Determination Of Ammonia Nitrogen Research Articles

Recovery of Agricultural Waste to Obtain Compost

The aim of this study is to make compost in a specialized container, using household and agricultural waste from own farm and the physicochemical characterization of obtained compost. The physicochemical characterization of the compost samples was carried out through the following determinations: determination of moisture, pH, determination of total soluble salts, determination of nitrate nitrogen, determination of nitrite, determination of ammonium nitrogen and determination of organic matter content. The compost samples analysed showed a high physicochemical quality. The use of compost offers environmentally friendly solutions with a long-term impact on the environment and quality of life.

Efeito do Tempo de Ensilagem sobre a composição química, perfil Fermentativo e Estabilidade Aeróbia de Silagens de Milho (Zea mays)

A silagem de milho é amplamente utilizada, devido a sua qualidade nutricional, produção de matéria seca por ha-1 e bom padrão fermentativo. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do tempo de ensilagem sobre o padrão fermentativo, qualidade nutricional, perdas e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens de milho (Zea mays). Empregou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (0; 12; 24 e 48h para ensilagem após o corte da forrageira) e cinco repetições. Após 30 dias de fermentação foram determinadas as perdas por efluentes, perdas por gases e recuperação de matéria seca. Para o ensaio de estabilidade, foram retiradas aproximadamente 2kg de silagem de cada unidade experimental e adicionadas em recipientes plásticos com capacidade de 4 litros, foram aferidas a temperatura (intervalo de 2 horas), pH e condutividade elétrica (intervalo de 6 horas) Realizou-se a determinação de nitrogênio amoniacal, capacidade tamponante e dióxido de carbono. A composição química-bromatologica, avaliou-se os teores de matéria seca, matéria mineral, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente neutro e ácido, carboidratos totais, carboidratos não fibrosos, proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro e ácido e hemicelulose. Todos os resultados foram submetidos a teste de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. O período de ensilagem não influenciou as perdas fermentativas para as perdas por gases e recuperação de matéria seca. O padrão químico da silagem não teve alteração para o teor de proteína bruta com médias de 84,60g; 78,26g; 82,58g e 74,22g, respectivamente para os tratamentos 0h; 12h; 24h e 48h. O tempo de ensilagem após o corte altera a dinâmica de produção de carbono, aumenta o teor de nitrogênio amoniacal, reduz a capacidade tamponante e diminui a estabilidade da silagem.

Analysis of influencing factors for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in water by spectrophotometry

The research is supported by a Project Funded by the brand professional project form Yancheng teachers college (2016) and the teaching reform and practice of medicinal chemistry (2018YCTUJGY006) and the innovation and entrepreneurship training program for college students in jiangsu province （ 201910324016Z ） Abstract The content of ammonia nitrogen in water was determined by national standard method - nessler's reagent spectrophotometry. Through comparison, it was found that the method of reagent configuration, the amount of reagent, the detection wavelength, the color development time and the temperature had an impact on the analysis results in the ammonia nitrogen measurement in water by the reagent spectrophotometry. Based on the experimental results, the factors influencing the determination of ammonia nitrogen by spectrophotometry with nessler's reagent were discussed. Keywords Nessler's reagent spectrophotometry, Ammonia nitrogen, Influencing factors, Blank value, ABS value, Correlation coefficient. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-31-08 Publication date: November 30 th 2019

Rapid determination of ammonia nitrogen in sewage by headspace gas chromatography

This paper reports a novel method for the rapid determination of ammonia nitrogen in sewage by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) through a chemical reaction. During the experiment, formaldehyde, initially in excess, was reacted with NH4+ in a headspace bottle to produce a strong acid with equal molarity. Thereafter, NaHCO3 was reacted with the newly generated acid to produce CO2. In the final step, the released CO2 was determined using a gas chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector. Good linear correlation between the ammonia nitrogen content and the gas chromatographic signals was achieved. The observed correlation coefficient was 0.999, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.786 mg/L (measured based on the mass concentration of N). The relative standard deviation of reproducibility was less than 2%, and the standard recovery was between 95% and 105%. Compared with Nassar's reagent method, the relative deviation of this method is within ±5%. This method has high detection efficiency and is suitable for the rapid batch detection of ammonia nitrogen in sewage.

Environmentally friendly method for determination of ammonia nitrogen in fertilisers and wastewaters based on flow injection-spectrophotometric detection using natural reagent from orchid flower

ABSTRACTCrude aqueous extract from the orchid ‘Dendrobium Sonia earsakul’ was utilised as a natural product reagent in flow injection analysis (FIA) incorporating a gas diffusion unit (GD) for the determination of ammonia nitrogen. Sample solution was injected into a NaOH donor stream to generate ammonia gas (NH3). In the GD unit, NH3 diffused across a PTFE gas-permeable membrane into the acceptor stream of the orchid extract. As the result, the aqueous orchid reagent became more alkaline and its colour changed from purple to green. The change in the colour of orchid acceptor correlated with the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the sample and its absorbance monitored by a spectrophotometer at 600 nm. Ammonia nitrogen in chemical fertiliser samples and wastewater samples from agricultural fields were determined and reported as %N (w/w) and mg N L−1, respectively. For chemical fertilisers which contained high content of ammonia nitrogen, a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 and injection volume of 100 µL were used with a linear range of 5–40 mmol L−1 and detection limit of 2.12 mmol L−1. However, a higher sensitivity was required for wastewater samples having low ammonia nitrogen content. The flow rate was reduced to 0.3 mL min−1 and the injection volume increased to 1000 µL. As a result, detection limit of 0.76 mmol L−1 was achieved with linear range of 1–5 mmol L−1. The results of our method agreed well with that using the OPA method employing fluorescence detection.

Establishment of ruminal enzyme activities and fermentation capacity in dairy calves from birth through weaning

The objectives of this study were to characterize the establishment of ruminal fermentation and enzymatic activities in dairy calves from birth to weaning (d 83). Six Holstein calves, immediately separated from their mother at birth, were fed colostrum for 3 d after birth, and thereafter milk replacer, starter pelleted concentrate, and hay until d 83 of age. Ruminal samples were collected from each calf every day for the first 10 d, and additionally at d 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, 33, 36, 40, 43, 47, 50, 55, 62, 69, and 83. Ruminal samples were collected 1h after milk feeding with a stomach tube. The pH and redox potential (Eh) were immediately measured. Samples were kept for further determination of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, and xylanase, amylase, urease, and protease activities. Ruminal pH averaged 6.69, 5.82, and 6.34, from d 1 to 9, d 10 to 40, and d 43 to 83 of age, respectively. At first day of life, the ruminal Eh value was positive (+224mV). From d 2 to 9, d 10 to 40, and d 43 to 83 of age, ruminal Eh averaged −164, −115, and −141mV, respectively. From d 1 to 3, d 4 to 22, and d 26 to 83 of age, NH3-N concentration averaged 60.1, 179.8, and 58.2 mg/L, respectively. No VFA were detected in ruminal samples collected on d 1 of life of calves. From d 2 to 10 and d 12 to 83 of age, ruminal total VFA concentration averaged 19.5 and 84.4mM, respectively. Neither ruminal xylanase or amylase activities were observed at d 1 of age. From d 5 to 15 and d 19 to 83 of age, the xylanase activity averaged 182.2 and 62.4 μmol of sugar released per hour per gram of ruminal content dry matter (DM), respectively. From d 5 to 83 of age, the amylase activity reached 35.4 μmol of sugar released per hour per gram of ruminal content DM. The ruminal ureolytic activity was observed with an average value of 6.9 μg of NH3-N released per minute per gram of ruminal content DM over the 83-d experimental period. From d 1 to 4 and d 5 to 83 of age, the proteolytic activity was 8.2 and 27.9 optical density units per hour per gram of ruminal content DM, respectively. The fermentative and enzymatic activities were rapidly established in the rumen from d 2 after birth. Most parameters did not evolve further after 1 mo of age.

Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen in KCl Extracts of Cropland Soils by Using 2-Hydroxybiphenyl Sodium Salt

Determination of Ammonium Nitrogen in KCl Extracts of Cropland Soils by Using 2-Hydroxybiphenyl Sodium Salt

Potentiometric determination of ammonium ions in quality control of the production of antibiotics

A simple and rapid procedure for the potentiometric determination of ammonium nitrogen in culture liquids used in the production of benzyl penicillin and chlorotetracycline was developed using an ammonium-selective electrode with a liquid membrane

Determination of ammonia nitrogen in the urine of small ruminants

The objective of the present work was to compare colorimetric and distillation–titration methods to determine the ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in sheep and goat urine samples. Colorimetric methods used were based on the indophenol reaction, whereas titrimetric methods were based on the alkali distillation of ammonia from the urine and its titrimetric determination with a standard acid. Colorimetric methods were only reliable when urine samples were diluted at least 1: 20. Both colorimetric and alkali-distillation methods gave quantitative recoveries with standard NH3-N solutions, but when NH3-N was determined in urine samples there was a significant discrepancy between analytical methods on the measured concentrations. These were between 1·3 and 10-fold (on average 2·6-fold) higher with alkali distillation than with the colorimetric method. The difference between concentrations measured by both analytical methods was significantly related (R2 = 0·990; P < 0·001) to the concentration of urea in the urine samples. To study the effect of urea concentration, standard solutions containing variable concentrations of urea and NH3-N were prepared, and NH3-N concentration determined by both methods. Concentrations measured by colorimetry were similar to the actual concentrations irrespective of the urea concentration of the solutions. In urea-free solutions, alkali-distillation methods gave values similar to the actual concentrations, but when urea was present observed values were consistently higher than the expected concentrations. The overestimation increased with the urea concentration of the solutions, with a significant (P < 0·001) relationship between both variables. Colorimetric methods were more reliable to measure NH3-N concentrations in urine samples containing high urea concentrations. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.

Determination of ammonia nitrogen in the urine of small ruminants

The objective of the present work was to compare colorimetric and distillation–titration methods to determine the ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration in sheep and goat urine samples. Colorimetric methods used were based on the indophenol reaction, whereas titrimetric methods were based on the alkali distillation of ammonia from the urine and its titrimetric determination with a standard acid. Colorimetric methods were only reliable when urine samples were diluted at least 1: 20. Both colorimetric and alkali-distillation methods gave quantitative recoveries with standard NH3-N solutions, but when NH3-N was determined in urine samples there was a significant discrepancy between analytical methods on the measured concentrations. These were between 1·3 and 10-fold (on average 2·6-fold) higher with alkali distillation than with the colorimetric method. The difference between concentrations measured by both analytical methods was significantly related (R2 = 0·990; P < 0·001) to the concentration of urea in the urine samples. To study the effect of urea concentration, standard solutions containing variable concentrations of urea and NH3-N were prepared, and NH3-N concentration determined by both methods. Concentrations measured by colorimetry were similar to the actual concentrations irrespective of the urea concentration of the solutions. In urea-free solutions, alkali-distillation methods gave values similar to the actual concentrations, but when urea was present observed values were consistently higher than the expected concentrations. The overestimation increased with the urea concentration of the solutions, with a significant (P < 0·001) relationship between both variables. Colorimetric methods were more reliable to measure NH3-N concentrations in urine samples containing high urea concentrations. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.

Simultaneous determination of ammonia nitrogen and L-glutamine in bioreactor media using flow injection.

A novel split stream flow injection (FI) system suitable for the simultaneous determination of L-glutamine and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) in cell culture media is described. Potentiometric detection of ammonia-N in one portion of the manifold is achieved using a commercial ammonia gas-sensing electrode fitted with a wall-jet cap. L-Glutamine is quantified in the other part of the split sample by potentiometric detection of ammonium ions (by an ammonium-selective polymer membrane electrode), liberated from the hydrolysis of glutamine after the sample flows through a glass bead reactor containing immobilized glutaminase. Endogenous ammonia-N and potassium ions that would normally interfere with the glutamine measurement are removed upstream using a unique tubular cation-exchange unit. Using 50 microliters sample volumes and mixed solutions of ammonium chloride and L-glutamine in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium to calibrate the FI measuring system, values for ammonia-N and L-glutamine determined for 22 media samples obtained from a bioreactor growing retroviral producer cells correlate well with those measured with commercial, manual enzymic-spectrophotometric assay kits.

Determination of Ammonium-Nitrogen by Molecular - Emission Spectroscopy in Premixed Cool flames

Determination of Ammonium-Nitrogen by Molecular - Emission Spectroscopy in Premixed Cool flames

Construction and evaluation of an automated flow injection‐stopped flowanalyser for multipoint reaction rate spectrophotometric methods. Determinationof ammonia nitrogen, creatinine and phosphate

The construction and evaluation of a fully automated Flow Injection-Stopped Flow (FI-SF) spectrophotometric analyser is described. A microcomputer (Rockwell AIM 65) is used to control the analyser (sample injection, stop and start of the pump) through a suitable interface. Data acquisition is achieved using a 12 bit ADC card and a suitable subroutine in 6502 assembly language, allowing data sampling at a frequency of 7.5 kHz. The measurement interface and software were evaluated using a voltage ramp generator. A precision of 0.02-1.1% RSD (N =10) was obtained for voltage ramps in the range of 1-37 mVs-1. The FI-SF analyser was evaluated in routine analysis by developing FI-SF kinetic spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ammonia nitrogen (20-250 ppm, 0.4-2.5% RSD) based on the Berthelot reaction, creatinine (20-220 ppm, 0.9-3.6% RSD) based on the Jaffé reaction, and phosphate (5-30 ppm, 1.0-3.3% RSD) based on the phosphomolybdenum blue reaction. The reaction rate is measured by linear fitting of multiple absorbance readings vs time. Algorithms for automated estimation of the residence time, the linear range of the reaction curve, and data treatment are presented.

Microassay for ammonium by determination of ammonia nitrogen in a nitrogen analyzer

The method described comprises the transformation of ammonium into ammonia, the rapid and gentle liberation of the ammonia followed by the measurement of the nitrogen in a Dohrmann nitrogen analyzer. Untreated biological samples (1–50 μl) were pipetted onto magnesium oxide tablets at 130°C and the ammonia liberated was transferred by a continuous stream of nitrogen carrier gas into the nitrogen analyzer. There the ammonia was determined by oxidative pyrolysis and subsequent chemiluminescence measurement of the excited NO 2. The result could be read in nanograms ammonia nitrogen within 6.5 min. Apart from volatile amines, which are usually negligible in biological samples, the method was specific for ammonia because under the given conditions of volatilization the labile groups of glutamine and asparagine did not interfere. The assay was sensitive in the range of 1.5–150 nmol ammonia and suitable for the routine analysis of small samples.

Determination of ammonium nitrogen in silage samples by an ammonia electrode

Abstract Ammonium nitrogen can be determined in silage samples using an ammonia electrode. Dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1N HCl) is used to extract the ammonium nitrogen from the fresh silage samples. The electrode method is rapid, simple and precise, and gives quantitative recoveries of added ammonium. Results agree closely with distillation of the silage sample.

Determination of ammonium nitrogen in animal slurries by an ammonia electrode

Abstract Ammonium nitrogen in animal slurries can be determined using an Orion ammonia electrode. Dilute hydrochloric acid (0.1N HCl) is used to extract the ammonium nitrogen from the slurries. The electrode method of analysis is simple, rapid and precise and gives quantitative recovery of added ammonium. Results agree closely with the standard steam distillation‐titration method.

Stanovení amoniakálního dusíku a fosfátů jedinou stupňovou titrací.

Stanovení amoniakálního dusíku a fosfátů jedinou stupňovou titrací.

Rapid new methods for the determination of nitrogen in fertilisers and other compounds : Automatic analysis

The determination of ammonia nitrogen, or the sum of nitrate and ammonia nitrogen in fertilisers as described in a previous article, has been automated. In routine work one operator can analyse 50 samples (including grinding, weighing, distillation and titration) within one hour; the total time of analysis per sample does not exceed 3.5 min.