophotometry analysis

Soil is a very important type of trace evidence. The iron content of soil is of great significance in distinguishing soil types, discriminating among different soils, and tracing soils. However, conventional methods for analyzing the iron content of soil are expensive, laborious, and time-consuming. Previous studies have shown that the color of soil correlates well with its hematite content. This article thus deals with the indirect determination of iron content using soil color as a proxy. Soil color measurements were conducted using microspectrophotometry (MSP), and resulting data were transformed into chromaticity value (L*, a*, and b*). Predictions using the redness index in conjunction with a linear regression model were compared with those using the chromaticity value and a back propagation neural network (BPNN) model. The influences of different modeling conditions on the modeling accuracy were compared, and more accurate predictions were achieved when the iron content was higher than 2.13%. The BPNN model produced predictions with R2 and RMSE values of 0.955 and 0.336%, which were better than the predictions of the linear regression model (R2: 0.859, RMSE, 1.07%). We thus demonstrated that MSP can be used for fast, accurate, and non-destructive measurements of soil color and prediction of its iron content. Although the results may not be as precise as conventional laboratory analysis, they still provide more information with acceptable accuracy, which should have promising applications in forensic applications.

Rapid determination of iron concentration in wastewater using color band formation

High concentrations of iron ions in water bodies cause odour and discolouration due to their precipitation. The total iron ion concentration is generally analysed on-site by forming coloured compounds and measuring colour intensity with spectrophotometric or visual analysis. In this work, we developed a detection tube as an alternative simple analytical method, where the total iron ion concentration is measured not by colour but by an objective parameter called the colour band length (CBL). Tiron was selected as the colouring agent since it oxidises divalent iron ions into a trivalent state and reacts with trivalent iron ions to form a 3:1 anion complex in alkaline media, giving a red colour. The coloured solution penetrates the detection tube by capillarity, and the colour band is formed by the entrapment of the hydrophobic ion pair of iron-tiron complex and quaternary ammonium ions of the adsorbent filled in the tube. The CBL was found to correlate well with the total iron ion concentration quantitatively under the optimized measurement condition, and 5 to 40 mg-FeL−1 solutions could be measured with good objectivity and precision.