Determination Of Hydrogen Cyanide Research Articles

Evaluation of Hydrogen Cyanide in the Blood of Fire Victims Based on the Kinetics of the Reaction with Ninhydrin

An original kinetic spectrophotometric procedure was developed for the determination of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the whole blood of fire victims. Cyanide poisoning by smoke inhalation is common in forensic medicine, but the blood HCN of fire victims has not been studied in detail so far. In this research project, we developed a simple, fast, sensitive, and selective quantification method for both free and metabolized HCN based on the kinetics of cyanide reaction with ninhydrin. The method was linear in range, from 0.26 to 2.6 μg mL−1, with a coefficient of determination of r = 0.994. A high molar absorptivity of 4.95 × 105 L mol−1 cm−1 was calculated under the reaction conditions. The limit of quantification was 0.052 μg mL−1; the detection limit was 0.012 μg mL−1 and the standard error was ±2.7%. This micro method proved to be accurate, sensitive, and selective and has been successfully applied to the analysis of blood samples, allowing rapid monitoring of blood cyanide in several fire victims.

Определение парциальной плотности циановодорода при пожарах на объектах энергетики

Определение парциальной плотности циановодорода при пожарах на объектах энергетики

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in residential ambient air using SPME coupled with GC–MS

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is commonly released into the atmosphere from vehicle emissions, biomass burning and industrial processes such as gold mining, pesticide production, and chemical manufacturing. The aim of this study was to quantify the ambient HCN concentration in a residential area close to a gold mine using solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and calculate it's potential health risks. Air samples were collected at a distance of 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 km away from the gold mine. All cyanide compounds were extracted using 75 μm carbowax/polydimethylsiloxane-coated SPME fibre and analysed using GC–MS. Calibration curve was constructed using standard concentrations ranged between 5 and 500 μg L−1. This method showed good linearity (r2 = 0.999) and accuracy (recoveries = 84–119%), reproducibility (relative standard deviation < 11.5%) and the LOD was 0.16 ppbv. HCN was detected in 68% of samples ranging between 0.16 and 8.56 ppbv. HCN concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.05) for samples taken at 0.1 km away from the gold mine compared to concentrations at 1.0 and 2.0 km. The non-carcinogenic risk of HCN from air inhalation was negligible as the calculated hazard quotient was less than 1. The method used in this study was sensitive enough to detect ambient HCN concentrations at levels which were below the reference concentration for long term inhalation exposure by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.72 ppbv) and it used simpler and less time consuming method compared to the conventional sample preparation method, enabling rapid community exposure assessment.

A new hydrogen cyanide chemiresistor gas sensor based on graphene quantum dots

ABSTRACTGraphene quantum dots (GQDs), synthesised via controlled carbonisation of citric acid, were reduced by hydrazine hydrate and then used as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas sensors. Checking of the reduction step by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques revealed that most of the oxygen-containing functional groups were removed from the GQDs. It was observed the reduction process is necessary for sensitising of GQDs for HCN gas. The electrical resistance of the reduced GQDs was increased as a result of their exposure to HCN gas. Accepting a p-type semiconducting characteristic for GQD material, the above-mentioned behaviour suggested electron donation from HCN to GQD. The sensor response to HCN gas was reversible, suggesting a reversible adsorption/desorption phenomenon of HCN to the GQDs. The response as well as the recovery time of the sensor was different depending on the HCN concentration tested. The developed sensor showed linear HCN response from 1 to 100 ppm. The detection limit of the sensor was estimated to be 0.6 ppm (S/N). Relative standard deviation f HCN determination by the developed sensor was calculated to be 5.7% (n = 4, [HCN] = 50 ppm). The sensor response was did not vary significantly within 6 months.

Sampling and determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette smoke

A method for sampling and determination of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette smoke is described. Cigarette smoke is filtered through a glass fiber filter paper, and only gaseous compounds, such as hydrogen cyanide, are collected in a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. The cyanide is determined spectrophotometrically at 550 nm by the isonicotinic acid–pyrazolone method. Maximum absorbance is achieved within 10 min at room temperature, and remains constant for about 20 min. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.04∼0.80 μg mL–1 cyanide, with a molar absorptivity of 3.48 × 104 L mol–1 cm–1.

An impregnated filter sampling approach for determination of hydrogen cyanide in air by a kinetic-fluorimetric micellar method

A new hydrogen cyanide collecting device based on the use of borosilicated micro-fibreglass filters impregnated with sodium hydroxide was proposed and its performance assessed. It was used for the determination of hydrogen cyanide in air by a kinetic-fluorimetric method within the 5–600 ng ml–1 range. The proposed method is based on the catalytic effect of cyanide on the oxidation of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PALP) by dissolved oxygen in the cationic micellar medium afforded by dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB). The reaction was monitored by measuring the fluorescence of the oxidation product [4-pyridoxic acid 5-phosphate (PAP)]. The improved sensitivity provided by DTAB micelles was due to an increase in the quantum yield of PAP when it was concentrated on the DTAB micellar surface, resulting in an apparently increased reaction rate. The relative standard deviation for 50 ng ml–1 of cyanide was 1.7%. Common interferences, such as those arising from carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx), were found not to affect the hydrogen cyanide determination. The interference from hydrogen sulfide could be detected (e.g. the kinetic curve recorded showed an induction period) and amended.

USA — Acetylene interference with hydrogen cyanide determination by selective ion electrode: In ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. (28/7 (1394–1396) 1994)) W.C. Lin, J.O.L. Wendt, J.A. Cole and J.E. Rumbaugh of the University of Arizona, Tucson report on “Acetylene interference with hydrogen cyanide determination by selective ion electrode”

USA — Acetylene interference with hydrogen cyanide determination by selective ion electrode: In ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL. (28/7 (1394–1396) 1994)) W.C. Lin, J.O.L. Wendt, J.A. Cole and J.E. Rumbaugh of the University of Arizona, Tucson report on “Acetylene interference with hydrogen cyanide determination by selective ion electrode”

Acetylene Interference with Hydrogen Cyanide Determination by Selective Ion Electrode

Acetylene Interference with Hydrogen Cyanide Determination by Selective Ion Electrode

Extractive Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Environmental Samples Using 4-Amino Salicylic Acid

Abstract A new spectrophotometric determination of the widely used fumigant hydrogen cyanide in air is described. The method is based on Konig reaction. The hydrogen cyanide from air is collected in a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, brominated and reacted with pyridine to form glutaconic aldehyde. This is coupled with 4-aminosalicylic acid to form a yellow orange polymethine dye, which is extractable in n-butanol. The extracted dye shows an absorbance maximum at 520 nm. Beer's law is accomplished in the range of 0.03 to 0.2 mg 1−1. The application of the method for the analysis of hydrogen cyanide in cigarette smoke, cysteine and blood plasma is reported.

Spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen cyanide in air using phloroglucinol

A spectrophotometric determination of hydrogen cyanide in air is described. Hydrogen cyanide from air is collected in dilute sodium hydroxide and then reacted with pyridine forming glutaconic aldehyde. The glutaconic aldehyde thus formed is subsequently coupled with aqueous phloroglucinol solution to form a polymethine red-violet dye having absorbance maxima at 540 nm. The colour system obeys Beer's law in the range of 0.45 to 3.6 mg/m3 of hydrogen cyanide (0.4 to 3.2 μg/g). Collection efficiency of absorbing solution, molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity have been evaluated. All other important analytical parameters have been studied and applied for the determination/detection of hydrogen cyanide in air samples and cigarette smoke.

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in air using mass amplification by heavy ligand replacement on a coated quartz piezoelectric crystal

Piezoelectric crystals coated with bis(pentan-2,4-dionato)nickel are used to detect the presence of hydrogen cyanide in the range 13–93 ppm (10 −4 mol mol −1). The displacement of the heavy ligand pentan-2,4-dione by a light molecule (HCN) yields an increase in sensitivity, compared to simple absorption of the analyte (i.e., mass amplification). A continuous flow system is used at relative humidities of 40–92%. The lifetime of such a device is limited by hydrolysis. Reproducibility from coated-crystal to coated-crystal is poor, probably owing to inconsistencies in coating techniques.

WARNING. Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Air by Ion Chromatography

WARNING. Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide in Air by Ion Chromatography

A RAPID METHOD FOR DETERMINING CYANIDE POTENTIAL IN SASKATOON (Amelanchier alnifolia)

A new method was developed that facilitates the release and determination of hydrogen cyanide from saskatoon tissue. Shrub parts are ground in dry ice and incubated for 1 h in a buffered solution containing hydrolytic enzymes. The incubation mixture is then analyzed directly thereby eliminating the requirement for cyanide distillation or microdiffusion. The method was used to determine the cyanide potential in buds, leaves, twigs and fruit of 24 saskatoon selections, potentially suitable for commercial production. In agreement with previous studies, the results indicate that vegetative parts of saskatoon are potentially hazardous to ruminants but the fruit can be considered innocuous.

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in thermal degradation products of polymeric materials

AbstractThermal degradation products of nitrogen‐containing polymeric materials were analysed for hydrogen cyanide. A spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of cyanides using the formation of a characteristic absorption peak of cyanonickel(II) ion in the ultraviolet spectral region. Pyrolysis and thermooxidation products were studied and conclusions on the reproducibility of the degradation process were drawn. The effect of temperature on the quantity of hydrogen cyanide formed was studied as well.

Tunable Diode Laser Measurement of Hydrogen Cyanide in Smoke

The development of a tunable diode laser system for the puff-by-puff determination of hydrogen cyanide is described. Both spectral line scanning and fixed-frequency monitoring techniques are utilized for quantitative measurements on mechanically diluted cigarettes. It is shown that such mechanical dilution leads to significantly greater reductions in hydrogen cyanide delivery than expected from static dilution measurements.

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in blood using gas chromatography with alkali thermionic detection.

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of hydrogen cyanide in blood using gas chromatography with alkali thermionic detectionR. W. Darr, T. L. Capson, and F. D. HilemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 8, 1379–1381Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50058a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (374 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

Automated determination ofhydrogen cyanide acroleinand total aldehydes in the gasphase of tobacco smoke

Automated determination ofhydrogen cyanide acroleinand total aldehydes in the gasphase of tobacco smoke

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in combustion gases by a four-channel continuous analyzer

Determination of hydrogen cyanide in combustion gases by a four-channel continuous analyzer

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen by Gas Chromatography.

Determination of Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanogen by Gas Chromatography.

(103)検知管によるガス分析法の研究(第5報)シアン化水素の迅速定量法

(103)検知管によるガス分析法の研究(第5報)シアン化水素の迅速定量法