Determination Of Chemical Parameters Research Articles

The impact of the addition of natural materials on the composting of animal manure

Article Details: Received: 2020-10-14 | Accepted: 2020-11-27 | Available online: 2021-01-31 https://doi.org/10.15414/afz.2021.24.mi-prap.93-97 In this study we investigated the microbiological and chemical parameters during the composting of different substrates. Composting of two types of substrates amended with natural materials, manure mixed with zeolite (S1) and manure mixed with zeolite and lime (S2), was investigated and compared with that in the amendment-free substrate (C). During the composting the counts of coliform and faecal coliform bacteria in S2 and C differred significantly (P ˂ 0.001). There were also significant differences in coliform and faecal coliform bacterial counts between substrates S1 and S2 (P > 0.01 and P > 0.05, resp.). The total bacterial counts in C, S1 and S2 showed no significant differences throughout the composting (P > 0.05). Degradation of organic matter was significantly increased in S2 compared to C (P ˂ 0.001) due to relatively rapid decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms in this substrate. Determination of chemical parameters also showed significant differences between individual substrates. The pH level in S2 was higher and varied from 9.16 to 7.99. Release of N-NH 4 + from S2 substrate was significantly reduced. The total nitrogen (N t ) content in S2 substrate was increased by 45.01% compared to the other two substrates and resulted in a decreased C/N ratio towards the end of composting. Our results indicated that composting of manure amended with natural material provided promising results and has a potential for implementation in practice.  Keywords: composting,chemical parameters, microorganism, zeolite, lime References Alavi, N. et al. (2017). Investigating the efficiency of co-composting and vermicomposting of vinasse with the mixture of cow manure wastes, bagasse, and natural zeolite. Waste Management , 69, 117–126. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.039 Awasthi, M. K. et al. (2016). Role of biochar amendment in mitigation of nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emission during sewage sludge composting. Bioresource Technology , 219, 270–280.doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2016.07.128 Bougnom, B. P. et al. (2020). Evaluation of wood ash as additive for cow manure composting. International Annals of Science , 9(1), 100–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21467/ias.9.1.100-110 Chan, M. T. et al. (2016). Reducing nitrogen loss and salinity during “struvite” food waste composting by zeolite amendment. Bioresource Technology , 200, 838–844. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.10.093 Chandna, P. (2013). Assessment of bacterial diversity during composting of agricultural byproducts. BMC Microbiol ., 13, 99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-13-99 Chang, R. et al. (2019). Comparing the effects of three in situ methods on nitrogen loss control, temperature dynamics and maturity during composting of agricultural wastes with a stage of temperatures over 70 °C. Journal of Environmental Management , 230, 119–127. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.076 Li, R. et al. (2012). Nutrient transformations during composting of pig manure with bentonite. Bioresource Technology , 121, 362–368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.06.065 Lim, S. S. et al. (2017). Nitrogen, carbon, and dry matter losses during composting of livestock manure with two bulking agents as affected by co-amendments of phosphogypsum and zeolite. Ecological Engineering .102, 280–290. doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.031 Meng, Q. et al. (2019). Microbial Community Succession and Response to Environmental Variables During Cow Manure and Corn Straw Composting. Frontiers in Microbilogy , 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.00529 Ren, G. (2016).Evaluation of microbial population dynamics in the co–composting of cow manure and rice straw using high throughput sequencing analysis. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol ., 32, 1–11. doi: 10.1007/s11274-016-2059-7 Sasáková, N. (2015). Environmental and environmental risks associated with the treatment and utilization of animal excrements and sewage sludge and their environmental impact. Habilitation thesis. p.3-11. University of veterinary medicine and pharmacy in Košice. Szogi, A. A. et al. (2015). Methods for treatment of animal manures to reduce nutrient pollution prior to soil application. Curr. Pollut. Rep ., 1(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40726-015-0005-1 Villaseñor, J. et al. (2011). Composting domestic sewage sludge with natural zeolites in a rotary drum reactor. Bioresource Technology , 102(2), 1447–1454. doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2010.09.085 Wagas, M. et al. (2019). Untapped potential of zeolites in optimization of food waste composting. Journal of Environmental Management , 241, 99–112. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.014

Determination of chemical parameters and storage stability of extra virgin olive oil extracted by Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit

The effects of storage time on the stability and quality of cold press extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) extracted from cv. Tavşan Yüreği locally grown in Antalya Region of Anatolia was investigated. The Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit (TEM Oliomio 500-2GV, Italy) was designed and used for the monocultivar olive oil production. Changes on the free fatty acid, peroxide value, UV absorption values, total phenol content, phenolic and tocopherol profiles, and sensory properties of EVOO samples were determined for 12 months. Results showed that fresh “Tavşan Yüreği” EVOO was classified as EVOO declared by the International Olive Council (IOC) standards-based in terms of chemical and sensory properties. It had a sensory profile with an equilibrated taste of intense fruitiness and medium bitterness and pungency at the end of one year. Although positive attributes (fruitiness, bitterness, and pungency) slightly decreased, color values of EVOO changed from green to yellow. Although total phenols content of EVOO samples were 385.27 ± 0.908 ppm at the beginning of storage, it decreased to 327.58 ± 0.212 ppm after a year storing. Luteolin was the most abundant phenolic compound and its content decreased by 14% at the end of storage, while tyrosol content of EVOO increased from 12 to 36.17 ppm. After twelve months, α-tocopherol contents decreased 22.38%. Using Mobile Olive Oil Processing Unit increased oxidative stability and quality of extracted EVOO.

RESPUESTA AGRONÓMICA DE Zea mays L. y Phaseolus vulgaris L. A LA FERTILIZACIÓN CON COMPOST

Composting is an ecological technology which constitutes a way to reusing and biotransforming organic materials as well as their subsequent application in soil. The quality of organic fertilizer is determined from the nutritional content and the ability to provide nutrients to a crop. Based on an organic material composting mix, (coffee pulp, banana waste, chicken and cattle manure) coming from the coffee farms located in the department of Cundinamarca, chemical and biological indicators were determined and compared. In addition, through a bioassay, using two species with high food and feed potential, corn (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the effect of compost on agronomic parameters and productivity in both crops was assessed. Seven treatments were evaluated [chemical fertilizer (Q), mixture 1 (Mz1), mixture 2 (Mz2), mixture 3 (Mz3), control without fertilizer (SF), commercial organic fertilizer (AOC)], based on the determination of chemical parameters (MO, CO, macro and micronutrients). In the bioassay with corn (Zea mays L.), Q and Mz1 obtained the highest parameters during the vegetative stage; in the flowering stage, Mz3 obtained the best values in the parameters. In beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the vegeteative stage treatments, Q and Mz1 were the best, without showing statistical differences among them. In the flowering and harvesting phase, Mz2 obtained a better response. In conclusion, organic fertilizers are a viable and sustainable alternative tested under field conditions.

Untersuchungen zur Objektivierung des Begriffes “Frischezustand” am Beispiel geschädigten Futterroggens und Futterweizens

In moderately or severely damaged fodder rye and wheat, the catalase test and the acidity determination are suited for corroborating the results of the organoleptic examination; But it must be emphasized that organoleptic tests cannot be replaced by the determination of chemical parameters. The present studies indicate that the substantiation of freshness by means of chemical parameters is limited in case of light or moderate deterioration.