Determinants Of Household Food Security Research Articles

Socioeconomic determinants of household food security in the Red Sea state of Sudan: insights from a cross-sectional survey

Socioeconomic determinants of household food security in the Red Sea state of Sudan: insights from a cross-sectional survey

Drivers of food and nutrition security during the lean period in southeastern Madagascar

The rural population in southeastern Madagascar faces widespread poverty and weak resilience to frequent climate shocks, both contributing to severe food and nutrition insecurity. For effective policy responses and tailored interventions, development stakeholders need to know which factors determine household food and nutrition security status. In particular, the relative contributions of on-farm production diversity versus cash income are of importance since they would suggest different intervention priorities. We collected survey data on household food security and women's diets during the lean season, where improvements are most needed, as well as on households' agricultural activities, market participation, and sources of cash income from 413 randomly sampled households. Regression results suggest that frequent market participation and cash income from non-farm self-employment improve food security, but on-farm diversity does not. Other determinants of household food security include livestock assets and maternal education. Women's dietary diversity, in contrast, is associated only with market participation. The importance of market participation for food and nutrition security reflects the situation in the lean period, when farm production is low and many households' food supply relies, in part, on market purchases enabled by non-agricultural income. Our findings imply that a focus on developing food markets and enabling opportunities for income generation are likely viable strategies for improving the rural food and nutrition security situation during the lean period in southeastern Madagascar. Relatively food- and nutrition-secure households are characterized by their ability to mobilize cash (e.g., from non-farm self-employment) to purchase food.

Modeling inequality in access to agricultural productive resources and socioeconomic determinants of household food security in Ghana: a cross-sectional study

Women in rural communities remain the most vulnerable population in accessing agricultural productive resources with dire implications for food security, malnutrition, and poverty. Effective agricultural and food-related policies should be based on a better understanding of the complex inter-relationship of how socioeconomic, demographic, gender, women empowerment, and geographical location indicators simultaneously affect access to agricultural productive resources and food security. The study quantified the level of inequality in access to agricultural productive resources and explored the mechanism through which socioeconomic status mediates the effect of geographic location on food security. This is a community-based cross-sectional study using a multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling design to generate a representative sample of the target population who live in coastal and non-coastal communities. The Gini inequality index, generalized structural equation models, multivariable modified Poisson and Negative binomial regression models were used. The inequality in access to agricultural productive resources was marginally higher among women than in men, higher in the coastal areas than in the non-coastal areas, and higher among women with low empowerment in agricultural production decision-making. The empowerment of women in agricultural decision-making was found to increase with age, as older women were more empowered to make decisions in agriculture. Approximately 17% [95% CI 15.6–18.6] of the population were food-secured (coastal = 13.9%, non-coastal communities = 20.7%). Socioeconomic status mediates the effect of living in coastal versus non-coastal rural communities on food security. To improve food security, the government should prioritize interventions geared toward improving women's access to productive agricultural resources. These interventions must consider gender-specific constraints, poverty alleviation schemes, legal framework, sociocultural factors, and decision-making power.

Food security definition, measures and advocacy priorities in high-income countries: a Delphi consensus study.

To establish an international consensus on the definition of food security, measures and advocacy priorities in high-income countries. A two-round online Delphi survey with closing in March 2020 and December 2021. Consensus was set a priori at 75 %. Qualitative data were synthesised and priorities were ranked. High-income countries. Household food security experts in academia, government and non-government organisations who had published in the last 5 years. Up to thirty-two participants from fourteen high-income countries responded to the Delphi with a 25 % response rate in Round 1 and a 38 % response rate in Round 2. Consensus was reached on the technical food security definition and its dimensions. Consensus was not reached on a definition suitable for the general public. All participants agreed that food security monitoring systems provide valuable data for in-country decision-making. Favoured interventions were those that focused on upstream social policy influencing income. Respondents agreed that both national and local community level strategies were required to ameliorate food insecurity, reinforcing the complexity of the problem. This study furthers the conceptual understanding of the commonly used definition of food security and its constituent dimensions. Strong advocacy is needed to ensure food security monitoring, policy and mitigation strategies are implemented. The consensus on the importance of prioritising actions that address the underlying determinants of household food security by experts in the field from across wealthy nations provides evidence to focus advocacy efforts and generate public debate.

Assess the level and the determinants of household food security in Togo: The food expenditures approach

This paper assesses the level and the determinants of household food security in Togo using Unified Questionnaire on Basic Indicators of Well-Being. Data were analyzed using the Forster-Greer-Thorbecke estimation method and logistic regression. Results show that the incidence of food insecurity in Togo is 59%. This incidence is 67% in rural areas against 53% in urban areas. Being literate, household size, access to health services, proximity to the market and food price shock are the determinants of household food security status in Togo. Therefore, to effectively address the food security problem in Togo, food pricing and decent employment creation policies should be considered to improve household income. Family planning policies are also important to promote. All these policies must take into account the most vulnerable and marginalized groups such as the poor, rural residents and women.

Determinants of household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic in Tulungagung, East Java

Food insecurity remains a significant problem in Indonesia, with severe levels of hunger, due to inadequate food consumption and poor quality. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the food system and possible income losses have threatened household food security in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the determinants of household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive-analytic research method with a cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2021. The sampling technique used random sampling to obtain two villages with 187 parents in Tulungagung, East Java. Data collection on sociodemographic characteristics, social assistance, the impact of COVID-19, coping strategies, and household food security used interview techniques via WhatsApp and telephone. Testing in this study used chi-square for bivariate analysis and multiple logistic Regression for multivariate analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of food insecurity in Tulungagung was 56,1%. After adjusting for several potential confounding factors, such as income (p= 0,021; OR= 2,388), type of social assistance (NGO) (p= 0,002; OR= 3,945), change in employment status (p= 0,044; OR= 2,026), and food compromise coping strategy (p= 0,008; OR= 10,134) are determinants of household food security. In conclusion, the determinants of household food security are income, change in employment status, type of social assistance (NGO), and food compromise coping strategies.

Determinants of Urban food security status at household level: The case of Bahir Dar and Gondar Cities of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Despite its growing relevance and far-reaching implications, urban food security has received little attention from the government of Ethiopia. Culturally, food insecurity is commonly expected in rural households. However, it is considerable in urban settings too, which has been hardly recognized in the study area. The general objective of this study was to identify factors determining household food security in urban areas. The study relied on survey data from 365 systematically selected urban household heads. Key informant interviews and FGDs were employed to supplement the structured questionnaire. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify determinants of household food security. The study revealed that only 31% of married households were food insecure, contrary to 80% of single-headed ones. Besides, food insecurity is most prevalent among private house renters, 83%, as opposed to 28% who own their houses. The Foster-Gordon-Thorbecke model revealed that food insecurity’s incident, depth, and severity were 54%, 15%, and 5.6%, respectively. This implies that if the regional government can mobilize to cover 15% of the caloric needs of food-insecure households, it can bring them up to the recommended daily caloric requirement so that food insecurity can be eradicated. At P < 0.05, the binary logistic regression model indicated that sex, house ownership, income, marital status, remittances, and credit services were significant drivers of household food insecurity. The particular characteristics and drivers of urban food security and the vast inequalities within metropolitan regions necessitate customized programs and policies that address the needs of the urban poor. The study recommended that private, government, and NGOs be actively involved and provide top and urgent priority to increase the income-generating capability, stabilize skyrocketing prices, build communal housing, and provide loans with affordable interest rates.

Determinants of Household Food Security during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted national and household food security in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to: (1) identify the socio-economic characteristics of Indonesian households related to food security, (2) analyze the factors that have affected household food security during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (3) provide recommendations for improving programs to increase household food security. The study was conducted in eight provinces in Indonesia, namely North Sumatra, Lampung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, and West Nusa Tenggara. Data collection was carried out from April to July 2020. The results showed that 50.63% of the households surveyed were food insecure. The binary-logit-regression-model results showed that variables of gender, age, family size, education, occupation, income, and expenditure on food had a significant effect on household food security status. Variables that had a positive influence on household food security were gender, age, education, occupation, income, and food expenditure. On the other hand, household size had a negative effect on household food security. The marginal effect of gender was 0.035, age was 0.058, education was 0.192, type of work was 0.016, income level was 0.521, and food expenditure was 0.114, while for the number of family members the marginal effect was 15.725. This study was conducted in eight provinces affected by COVID-19, using the Household-Food- Insecurity-Access-Scale and binary-logit model approaches, which had never been performed before. Policy and program recommendations for increasing household food security in Indonesia are presented.

The state of food security and its determinants in Ghana: an ordered probit analysis of the household hunger scale and household food insecurity access scale

The issue of food insecurity has been well documented to be severe in northern Ghana. Several attempts have been made to curb the situation, but the effects of these interventions are unknown. Using responses from 405 rural households, this paper estimates the determinants of food insecurity in the Upper East region. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and an ordered probit regression. The Household Food Security Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Household Hunger Scale (HHS) were the two measures of household food security used in the study. This paper validates and compares the two measures used to check whether determinants and status of household food security differ between the two measures. The findings show that the two measures of food security agreed on most of the significant determinants of household food security. Factors such as education of household head, households’ farm size, access to credit and access to extension services were significant determinants of household food security by both measures. Factors such as household size, access to good roads, access to formal cooperative and availability of paid jobs were found to be significant determinants of household food security with the HFIAS, while gender of household head and distance to market were significant determinants of food security in the HHS model. The study recommends improved education, social structures such as good roads and markets as well as support services such as credit and extension to combat food insecurity. These key steps should be taken as pillars to the sustainable implementation of Agenda 2063 for a food secure Africa.

Food security status and its determinants among rural households of Tach Gaint District, North West Ethiopia

Food security is a challenge facing all countries, especially those in Sub-Sahara Africa. Ending hunger, achieving food security, and improving nutrition are the Nations’ 2030 core goals which Ethiopia is striving to attain. Therefore, assessing rural household food security contributes to this effort. Accordingly, the present study intended to investigate the determinants of rural food security at the household level in Tach Gaint district, South Gondar Zone, Amhara region. The study employed a cross-sectional research design composed of both quantitative and qualitative research approaches. It used a random sampling technique to select sample households. Household surveys, key informant interviews, and focused group discussions were conducted to collect primary data. A total of 200 households were covered by the questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The study revealed that nearly half of the sampled households were food insecure. The binary logistic regression results showed seven out of twelve explanatory variables: sex, household size, livestock number in Tropical Livestock Unit, farmland size, oxen number, age, and credit access as determinants of household food security. In conclusion, the determinants of food security are complex and call for multifaceted interventions. Such efforts should include resettling food insecure households where better land resources are available, establishing skill training centers for farming households, enhancing rural credit services ,and expanding and improving family planning services.

Determinants of Household Food Security in Tamalate District Makassar City

This study examines the food security dynamics among farmer and non-farmer households in Barombong Village, Tamalate District, Makassar City, focusing on determinants that influence household food security. Employing purposive sampling, 40 respondents were selected, and multiple linear regression alongside quantitative descriptive statistics were utilized for analysis. Results indicate significant disparities in food and non-food expenditures between the two groups. While both had high expenditures on side dishes, cigarettes, and rice, farmer households additionally faced significant costs for education, celebration donations, and fuel oil, compared to non-farmer households’ education, electricity, and fuel expenses. Food expenditure constituted 72% of farmer household budgets, whereas it was 65.26% for non-farmer households. Strikingly, only 10% of farmer households were food-secure, compared to 40% of non-farmer households. Crucially, household food security was notably influenced by income, family size, formal education, and sugar prices. Higher income and educational levels correlated with increased food security, while larger families and elevated sugar prices were linked to diminished food security. This research underscores the paradoxical vulnerability of farmer households in food security issues and stresses the need for targeted agricultural and social interventions in the region.

Determinants of Household Food Security Based On The Status of Human Development Index (HDI) in the Province of West Nusa Tenggara

This study aims to determine the determinants or factors that affect household food security in areas with moderate HDI status and areas with high HDI status. Based on the data of the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) March 2021 from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), this study is conducted by using multinomial logistic regression method to archieve the objective. The results show that poverty status, dummy recipients of the BPNT program, presence of toilets and presence of toddlers have significant effect to the food security household in areas with high HDI status. While in areas with moderate HDI status, the factors that affect household food security are poverty status, gender of the head of the household, classification of residential area, presence of toilets and presence of toddlers. From this research it is necessary to apply policies that can strengthen household food security in both the moderata HDI and high HDI areas, especially in poor households with toddlers.

Food Diversification and Dynamic Food Security: Evidence from Poor Households

An understanding of the determinants of household food security is fundamental for an appropriate food security strategy. Taking the cases in Kulonprogo and Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta Special Region, we examine the effect of food diversification on the food security of poor households dynamically related to climate change. In addition, we investigate the impact of socioeconomic factors of human capital such as household age, education, household size, income, livestock, land ownership, and dynamic location on food security. There are four categories of dynamics of food security, namely always safe, improving, worse, and always food insecure. We use primary data with longitudinal surveys during El Nino and La Nina. The sample size is 195 households receiving the Family Hope program. To examine the relationship between livelihood assets and food security dynamics, we used Multinomial Logit Regression. The study found that food diversification significantly increases the food security of poor households. Besides that, income, maternal education, livestock, and land ownership can maintain household food security. Therefore, appropriate food security strategies can focus on food diversification programs, education, and financial sector interventions.

Household Food Insecurity Status and Determinants: The Case of Botswana and South Africa

This study used a survey questionnaire to investigate the state and determinants of household food security in South Africa and Botswana. In South Africa, 1557 households in two District Municipalities within Eastern Cape Province participated in the study. In Botswana, data was collected from 506 in Southern Kanye, southeast District, and Gaborone households. The paper employed Household Food Insecurity Access Scale and Prevalence to investigate the state food security across the sample population. The Household Food Insecurity Access Prevalence was used to determine the characteristics of and changes in household food insecurity of the sample households. The linear and ordinal regression analyses were carried out to outline determinants of food insecurity in the region. Findings emanating from the current study show a high prevalence of food insecurity in both countries. Meanwhile, geographical location, household size, and socio-economic infrastructure emerged as common determinants of food security for Botswana and South Africa. The paper recommends state-mediated intervention to improve access to basic socio-economic infrastructure and address unemployment rates in both countries as key areas to improve food security status.

Analyzing the contribution of crop diversification in improving household food security among wheat dominated rural households in Sinana District, Bale Zone, Ethiopia

BackgroundAgriculture is considered an important strategy for overcoming many of the emergencies faced by rural households in developing countries. In rural Ethiopia household access to food largely depends on what the household grows, either because they consume what they grow, or they purchase food with the income earned from what they grow. This study examines effect of crop diversification on food security and determinants of household food security among rural farm households of Sinana District, Oromia Regional state. The study uses a multi stage sampling procedure to select 384 sample households. Data were collected using a household survey, a focus group discussant (FGD), and key informant interviews. Ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and multinomial logistic regression model were used to analyze the data collected.ResultsWe found that crop diversification had a positive and significant effect on household food security. Although crop diversification was positively associated with household food security, several other factors were found to be as or more important in increasing household food security. The education of the household head, access to irrigation system, livestock owned, total income, and remittance positively affected household food security. In contrast, age of household head and distance to nearest market were negatively associated with food security.ConclusionsThe study conclude that any effort to increase household food security should consider empowerment of farmers through adequate training and informal education, enhancing crop diversification, strengthening the rural infrastructural development (roads, market centers, and cooperatives).

A structured expert judgement elicitation approach: how can it inform sound intervention decision-making to support household food security?

To examine structured expert judgement (SEJ) elicitation as a method to provide robust, defensible data for three determinants of household food security (food cost, household disposable income and physical access) for quantifying a proof-of-concept integrating decision support system for food security. SEJ elicitation is a validated method for obtaining unavailable data, but its use in household food security in high-income countries is novel. Investigate Discuss Estimate Aggregate (IDEA) elicitation protocol was implemented, including quantitative and qualitative elements. Using specific questions related to three determinants, food security experts were encouraged to Investigate - estimate individual first-round responses to these questions, Discuss - with each other evidence on the reasoning and logic of their estimates, Estimate - second-round responses, following which these judgements were combined using mathematical Aggregation. Victoria, Australia. Five experts with a range of expertise in the area of household food insecurity participated in the SEJ elicitation process. The experts' ability to provide reliable estimates was tested and informed the aggregation of the collection of individual estimates into a single quantity of interest for use in decision support. The results of the quantitative elicitation show the impact of combinations of varying household income, food cost and physical access on household food security status and severity and is supported by the experts reasoning during elicitation. This research provides insight to the application of SEJ where elicited data can inform and support intervention decision-making specific to household food security, especially where evidence is absent or of poor quality.

Determinants of household food security and dietary diversity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.

The study aimed to determine the associated factors of household food security (HFS) and household dietary diversity (HDD) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Both online survey and face-to-face interviews were employed in this cross-sectional study. The Household Food Security Scale and Household Dietary Diversity Score were used to access HFS and HDD, respectively. The HDD scores were derived from a 24-h recall of food intake from 12 groups. Bangladesh. A total sample of 1876 households were recruited. The overall mean scores of HFS and HDD were 31·86 (sd 2·52) and 6·22 (sd 5·49), respectively. Being a rural resident, having no formal education, occupation of household head other than government job and low monthly income were potential determinants of lower HFS and HDD. Approximately 45 % and 61 % of Bangladeshi households did not get the same quantity and same type of food, respectively, as they got before the pandemic. Over 10 % of respondents reported that they lost their job or had to close their businesses, and income reduction was reported by over 70 % of household income earners during the COVID-19 pandemic, which in turn was negatively associated with HFS and HDD. Household socio-economic variables and COVID-19 effects on occupation and income are potential predictors of lower HFS and HDD scores. HFS and HDD deserve more attention during this pandemic particularly with reference to low-earning households and the households whose earning persons' occupation has been negatively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Determinants of Food Security among Rural Women in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Adequate nutrition is a crucial component of a healthy society. One of the major problems of human health is malnutrition and it is in every society. Rural households engage in food production, yet, they are mostly food insecure.This study accessed the determinants of food security among rural women in Kaduna state. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to draw the sample. Four rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly selected, while three villages were randomly sampled from each LGA resulting in 12 villages. Ten percent of the rural women in each of the sampled villages were randomly selected to give a total of 240 respondents. Interview schedule was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Chi–square, Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) and Regression. Mean age was 29.7±8.08 years. Most (60.4%) of the respondents were Christians. Thirty-four percent of the respondents hadsecondary education while some (40.0%) of the respondents were involved in trading. Dry season was considered as season of abundance by majority (70.8%) of the respondents. PPMC indicates that age (r=0.119; p=0.009) and household size, (r = 0.221; P = 0.001) were significantly related with household food security, while position as wife (β= 0.194), household size (β= -0.173) and monthly income (β= -0.095) were major determinants of household food security. Rural women have reasonable access to food. The study recommends that rural women should practice home gardening and domesticate animals to enhance food secured rural family.

English

This study contributes to the literature by presenting empirical evidence on the drivers of rural household food security, which is critical for food security policy implementation. We used household survey data collected from 265 households from rural central Uganda, and a binary logistic regression model to estimate the determinants of household food security. Households with more land size, no livestock, and smaller household size were found as being more food secure. The results suggest the need to: review policies on land tenure system and land use, promote food storage and market for produce and to design strategies to increase household incomes. Key words: Food security, determinants, Logit model, households, Gomba, Uganda.

Assess the Determinants of Household Food Security in the Case of Agro-Pastoral Kebeles of Yabello Woreda, Southern Ethiopia

This study was commenced to examine the determinants of household food security in the agro- pastoral kebeles of Yabello woreda. The analysis was based on household survey data gathered from 168 randomly selected household heads in three agro-pastoral kebeles following probability proportional to population size sampling approach (PPS).Descriptive statistics, independent sample t- test, chi-squire tests and binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. The results of the analysis show that from the total surveyed households 39.9% were found to be food secured while the remaining 60.1% were food insecure. Five variables which include livestock ownership, household size, size of cultivated land, use of chemical fertilizer and distance to the market were found to be significant factors affecting household status of food security in the logistic regression model output. The findings suggest the need to improve the provision of services that improve livestock and agricultural production and microfinance to encourage the adoption of agricultural technologies. More training is important to encourage diversified crop production by the households. It is also important to improve the provision of basic infrastructural services such as rural roads and markets (especially livestock market centers) to facilitate livelihood diversification. Keywords: Household Food security, Logistic regression, Agro-pastoral, Yabello DOI: 10.7176/JPID/55-01 Publication date: August 31 st 2020