Abstract
Composting is an ecological technology which constitutes a way to reusing and biotransforming organic materials as well as their subsequent application in soil. The quality of organic fertilizer is determined from the nutritional content and the ability to provide nutrients to a crop. Based on an organic material composting mix, (coffee pulp, banana waste, chicken and cattle manure) coming from the coffee farms located in the department of Cundinamarca, chemical and biological indicators were determined and compared. In addition, through a bioassay, using two species with high food and feed potential, corn (Zea mays L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), the effect of compost on agronomic parameters and productivity in both crops was assessed. Seven treatments were evaluated [chemical fertilizer (Q), mixture 1 (Mz1), mixture 2 (Mz2), mixture 3 (Mz3), control without fertilizer (SF), commercial organic fertilizer (AOC)], based on the determination of chemical parameters (MO, CO, macro and micronutrients). In the bioassay with corn (Zea mays L.), Q and Mz1 obtained the highest parameters during the vegetative stage; in the flowering stage, Mz3 obtained the best values in the parameters. In beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the vegeteative stage treatments, Q and Mz1 were the best, without showing statistical differences among them. In the flowering and harvesting phase, Mz2 obtained a better response. In conclusion, organic fertilizers are a viable and sustainable alternative tested under field conditions.
Highlights
Composting is an ecological technology which constitutes a way to reusing and biotransforming organic materials as well as their subsequent application in soil
In the bioassay with corn (Zea mays L.), Q and Mz1 obtained the highest parameters during the vegetative stage; in the flowering stage, Mz3 obtained the best values in the parameters
Organic fertilizers are a viable and sustainable alternative tested under field conditions
Summary
Los abonos orgánicos constituyen una forma de reciclaje de nutrientes en el sistema agropecuario, estos incluyen todo material de origen orgánico utilizado para la fertilización de cultivos o como mejoradores de suelos (Soto, 2003). La calidad del compost está afectada por la calidad del material original, como grado de digestión, contenido original de nutrientes, entre otros, y por el sistema de compostaje utilizado (Mazzarino et al, 2005). Para evaluar la calidad de los materiales orgánicos, durante y al final del proceso de compostaje, se han propuesto diferentes criterios basados en la cuantificación de los parámetros físicos, químicos y biológicos (Cegarra, 1994). Estos criterios definen las características benéficas del compost y permiten recomendar su aplicación para diferentes finalidades agrícolas, siendo esta última la forma de evaluar los efectos del producto sobre variables de rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el efecto del compost obtenido a partir de tres mezclas de residuos orgánicos provenientes de fincas cafeteras, en indicadores agronómicos de las especies maíz (Zea mays L.) y fríjol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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