Determination Of Bisphenol Research Articles

Analysis of Bisphenol A, Alkylphenols, and Alkylphenol Ethoxylates in NIST SRM 2585 and Indoor House Dust by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS/MS).

Background: Ingestion of house dust has been demonstrated to be an important exposure pathway to several contaminants in young children. These compounds include bisphenol A (BPA), alkylphenols (APs), and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs). Analysis of these compounds in house dust is challenging because of the complex composition of the sample matrix. Objective: The objective was to develop a simple and sensitive method to measure BPA, APs, and APEOs in indoor house dust. Methods: An integrated method that involved solvent extraction using sonication, sample cleanup by solid-phase extraction, derivatization by 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl)acetamide, and analysis by GC coupled with tandem MS was developed for the simultaneous determination of BPA, APs, and APEOs in NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2585 (Organic contaminants in house dust) and in settled house dust samples. Results: Target analytes included BPA, 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), OP monoethoxylate, OP diethoxylate, 4-n-nonylphenol (4nNP), 4nNP monoethoxylate (4nNP1EO), branched nonylphenol (NP), NP monoethoxylate, NP diethoxylate, NP triethoxylate, and NP tetraethoxylate. The method was sensitive, with method detection limits ranging from 0.05 to 5.1 μg/g, and average recoveries between 82 and 115%. All target analytes were detected in SRM 2585 and house dust except 4nNP and 4nNP1EO. Conclusions: The method is simple and fast, with high sensitivity and good reproducibility. It is applicable to the analysis of target analytes in similar matrixes, such as sediments, soil, and biosolids. Highlights: Values measured in SRM 2585 will be useful for future research in method development and method comparison.

Combination of Vortex-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Air-Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Extraction of Bisphenol A and Bisphenol B in Canned Doogh Samples

A sensitive, rapid, and efficient analytical method based on vortex-assisted liquid–liquid extraction combined with air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction using high performance liquid chromatography-variable wavelength detection has been developed for the extraction and determination of bisphenol A and bisphenol B in canned doogh samples. In this method, the analytes are partitioned into n-hexane during liquid–liquid extraction and then they are enriched using the following air-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction procedure in a few microliters of an ammonia solution used as an extraction solvent. Under the optimum conditions, limits of detection and quantification were 0.82 and 0.54 and 2.7 and 1.5 ng mL−1, for bisphenol A and bisphenol B, respectively. The extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of the selected analytes were 86 and 81% and 4300 and 4050, respectively. The relative standard deviations were lower than 9% for intra- (n = 6) and inter-day (n = 4) precisions at a concentration of 5 ng mL−1 of each analyte. Finally, some canned doogh samples were effectively analyzed by the proposed method.

Voltammetric aptasensor for bisphenol A based on the use of a MWCNT/Fe3O4@gold nanocomposite.

The present study describes an electrochemical aptamer-based method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA). It is making use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) immobilized on a conjugate between multiwalled carbon nanotubes and thiol-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (MWCNT/Fe3O4-SH) that are modified with an aptamer. The nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, elemental mapping analysis and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction. The aptasensor, typically operated at 0.20V (vs. Ag/AgCl), has a linear response in the 0.1 to 8nM BPA concentration range, a low detection limit (0.03nM), and high sensitivity (86.43μAnM-1cm-2). Voltammetric experiments were performed by using the hexacyanoferrate redox systemas an electrochemical probe. The results indicate that the presence of AuNPs, magnetic nanoparticles and MWCNTs results a synergistic electrochemical augmentation. The method is highly selective, sensitive, efficient and environmentally friendly. The method was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in spiked real samples. Graphical abstract Aptasensor fabricated by MWCNT/Fe3O4-SH@Au nanocomposite and anti-BPA aptamer. The conformation of aptamer change after BPA binding, triggering a decrease in the electron transfer of Fe(CN)63-/4- on the electrode surface. The observed decline was detectable as a function of BPA concentration.

Sensitive detection of bisphenol A by coupling solid phase microextraction based on monolayer graphene-coated Ag nanoparticles on Si fibers to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

In this work, a facile method coupling solid phase microextraction (SPME) with surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) was developed for the detection of trace bisphenol A (BPA). Monolayer graphene-coated Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were fabricated on the Si fiber, which made the Si fiber retain functions of both as a SERS-active substrate and SPME fiber to realize in situ rapid determination of BPA. The SERS-active SPME fiber was immersed in water to extract BPA prior to its detection by SERS. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values of the uniformity and the reproducibility of the SERS-active SPME fiber are 14% and 13%, respectively. The characteristic SERS intensity versus BPA concentration showed a linear relationship (R2 = 0.958). Due to the combination of the SERS method with SPME, this method exhibits extremely high sensitivity and excellent stability for the detection of BPA, with a limit of detection as low as 1 μg L−1. The method was successfully used for the determination of BPA in water samples with spiked recoveries ranging from 97% to 110%. Compared to the conventional SERS methods used for the detection of BPA, the present method not only retains the advantages of SERS but also provides several unique advantages including preconcentration of analytes, separation of analyte from sample matrices and improvement of sensitivity, thus making its promising application in environmental analysis of BPA.

Extraction of bisphenol A in honey samples using aqueous biphasic systems coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography

AbstractAn aqueous biphasic system based on cholinium propanoate and phosphate solution was developed for the fast extraction and determination of bisphenol A in honey samples. The phase diagrams of the aqueous biphasic systems with cholinium propanoate (ionic liquid) and phosphate solutions were investigated, and the biphasic regions of the aqueous biphasic systems decreased with the increase of pH values of the phosphate solutions. The aqueous biphasic system was applied for the analyte extraction. After extraction, the analyte was separated on a C18 column (150 mm × 2.1 mm i. d., 5 μm) using acetonitrile and ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. The parameters, such as the conductivity and viscosity of the ionic liquid solutions, pH values of the phosphate solutions, and extraction efficiency were optimized to achieve the excellent extraction performance. Good linearity was shown for the analyte over the tested concentration range (0.01–10.0 mg/kg) with correlation coefficient higher than 0.991. Three spiked levels (0.01, 0.05, 0.10 mg/kg) were applied for determination of the recoveries of the analyte in honey samples in the range of 78–112% with relative standard deviations of 5.5–10.2%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for the analyte were 0.003 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively. The developed method was applied for the determination of the analyte in real samples with high sensitivity.

TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in borocarbonitrides nanosheets for sensitive and selective photoelectrochemical aptasensing of bisphenol A

The establishment of ultrasensitive, highly selective and cost-effective photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing platforms is essential for biological assays. In this work, a novel visible-light driven PEC platform was developed for ultrasensitive detection of bisphenol A (BPA) based on TiO2 nanoparticles embedded in borocarbonitrides nanosheets (TiO2/BCN), which were fabricated through one-step thermal-treatment approach. The introduction of BCN not only extends photoresponding of TiO2 to visible light area, but also effectively suppresses the recombination of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, and then presented enhanced PEC performances. The PEC sensing platform is constructed via a stepwise modification method with the aids of BPA aptamer, and characterized by PEC and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). In the presence of BPA, the photocurrent can be greatly enhanced because BPA can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and accelerate the interfacial charge transfer process. The results demonstrated that the photocurrent is highly linear over BPA concentrations ranging from 0.1 fM to 5 nM with a low detection limit of 0.03 fM (S/N = 3). Moreover, the as-fabricated PEC sensor exhibited high selectivity and low-cost, which could be successfully applied for the fast, sensitive, and selective determination of BPA in real water samples.

CoFe2O4-MWCNTs Modified Screen Printed Carbon Electrode Coupled with Magnetic CoFe2O4-MWCNTs Based Solid Phase Microextraction for the detection of Bisphenol A

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an important intermediate in the industrial manufacturing of either polycarbonate plastic or epoxy resins. Bisphenol A and its chemical derivatives are endocrine-disrupting chemicals. BPA is a potent endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) and its toxicity is widely reported in the literature. Therefore, it is important to develop fast identification methods for the monitoring of BPA in the environment. Methods: In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with cobalt ferrites (CoF) nanoparticles were synthesized by a controlled co-precipitation reaction. The modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with CoF nanoparticles were applied as a magnetic solid-phase microextraction (M-SPME) sorbent for the extraction of trace levels of BPA from water samples. In detection step, the CoF/MWCNTs modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (CoF/MWCNTs/SPCEs) (named CoFsensor) were used for the electrochemical detection of BPA. The CoF/MWCNTs modified SPCEs are found to give stable and reproducibility responses to BPA and the sensor exhibited good stability. Finally, the established combined procedure was successfully applied to determine BPA in water samples. Results: In this work, the magnetic CoFe2O4/MWCNTs nanoparticles were used as the electrode modifier and sample pre-concentrator. Firstly, some important electrochemical parameters of the modified electrodes were optimized and the calibration curve of the sensor showed a good linearity in the range of 0.5-50 µM and the detection limit was 0.2 µM. Secondly, the important parameters that affect the extraction performance were optimized. Under combined conditions, the calibration graph for the determination of bisphenol A was linear in the range of 0.02-1.5 µM (4.56-342 µg/L) and the detection limit was 0.01 µM. Finally, the combined system was successfully used for the detection of bisphenol A in tap water, drinking water, mineral water with recoveries of 93-102%. Conclusion: A new determination system combined CoF-sensor with M-CoF-SPME was developed for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of traces BPA in aqueous samples. The CoF/MWCNTs exhibited high sensitivity toward BPA with a maximum adsorption capacity of 67.7 mg/g. The nanoparticles were collected using a magnet and reused at least 10 times without substantial degradation in the activity. The analytical method combined miniaturised systems both in sample preparation and in detection stage, with the major advantage of avoiding costly and bulky or unmovable instrumentation. Besides, the M-CoF-SPME-CoF-sensor combination detection system provided many benefits such as cheapness, ease of operation, good sensitivity and repeatability. The determination method developed in current study provides a new option for the determination of BPA in water sample.

A novel and high sensitive MWCNTs-nickel carbide/hollow fiber-pencil graphite modified electrode for in situ ultra-trace analysis of bisphenol A

In this study a modified electrode based on hollow fiber-pencil graphite electrode (HF-PGE) was introduced for extraction and in-situ determination of low concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA) as a typical endocrine disruptor (ED) and cancer promoter using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Nickel carbide nanoparticle (Ni3C) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) were used for HF modification. The fundamental factors affecting the extraction of analyte, including pH of aqueous phase, extraction time, and stirring speed were investigated. The relationship between the DPV signal and concentration was linear in the ranges of 0.6 nM to 0.01 μM and 0.01 to 4 μM (R2 = 0.9958, 0.9972) with limit of detection 0.13 nM. The applicability of the developed technique was tested by determination of BPA in real samples such as plastic drinking bottle and food package samples.

A novel dual-signal electrochemical sensor for bisphenol A determination by coupling nanoporous gold leaf and self-assembled cyclodextrin

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical, which can mimic estrogen and bring about a series of negative impact on human health. Herein, we developed a novel dual-signal sensor by coupling nanoporous gold leaf (NPGL) with thiolated beta-cyclodextrin (SH-β-CD) to realize sensitive and selective determination of BPA. Modification with NPGL and self-assembling of SH-β-CD on gold electrode were tracked by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The dual signaling method is based on the competitive host–guest interaction by recording the signals from both target molecule BPA and probe molecule methylene blue (MB). Due to the different binding ability of host molecule (β-CD) towards BPA and MB, BPA is able to enter β-CD cavities and replace the pre-existing MB, resulting in the decreased oxidation peak current of MB and the increased oxidation peak current of BPA. The summation of both current changes (|ΔIMB| + ΔIBPA) is linearly dependent on Napierian logarithm of BPA concentration from 3 × 10−7 M to 1 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 6 × 10−8 M (S/N = 3). It is noted that the detection limit obtained by dual-signaling is much lower than that using single ΔIBPA as the response signal. This newly developed sensor was further adopted to measure BPA in milk and tap water. The proposed dual-signal strategy and the established hybrid electrochemical sensor have great potential applications in biomarker detection, food safety testing and environmental monitoring.

A novel amperometric enzyme inhibition biosensor based on xanthine oxidase immobilised onto glassy carbon electrodes for bisphenol A determination

A novel and simple biosensor for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) based on xanthine oxidase (XOD) enzymatic inhibition has been developed. The biosensor was prepared from xanthine oxidase immobilised by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, with hypoxanthine as enzyme substrate, and was successfully applied to the determination of BPA using fixed potential amperometry. Biosensor performance was optimised with respect to the applied potential, influence of pH of the electrolyte solution, XOD loading and the substrate concentration. The enzyme inhibition mechanism was evaluated from Cornish-Bowden plus Dixon plots and was found to be reversible and competitive with an apparent inhibition constant of 8.15 nM. Under optimised conditions, the determination of BPA can be achieved in the linear range up to 41 nM with a detection limit of 1.0 nM, which is equal to the lowest reported in the literature, with very good repeatability and reproducibility. The selectivity of the biosensor was evaluated by performing an interference study and found to be excellent; and stability was investigated. It was successfully applied to the detection of BPA in mineral water and in river water.

Easy-to-use procedure to optimise a chromatographic method. Application in the determination of bisphenol-A and phenol in toys by means of liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection

Legal limits for phenol and bisphenol-A (BPA) in toys are 15 and 0.1 mg L−1 respectively. The latest studies show that in Europe the content of BPA, which reaches our bodies through different contact routes, in no cases exceed legal limits. But it is true that the effects caused by continued intake of this analyte for a long time and other possible processes that could increase their migration, are still under consideration by the health agencies responsible.A multiresponse optimization using a D-optimal design for simultaneously optimising two experimental factors (temperature and flow) at three levels and one (mobile phase composition) at four levels, in the determination by means of HPLC-FLD is proposed in this work. The D-optimal design allows ones to reduce the experimental effort from 36 to 11 experiments guaranteeing the quality of the estimates. The model fitted is validated and, after the responses are estimated in the whole experimental domain, the experimental conditions that maximize peak areas and minimize retention times for both analytes are chosen by means of a Pareto front. In this way, the sensitivity and the time of the analysis have been improved with this optimization.Decision limit and capability of detection at the limits obtained were 33.9 and 66.1 μg L−1 for phenol and 25.6 and 50.0 for BPA μg L−1 respectively when the probabilities of false negative and false positive were fixed at 0.05.The procedure has been successfully applied to determine phenol and BPA in different samples (toys, clinical serum bags and artificial tears). The simulants HCl 0.07 M and water were used for the analysis of toys. The quantity of phenol found in serum bags and in artificial tears ranged from 15 to 600 μg L−1. No BPA has been found in the objects analysed.In addition, this work incorporates computer programmes which implement the procedure used (COOrdinates parallel plot and Pareto FROnt, COO-FRO) such that it can be used in any other chromatographic optimization.

Simultaneous Solid-Phase Extraction and Determination of Three Bisphenols in Water Samples and Orange Juice by a Porous β-Cyclodextrin Polymer

A porous β-cyclodextrin polymer (P-CDP) was used as a new sorbent for simultaneous solid-phase extraction (SPE) and determination of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol AF (BPAF). The P-CDP was obtained via the cross-linking of β-cyclodextrin with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile, and then was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Adsorption tests showed that the P-CDP had good binding ability and fast uptake kinetics for three bisphenols. When used as a SPE sorbent for three bisphenols, P-CDP showed high extraction efficiencies, high enrichment factors, and good reusability. Based on the P-CDP sorbent, a new SPE-HPLC-UV method was developed and successfully applied to the detection of three bisphenols in real samples. The recoveries of BPF, BPA, and BPAF in water samples were 91.2–102.6% (RSD = 1.4–2.9%), 98.0–101.2% (RSD = 1.3–2.7%), and 96.3%–103.7% (RSD = 1.3–2.9%), respectively. Moreover, the recoveries of BPF, BPA, and BPAF in orange juice were 94.3–97.1% (RSD = 1.4–2.9%), 102.7–103.6% (RSD = 1.7–3.5%), and 94.5–101.0% (RSD = 1.3–2.8%), respectively. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) and the limits of quantification (S/N = 10) for all analytes were 0.3 and 1.0 ng/mL, respectively. Therefore, P-CDP can be used as a good SPE sorbent for the simultaneous determination of BPA, BPF, and BPAF in environmental water samples and beverages.

Synergic effect of silvernanoparticlesandcarbon nanotubes on the simultaneous voltammetric determination of hydroquinone, catechol, bisphenol A and phenol.

A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and applied to the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ), catechol (CC), bisphenol A (BPA) and phenol by using square-wave voltammetry. The MWCNTs were deposited on the GCE and the AgNPs were then electrodeposited onto the MWCNT/GCE by the application of 10 potential sweep cycles using an AgNP colloidal suspension. The modified GCE was characterized by using SEM, which confirmed the presence of the AgNPs. The electrochemical behavior of the material was evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry, and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that employed hexacyanoferrate as an electrochemical probe. The results were compared to the performance of the unmodified GCE. The modified electrode has a lower charge-transfer resistance and yields an increased signal. The peaks for HQ (0.30V), CC (0.40V), BPA (0.74V) and phenol (0.83V; all versus Ag/AgCl) are well separated under optimized conditions, which facilitates their simultaneous determination. The oxidation current increases linearly with the concentrations of HQ, CC, BPA and phenol. Detection limits are in the order of 1μM for all 4 species, and the sensor is highly stable and reproducible. The electrode was successfully employed with the simultaneous determination of HQ, CC, BPA and phenol in spiked tap water samples. Graphical abstract A glassy carbon electrode was modified withcarbon nanotubes and silver nanoparticles and then successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of four phenolic compounds. The sensor showed high sensitivity in the detection of hydroquinone, catechol, bisphenol A and phenol in water samples.

誘導体化stir bar sorptive extractionと加熱脱着GC/MSを用いた缶詰中ビスフェノールA及び関連化合物の分析

誘導体化stir bar sorptive extractionと加熱脱着GC/MSを用いた缶詰中ビスフェノールA及び関連化合物の分析

Determination of Phenolic Endocrine Disruptors in Cosmetics by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

ABSTRACTAn analytical method for the simultaneous determination of bisphenol A, 4-t-octylphenol, 4-n-octylphenol, and 4-n-nonylphenol in cosmetic samples has been developed. These compounds have toxic effects on human health as they have shown to produce endocrine disrupting properties. Therefore, their presence in cosmetics should be avoided according to the current European Regulations on cosmetic products. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) detection. Standard addition calibration was used to avoid matrix effects. The limits of detection values ranged between 7 and 15 ng mL−1 (threefold of the residual standard deviation of regression lines). The proposed method was validated, and good recovery (90–106%) and repeatability values (2.7–8.2%) were obtained. Finally, the method was successfully applied to ten commercially available cosmetic samples. The good analytical features of the proposed method make it useful to carry out the quality control of cosmetic products and raw materials to assure the safety of users.

Micro-QuEChERS extraction coupled to GC-MS for a fast determination of Bisphenol A in human urine.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine disruptor and public concern over BPA exposure has been raised. Several studies have assessed human exposure to this plasticizer, confirming its ubiquitous presence and highlighting children as a public of special concern. A simple, efficient, cheap and green analytical procedure is reported within this paper. This paper reports, for the first time, the development of a modified Micro-QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a new strategy for the efficient extraction and determination of Bisphenol A in human urine samples. Several parameters that are known to influence extraction were optimized. Good linearity was achieved at the studied concentration range (1-50μg/L), with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.998. The optimized method proved to be accurate (≥74% recovery), reproducible (<11% relative standard deviation) and sensitive for BPA determination (detection limit of 0.13μg/L and quantification limit of 0.43μg/L). The analytical procedure was applied to the analyses of 12 urine samples collected from children living in the North/Center region of Portugal. BPA was detected in all the analyzed samples in concentrations ranging from 1.5μg/L to 48.9μg/L. The proposed methodology is suitable for the determination of BPA in urine samples in the framework of biomonitoring studies and bioanalytical analyses, applying GC-MS detection.

Effect of sterilisation and storage conditions on the migration of bisphenol A from tinplate cans of the Lebanese market

ABSTRACTThe use of bisphenol A (BPA) in lacquer coating of food cans has been restricted by different authorities in many countries, such as in Europe. However, such regulation does not exist in many other countries including Lebanon. Due to the lack of data on the quality of Lebanese can production; this study investigates the migration of BPA from two types of tinplate cans manufactured in Lebanon, before and after sterilisation. Cans were analysed under different storage conditions (time and temperature) and filled with an aqueous simulant. The determination of BPA was carried out using UPLC with fluorescence detection, and further confirmed by MS detection. After sterilisation BPA levels drastically increased from an average of 0.15 to 109 µg/kg, giving a BPA migration around 10.5 µg/dm2 for both types of cans. Storage temperature and time had no significant influence on BPA levels in sterilised cans (p-value > 0.05); however, these factors significantly affected BPA levels in non-sterilised cans.

An electrochemical sensor for the determination of bisphenol A using glassy carbon electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide-silver/poly-l-lysine nanocomposites

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an effective endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) that causes adverse effects on human health and environment. Therefore, it is indispensable to construct efficacious methods for evaluating the level of BPA to enhance the quality of life. In this study, a facile electrochemical sensor based on reduced graphene oxide-silver/poly-l-lysine nanocomposites (RGO-Ag/PLL) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) is proposed for the detection of BPA. The synthesized RGO-Ag/PLL nanocomposites displays high electrocatalytic activity towards the electrochemical oxidation of BPA. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is used as an analytical method for the quantitative determination of BPA, and the fabricated electrochemical sensor exhibits a linear response to BPA in the range of 1–80μM with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.54μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Additionally, the developed RGO-Ag/PLL/GCE sensor is applied to detect the BPA in drinking water, and obtains satisfactory results.

Determination of bisphenols with estrogenic activity in plastic packaged baby food samples using solid-liquid extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis

Bisphenols (BPs) are a family of chemicals with known endocrine disrupting activity. Bisphenol A (BPA) is the most representative prototype of this group of chemicals. Recently, the use of BPA, a prototype of endocrine disruptors, has been reduced and replaced with structural analogs due to its negative effects on both the environment and consumers. In this work, a new method is presented for the determination of seven BPs, with estrogenic activity in ready-to-eat plastic packaged baby foods. The procedure involves the isolation of the analytes using solid-liquid phase extraction with acetonitrile followed by a clean-up step with a mixture of dispersive-SPE sorbents (C18 and PSA) and magnesium sulphate, to reduce matrix effect from proteins, sugars and lipids. Extraction parameters were optimized using multivariate optimization methods. The compounds were detected and quantified by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The limits of quantification were between 0.1 and 1.2ngg−1 for the studied analytes. The method was validated using matrix–matched calibration and recovery assays with spiked samples. Recovery rates were between 91% and 110% and % RSD was lower than 13% in all cases. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of these endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in samples of a novel type of food consumed by pre-schoolers. This is the first study to analyze EDCs in plastic packaged foods consumed by this target group.

Preparation and Characterization of Graphenized Pencil Lead Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Bisphenol A in Canned Food and Plastic Bottled Drinking Water Samples

Preparation and Characterization of Graphenized Pencil Lead Electrode for Sensitive Determination of Bisphenol A in Canned Food and Plastic Bottled Drinking Water Samples