Correct Determination Research Articles

Impact of Temperature and Nanoparticle Concentration on Turbulent Forced Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids

Theoretical analysis of the influence of nanoparticles and temperature on the average Nusselt (Nu) number and the average heat transfer coefficient (HTC) during the turbulent flow of nanofluid in a horizontal, round tube was carried out. The Nu number is a function of the Reynolds (Re) number and the Prandtl (Pr) number, which in turn are functions of the thermophysical properties of the liquid and the flow conditions. On the other hand, the thermophysical properties of nanoliquids are primarily a function of nanoparticle concentration (NPC) and temperature. Hence, the correct determination of the value of the Nu number, and then the HTC, which is needed for engineering calculations, depends on the accuracy of determining the thermophysical properties of nanofluids. In most cases, the thermophysical properties of the nanofluids are calculated as functions of the corresponding thermophysical properties of the base liquid. Therefore, the accuracy of the calculations of the thermophysical properties of nanofluids is equally determined by the reliable correlations for the base liquids. Therefore, new correlations for the calculation of the thermophysical properties of water have been developed. The results of calculations of the thermophysical properties of the base liquid (water) and the water-Al2O3 nanofluids by use of carefully selected correlations is presented. It was established that even for small concentrations of nanoparticles, a significant intensification of heat transfer using nanofluids as compared to the base liquid is obtained for the tested temperature range.

Синдром увеальной эффузии

Purpose. To present data on pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment of uveal effusion syndrome. Material and methods. To perform the review, literature sources were searched through the Pubmed, Scopus and eLibrary databases up to and including 2020, using the keywords: «uveal effusion», «ciliochoroidal detachment», «choroidal effusion», «serous retinal detachment», «nanophtalmos», «uveal effusion syndrome». A total of 46 articles related to the topic of the review were selected. The beginning of publications on this theme started at 1963. Results. Analysis of publications testifies that today difficulties in diagnosing and determining therapeutic tactics for uveal effusion syndrome are due to the vastness of the differential diagnostic search, a variety of clinically similar diseases and the lack of consensus on the pathogenesis of this condition. Conclusion. Uveal effusion syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion which can be taken only when other reasons of ciliochoroidal detachment, such as rhematogenous retinal detachment, inflammatory processes, neoplastic processes, systemic diseases, trauma, previous ophthalmic surgery, are excluded. Correct diagnosis and determination the type of uveal effusion syndrome can save patients from unnecessary surgical procedures, such as vitrectomy or even enucleation. Key words: uveal effusion syndrome, pathogenesis, classification, treatment

Failure analysis on abnormal cracking of polycarbonate plates used in the gearbox oil level gauge for high-speed train

The gearbox of bogie is the core transmission component of the high-speed train. Once its parts have problems, this will cause hidden danger to the running of the train. Therefore, the safety of the gearbox parts must be paid special attention. The failed samples studied in this paper were the polycarbonate (PC) plates used in the gearbox oil level gauge and seven PC plates were found failure during routine maintenance for a certain type of high-speed train. Among them, five plates had cracks parallel to the oil level and close to the middle area, while other two plates had cracks near the circular arc area and lay at an angle of 45° with the level line. In order to find out the root cause of their failure, a variety of material analysis methods were used to examine the properties of the materials, and the fracture morphologies were studied in detail by means of macro and micro observations. The analysis results show that the causes of the failed PC plates could be divided into two types, one was caused by environmental stress cracking and thermal fatigue and the other was caused by forced installation when the length of the PC plate was a little larger. According to the correct determination of the failure causes, the pertinent countermeasures like length reduction of the PC plate and spraying special transparent coating on the PC plate have been put forward, which have been proven very effective after execution.

Measurements and Correctness Criteria for Determining the Line Length of the Data Image Obtained in the Process of Electromagnetic Infiltration

The protection of information against electromagnetic penetration is one of the most important aspects related to the protection of information against its non-invasive acquisition. Compared to the activities of cybercriminals, the use of electromagnetic emissions in the electromagnetic infiltration process does not leave any traces of activity, and the owner of the information is not aware of its loss. The most common activities of electromagnetic eavesdropping are related to the infiltration of emission sources, graphically revealing the processing of information using both analog and digital methods. This allows for the presentation of reconstructed data in the form of images. Correct display of the acquired information requires knowledge of raster parameters such as line length and the number of lines building the reconstructed image. Due to the lack of direct access to the intercepted device, knowledge in this field does not allow for the correct determination of the aforementioned parameters, and thus, for recreating an image that would contain legible and understandable data. Additionally, incorrect values of the parameters result in failure of further processing of the obtained image, e.g., by using a coherent summation of images. Therefore, it is necessary to propose a solution that will allow not so much to roughly define the raster parameters but to estimate them precisely. Moreover, it should enable the automation of the process after the implementation of an appropriate algorithm. The article proposes an algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image. The raster parameter estimated with the use of the algorithm allows for summarizing images several dozen times with a significant improvement in the image quality and readability of the data contained in it. The image summation algorithm is very often used as one of the main image processing methods in the electromagnetic infiltration process. Incorrect raster parameters often make coherent summation useless. The proposed algorithm for estimating the line length of the reconstructed image uses three methods of determining the line length of the image for a given accuracy. At the same time, criteria were indicated that must be met to determine the correct length of the image line for the assumed accuracy of estimation. Obtained results confirmed that the proposed methods and criteria are effective in the process of electromagnetic infiltration. These methods allow us to determine the line length of reconstructed images with accuracy up to 10−5.

Operation of synthetic inertia units in electric power systems of various densities

This study is aimed at improving the efficiency of photovoltaic plants operated in the electric networks of various densities by adjusting the synthetic inertia algorithm and automatic frequency control circuits. To this end, the automatic control system of a photovoltaic plant was investigated using hybrid modelling methods in an all-mode online simulation complex of electric power systems. It was shown that the stability of photovoltaic power plants could be improved through the use of synthetic inertia. According to the conducted research, effective operation of this algorithm can be ensured by a correct determination of the bandwidth of automatic frequency control. Operation of this automatic frequency control circuit can lead to the oscillations of various frequencies during the installation of photovoltaic power plants in low-current electrical networks (electrical networks with the short circuit coefficient of less than 10 a.u.) and, subsequently, negatively affect the operability of the synthetic inertia algorithm. In addition, in high-current networks with an increased bandwidth of the automatic frequency control unit, the value of the network frequency reduction decreases (optimal bandwidth of 50 Hz). Conversely, in low-current networks, the automatic frequency control unit, under an increase in the bandwidth, decreases the response rate of the synthetic inertia algorithm, which leads to an increase in the frequency reduction value (optimal bandwidth of 0.3 Hz). Thus, the conducted investigations showed that the automatic frequency control circuit in the control system of a photovoltaic power plant can be used to alter the operation of the synthetic inertia algorithm. However, the nature of this effect depends on the electrical network density and can be both positive and negative. The effect observed in the tested power system was confirmed for a real-dimension power system.

ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВАРТОСТІ ПОСЛУГ З ТЕХНІЧНОГО НАГЛЯДУ НА АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ДОРОГАХ ЗАГАЛЬНОГО КОРИСТУВАННЯ НА ВСІХ ЕТАПАХ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

Introduction. The process of new construction, reconstruction and overhaul of the roads requires the contractor to comply with all norms and rules established by regulatory documents and the customer of the works. Such functions are entrusted to the customer, or they can be performed by specialists who are engaged to perform technical supervision at the road works facilities. Technical supervision specialists primarily monitor the process of work at the facility, the measures of which provide for the implementation of a complex of actions to check the quality of work and protect the interests of the customer. Problem Statement. Consideration of this subject is the need to reliably determine the amount of funds for technical supervision of road construction facilities at all stages of the investment process. After all, the performance of technical supervision services includes the involvement of the needed number of specialists and the determination of their functional duties at the facility. The correct determination of the required amount of funds depends of that, who exactly will perform technical supervision works and is important as from the point of view of the customers of road works and services, and from the point of view of the needs of the enterprises themselves, if they are involved in the performance of technical supervision works. Purpose. Given the need for technical supervision and compliance control of all works on the road construction facilities throughout the entire period of their execution, there is a need for a methodology for determining the cost of technical supervision services at the road works facilities when preparing the investor estimate documents, forming contract prices and mutual settlements. Materials and methods. The calculation of costs for the provision of technical supervision services is performed taking into account the stage of road works, the duration of works at the facility, the complexity of these works, and the required number of technical supervision specialists. Results. The article highlights the practical meaning of the term «technical supervision», the conditions that affect the determination of the amount of funds for the implementation of technical supervision, the rules for calculation of technical supervision services cost at all stages of the investment process, and the approximate structure of their cost. Conclusions. Taking into account technical supervision services by the customer at the stage of preparing the investor estimate documentation will allow reducing the costs of road works in the future. The work of technical supervision specialists will contribute to the high-quality implementation of road works by monitoring the contractor’s compliance with project decisions, the scope of works and the quality of materials control. That is why it is needed to calculate correctly the technical supervision services cost, consider the real structure of these costs and the conditions of construction of facilities.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF PARKIA BIGLOBOSA TRUNK BARK POWDERS JACQ. BENTH (FABACEAE-MIMOSOIDEAE) INTENDED FOR THE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION OF PHYTO-DRUGS

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the physicochemical characteristics and organic and inorganic contaminants of Parkia biglobosa trunk bark powders collected in four localities (Gonse, Yako, Bobo and Nobere) of Burkina Faso. Methods: The parameters studied were the physicochemical characters, the contents of heavy metals, pesticides and the microbial quality according to the methods of the European Pharmacopoeia. Results: The study of these parameters revealed a residual moisture content of less than 10% and a uniform pH, macroscopical character and particle sizes for all raw materials. Total ash ranged from 0.09 to 0.96 for powders from Yako and Bobo, respectively. Contaminant assessment revealed that Parkia biglobosa trunk bark contains high levels of manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb). The microbial analysis shows that the trunk bark powders from Gonse, Yako and Bobo complied with the specifications of the European Pharmacopoeia. Conclusion: These quality control studies allowed the correct identification, characterization and determination of the appropriate harvesting sites for pharmaceutical production of phytomedicine.

The effect of saturation on hyperfine and Zeeman spectra in laser absorption spectroscopy

Using laser absorption spectroscopy, i.e. techniques such as optogalvanic spectroscopy or laser-induced fluorescence, it is often possible to separate and register individual components of a hyperfine or Zeeman structure. If these components are well separated (i.e. the distances between them are greater than their FWHM), it is relatively easy to determine their frequency position. However, when the atomic structure is very rich and the individual components overlap, problems arise with the correct determination of the position of the respective intensity peaks. Usually, only the envelope curve can be fitted to the observed structure, hence assumptions about the relative intensity ratios of the overlapping components as well as assumption about the line profile of a single component are necessary. An additional problem is the saturation effect. The saturation effect changes the theoretically predicted relative intensity ratios between the line components. In the current work, we present a method of analyzing experimentally observed hyperfine structure (hfs) patterns without and with an external magnetic field (Zeeman-hfs), which considers the saturation effect and allows for a relatively precise determination of the position of the individual components. In addition, we point out that, because of the saturation effect, hyperfine structure measurements should be carried out in conditions where the polarization of the exciting light (relative to magnetic stray fields) is known and this fact should be reflected in computer simulations which adjust a model function based on theoretical predictions to the experimental spectrum.

Nieprawidłowości ciągłe lub powtarzające się w projektach współfinasowanych z funduszy unijnych. Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 16 lutego 2021 r. (I GSK 1706/20)

The commented judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court concerns the issue of limitation of continuous or repeated irregularities. Doubts have arisen in domestic practice as to the significance of a continuous irregularity under Article 3 (1) of Council Regulation (EC, Euratom) No. 2988/95 of 18 December 1995 on the protection of the European Communities financial interests. The interpretation of this concept is important for the correct determination of the beginning of the limitation period for irregularities resulting from contracts concluded in violation of the provisions of the public procurement law. As part of this commentary, the author partially criticized the position of the Supreme Administrative Court, and at the same time presented the correct interpretation of EU regulations in the field of the statute of limitations for this type of irregularities.

P172 First report of Aspergillus tamarii producing influenza associated invasive pulmonary Aspergillosis

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PM ObjectiveMultiple infections can occur after 2009, pandemic influenza, including fungal and bacterial infections, but data from India are limited. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of influenza-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IAPA), caused by Aspergillus tamarii, after infection with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 which was preceded by COVID-19, 20 months before.Methods and ResultsA 33-year-old male, known asthmatic, had been hospitalized elsewhere in August 2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia for 50 days and had been on mechanical ventilation for 37 days. He had no residual respiratory symptoms 3 months after recovery from COVID-19. He was admitted to Jupiter Hospital in April 2022 with fever, cough, and dyspnea for 8 days, which developed after a cold bath in a temple. HRCT (chest) showed ground glass opacities (GGOs), crazy paving, nodules, and traction bronchiectasis. Review of previous HRCT showed that only GGOs were present (Fig. 1).At admission, the nasopharyngeal swab was positive for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in the filmarray respiratory panel and no other pathogen was detected. He was treated with oseltamivir. Expectorated sputum examination showed a heavy load of thin septate hyphae, with acute angle branching, resembling Aspergilllus species (Fig. 2). Serum galactomannan was positive (1.8). Based on these features he was diagnosed as a case of probable IAPA and initiated posaconazole (PCZ) treatment. Sputum fungal culture was positive and was identified by MALDI TOF MS as A. tamarii. A. tamarii has been rarely encountered as a human pathogen. Case reports of its involvement in eyelid infection, keratitis, invasive sinonasal infection, and onychomycosis exist. Sensititre MICs were 0.0625 mcg/ml, 0.125 mcg/ml, 0.0625 mcg/ml, and 0.125 mcg/mL for itraconazole, voriconazole, PCZ, and for isavuconazole (ISVCZ) respectively.The usually obtained PCZ trough level with standard dose is 1.2 mg/l which generates AUC of 200R. The usually obtained ISVC) trough level with standard dose is 3 mg/l which generates AUC of 100R. The PKPD index, AUC/MIC of 100, is needed with both these azoles for a therapeutic effectR. Therefore, it would be possible to treat this infection with any of these azoles.PCZ was continued in view of the easy availability of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to assure adequate drug exposure, lower cost, and clinical improvement which had already occurred.ConclusionAn infection due to a rare Aspergillus species needs correct identification, MIC determination, and PKPD consideration for appropriate drug selection and management.

Oreochromis niloticus Growth Performance Analysis Using Pixel Transformation and Pattern Recognition

To achieve healthy development and optimal growth for harvest in an aquaculture system, correct determination of fish growth stages is very important. The sizes or growth stages of the fish are used by farm managers to regulate stocking densities, optimize daily feeding, and ultimately choose the ideal time for harvesting. This paper presented a vision system-based fish classification using pixel transformation and neural network pattern recognition. Morphometrics parameters are used to facilitate a supervised gathering of datasets. Before feature extraction, the images go through intensity transformation using histogram analysis and Otsu’s thresholding. Using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, the six most important characteristics of the original ten attributes were identified. The developed intelligent model using neural network pattern recognition has an overall training accuracy equal to 90.3%. The validation, test, and overall accuracy are equal to 85.7%, 85.7%, and 88.9%, respectively.

Field testing of environmental performance of advanced local space heaters in reference to the EIG EMEP emission factors

One of the significant sources of the air pollution is combustion of solid biofuels, such as wood, used for heating in the municipal and housing sector. Major environmental and health impacts come from the emission of particulate matter (PM) and associated pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), in particular benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the main carcinogen.The paper presents the latest research results obtained by the field testing of two local space heaters, fueled with the two wood types. The studies covered the experimental tests in real-life, non-laboratory conditions, carried out according to the standards and procedures required for correct determination of the pollutant emission factors.The presented research contributes significantly to the basic knowledge of emission factors used e.g. for modelling of air pollutants dispersion or for development of the emission inventories. These tasks are the crucial information sources for a decision-making process in air quality management. The tested modern stoves (compliant with Ecodesign requirements) have a significantly lower environmental impact when compared to obsolete devices, and even to advanced stoves. Emission factors for PM, PAHs, BaP, for the tested appliances are lower by 80%, 90% and 95%, respectively, when compared to advanced stoves performance, as reported in relevant guidebooks.

Possible metabolic interplay between quality of life and fecal microbiota in a presenior population: Preliminary results

ObjectivesThe number of people aged ≥60 y is increasing worldwide, so establishing a relationship between lifestyle and health-associated factors, such as gut microbiota in an older population, is important. This study aimed to characterize the gut microbiota of a presenior population, and analyze the association between some bacteria and quality of life with the Short Form (SF) 36 questionnaire. MethodsParticipants were adult men and women ages 50 to 80 y (n = 74). In addition to the SF-36 questionnaire, fecal samples were collected in cryotubes, and 16S RNA gene sequencing was performed to characterize microbial features. Participants were classified into two groups according to SF-36 punctuation. Linear and logistic regression models were performed to assess the possible association between any bacterial bowl and SF-36 score. Receiver operating characteristics curves were fitted to define the relative diagnostic strength of different bacterial taxa for the correct determination of quality of life. ResultsA positive relationship was established between SF-36 score and Actinobacteria (P = 0.0310; R = 0.2510) compared with Peptostreptococcaceae (P = 0.0259; R = –0.2589), which increased with decreasing quality of life. Logistic regressions models and receiver operating characteristics curves showed that the relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Peptostreptococcaceae may be useful to predict quality of life in a presenior population (area under the curve: 0.71). ConclusionsQuality of life may be associated with the relative abundance of certain bacteria, especially Actinobacteria and Peptostreptococcaceae, which may have a specific effect on certain markers and health care, which is important to improve quality of life in older populations.

Heat Flux Measurement in Shock Heated Combustible Gases and Clarification of Ignition Delay Time

Correct understanding of the ignition and combustion processes in the combustion chambers are critical for modeling advanced schemes of engines of high-speed aircraft and promising spacecraft. Moreover, experimental data on the ignition delay time are a universal basis for the development and testing of combustion kinetic models. Moreover, the higher the temperature of the fuel mixture, the smaller this time value and the more important its correct determination. The use of a thermoelectric detector allows to measure ignition delay times and record heat fluxes with a high time resolution (to tenths of μs) during ignition in propane–air mixtures. Due to the faster response time, the use of it allows refining the ignition delay time of the combustible mixture, and the detector itself can serve as a useful device that allows a more detailed study of the ignition processes.

PIETER JOHANNES VAN RHIJN, KAPTEYN'S ASTRONOMICAL LABORATORY AND THE <italic>PLAN OF SELECTED AREAS</italic>

In this paper I discuss the Kapteyn Astronomical Laboratory during the period of Pieter Johannes van Rhijn's Directorate, which lasted from 1921 to 1957. It had developed under the founder Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn into one of the leading astronomical research institutes in the world. When van Rhijn took over at the retirement of Kapteyn, it was in the process of coordinating Kapteyn's <italic>Plan of Selected Areas</italic> with the aim of determining the structure of the Sidereal System. Kapteyn had just, with the help of van Rhijn, presented a first model of the distribution of stars in space from existing observations, and on this basis he constructed a 'first attempt' model of the Stellar System including dynamics, i.e. deriving the gravitational field from the distribution of the stars and showing how the random and systematic motions of the stars, the kinematics, could provide equilibrium and stability to the system. Under van Rhijn, the work on the <italic>Selected Areas</italic> progressed well, but the Groningen Laboratorium went into decline, loosing much of its status and prestige. I conclude the following. There was very little choice for Kapteyn's successor and van Rhijn was appointed effectively by default. Kapteyn himself must have seen that the future for astronomy in the Netherlands lay with Leiden Observatory, where already during his lifetime two of his protégées, Willem de Sitter and Ejnar Hertzsprung, were in charge, and to which a third one was added not much later in the person of Jan Oort. Kapteyn had his <italic>Plan of Selected Areas</italic> in addition to the scientific case set up as a way of ensuring the future of the Groningen Laboratorium at least for the time of this effort, arranging it to be supplied with plate material to complete the provision of the data for the final attack on the Sidereal problem. Van Rhijn's research was solid and professional, but in his papers he invariably stopped before discussing how his findings fitted into the larger emerging picture of the structure of the Galaxy. Comparison of his work in the 1930s on the distribution of stars as a function of spectral types and Jan Hendrik Oort's determination of his 1938 crosscut through the Galaxy illustrates this. While this work by Oort constituted the second attempt following on Kapteyn's first, and may be seen as the actual completion of the research for which the <italic>Plan of Selected Areas</italic> was designed, van Rhijn continued adding more and more data in the context of the Plan without redefining the aims in the light of developments. The <italic>Spectral Durchmusterung</italic> carried out in collaboration with the Bergedorf-Hamburg Sternwarte and Harvard College Observatory was an enormous drain on the Groningen resources. Van Rhijn's successful attempt to obtain his own telescope resulted in very relevant and correct determinations of the wavelength dependence of interstellar extinction from photographic spectra, but these results only became available in the 1950s when the field had turned to photoelectric methods. Kapteyn's concept of an astronomical laboratory lost its viability in van Rhijn's time when observa-tories were no longer interested in providing observational material for others to do research. Kapteyn's model on the other hand of a laboratory-like institution, where research is based on material obtained elsewhere on Earth or in space, is now the normal operating mode in astronomical research. The only difference is access to observing facilities primarily, which is now structured and guaranteed (subject to proposal acceptance of course), through national and international organizations rather than access on the basis of one's fame or stature. The cause of the loss of the Kapteyn Laboratorium of its prominent place in the international context was largely van Rhijn's unwavering dedication to complete Kapteyn's work. The <italic>Plan of Selected Areas</italic> had been important for the progress of astronomy, but effectively reached the goals Kapteyn had in mind for it already in the 1930s with Oort's 1932 work on the vertical force field and local 'Oort limit' and his 1938 crosscut through the Galaxy. Van Rhijn was unfortunately hampered throughout almost his entire Directorate by factors that severely limited his attempts to obtain more funding in spite of local support from his university. These were of course in the first place the Great Depression of the 1930s and World War II and its aftermath, while during most of the 1940s he suffered from tuberculosis. But, also, the remote location of Groningen compared to Leiden, where a major infrastructure led by three important protégées of Kapteyn was in place, and the Governmental bias towards support for Leiden over Groningen was an important factor. Finally, I examine the developments in the 1950s and the circumstances that made Adriaan Blaauw accept his appointment as van Rhijn's successor in 1957 and initiate the beginnings of the revival of the Kapteyn Laboratorium under his leadership.

A New Method for Thermocline and Halocline Depth Determination at Shallow Seas

Abstract This paper introduces a new method for finding the top of thermocline (TTD) and halocline (THD) depths that may become a powerful tool for applications in shallow marine basins around the world. The method calculates the moving average of the ocean vertical profile’s short-scale spatial variability (standard deviation) and then processes it to determine the potential depth at which temperature or salinity rapidly changes. The method has been calibrated using an extensive set of data from the ecohydrodynamic model EcoFish. As a result of the calibration, the values of the input parameters that allowed the correct determination of TTD and THD were established. It was confirmed by the validation carried out on the in situ profiles collected by the research vessel S/Y Oceania during statutory cruises in the southern Baltic Sea. The “MovSTD” algorithm was then used to analyze the seasonal variability of the vertical structure of the waters in Gdańsk Deep for temperature and salinity. The thermocline deepening speed was also estimated in the region analyzed.

Proposta de método de análise digital de imagens para determinação da frente carbonatada em concretos

Abstract Carbonation is one of the most common pathologies in concretes and the correct determination of the depth reached by this process is essential to predict the lifespan of a structure. The most common method for measuring carbonation is to spray a phenolphthalein solution onto the concrete and then measure the colorless area of the solution. Traditionally, such measurement is done manually through visual assessment. However, as this is a subjective assessment, this process is subject to errors. In order to minimize these errors, researchers have used image editing processes and measurements obtained with computerized tools. Even using these programs, the process still depends on the operator’s sensitivity and judgment to determine the areas affected by carbonation. This work proposes a digital analysis with the assignment of phenolphthalein turning pH values in order to obtain the carbonated front limit with greater precision and in a semi-quantitative way. For this, three admixtures of concrete with pozzolans (fly ash and rice husk ash) were analyzed in binary and ternary mixtures submitted to natural carbonation. The proposed method proved to be accurate and efficient as an aid in reading carbonated depths.

Timing of Increment Formation in Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Otoliths

Controversies remain regarding the periodicity, or seasonality, of otolith growth band formation, which directly influences a correct age determination of Atlantic bluefin tuna using this structure. The aim of this work was to apply marginal increment analysis and marginal edge analysis to determine the timing of band deposition. The index of completion was analyzed using general additive models to evaluate the importance of variables, such as month, age/size, and reader. Results indicate that the opaque band formation begins in June and is completed by the end of November. From the end of the year to the beginning of the following year, there is minimal marginal edge growth as the translucent band begins to form. The translucent zone then reaches a maximum development in May. The results obtained in this study provide evidence that the annulus formation in the otoliths of Atlantic bluefin tuna are completed later in the calendar year than previously thought. This would mean it is necessary to delay the date of the current July 1st adjustment criterion to November 30.

TEKSTİL SEKTÖRÜNDE RİSK DEĞERLENDİRMELERİNİN ANP YÖNTEMİ İLE ANALİZİ

As each sector and industry has its own risks and hazards in terms of occupational health and safety, many of these can also be found in the textile industry. A good analysis of these risks and hazards, the correct and quick determination of the precautions to be taken can prevent many occupational accidents that may occur. In this study, the current risk assessment forms of a textile company operating in Bursa were examined. As the result of these analyzes made, the hazards of the current risks were classified into 8 main criteria and 55 sub-criteria. In order to determine the internal and external dependencies of these criteria, the ANP method, one of the multi-criteria decision making methods, was used. Thanks to the ANP, weightings of the main criteria and sub-criteria were obtained. In this way, the main criterion with the highest priority hazard has been determined as the criterion of machinery, working equipment and hand tools. The moving rotating part was found as the most prioritized sub-criterion of this main criterion. As a result of the comparisons of each sub-criterion with the sub-criteria in different main criteria, the most priority sub-criterion was determined as electric shock.

Investigation of the Success of Natural Regeneration Fields by Multi-Criteria Decision Making Technique

Natural regeneration management is one of the most important steps of silvicultural practices, and it is important for the short-term regeneration of forests that have completed their natural cycles. Sustainability of forests is possible with the correct determination of the problems and the implementation of the correct plans. In this study, the most successfully assessed area has proven to be accurately determinable with the PROMETHEE method, which is an effective ranking method that works by taking numerical data from the determined trial areas in the natural Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) regeneration area of a forest management directorate. Among the criteria used in the numerical method, we can find the average height, average root neck diameter, and an average number of natural youths. For these criteria, weighting was done with the help of the entropy method. Within the scope of these findings, it has been seen that the success in natural Scotch pine regeneration areas to be realized in other regions is tangibly seen in the numerical data. In addition, this numerical method is important in terms of time efficiency, labor, and economic outputs allocated to these studies.