Formula For Determination Research Articles

Prevalence of baby factory and educational access in public secondary schools in Rivers State

This paper examined the prevalence of baby factory and educational access in public secondary schools in Rivers State. Specifically, the paper aimed at determining the impacts of baby factory prevalence on educational access of students, identifying areas mostly used for baby factory in Rivers State, determining factors responsible for the prevalence of baby factory in Rivers State, and to ascertain the extent baby factory prevalence impacts on educational access of students in Rivers State. The study adopted qualitative and descriptive research approach where secondary data were used as the main sources of data collection. The secondary data were collected from published journals, articles, seminar papers, periodicals, as well as interviews and semi-structured questionnaire. The population of the study consisted of all 185,146 senior secondary schools Students in Rivers State. A sample of 400 students was used. This was derived using Taro Yamane population determination formula. A self-designed questionnaire instrument titled: “Prevalence of Baby Factory and Educational Access Questionnaire (PBEAQ)” was used to elicit information from the respondents. Test re-test method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument which reliability co-efficient of 0.84 at 0.05 level of significance. Data collected was analysed using mean and standard deviation with the criterion mean of 2.50 as accepted while below is rejected. The study revealed that maternity, clinics, water bottling companies, prayer houses etc., are areas mostly used for the perpetuation of baby factory. The study further revealed that poverty, lack of information on human trafficking, corruption, are among the factors responsible for the prevalence of baby factory and can impact on access to education .Based on the confirmation, the following recommendations were made among others; intensive advocacy against baby factory prevalence, promulgation of laws, enlightenment of the teenage girls on prevention of unwanted pregnancy among others.

Resting energy expenditure in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: accuracy of available prediction formulas and development of population-specific methods.

Energy requirements are difficult to estimate in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Resting energy expenditure (REE), necessary to implement personalized nutritional interventions, is most commonly estimated using prediction formulae since indirect calorimetry, the reference method, is not available in all nutrition units. The aims of the present study were: (1) to evaluate the accuracy of the most commonly used REE prediction formulae developed for healthy children, in children with CP; (2) to assess the accuracy of the REE population-specific formula for CP children proposed in our preliminary report; (3) to develop new population-specific methods. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry in 100 children and adolescents with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy (SQCP) and estimated on the basis of predictive formulas selected by the clinicians [World Health Organization (WHO), Harris-Benedict, Schofield weight, Schofield weight & height, Oxford, Mifflin formulae and a population-specific formula for CP children developed in our preliminary report]. 100 children with SQCP (35 girls, 35%) classified as level V according to gross motor function classification system (GMFCS-V); 64% with oral nutrition, 29% total enteral nutrition (nasogastric tube feeding, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, percutaneous endoscopic transgastric jejunostomy) and 7% mixed nutrition. The median (IQR) REE was 41.96 (17.5) kcal/kg/day.Statistical analysis highlighted a proportional bias between the indirect calorimetry and all considered predictive formulae for REE determination. By studying the relationship between the bias and the mean values of REE, specific conversion equations were obtained. With a pre-specified model having as predictors the variable weight and the variable Triceps Skinfold (TSF) and, as response the variable REE measured by indirect calorimetry, a predictive nomogram was developed to estimate the REE in this population of children. We suggest using predictive formulae for healthy children with caution, and where possible carrying out indirect calorimetry to assess REE in children with CP. However, we propose a new tool which could be developed to become an additional help for assessment of REE in the clinical practice.Future objectives will be to obtain a larger sample size, in a multicenter perspective study, to build a specific predictive model for the REE of the studied population.

Influence of Negotiation Conflict Management Strategy on Teachers’ Productivity in Secondary Schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya

Conflicts are a common phenomenon in any given organization including the school system where there is human interaction. There has been persistent public concern on declining teachers’ productivity in public secondary schools in Uasin Gishu County. This is partly attributable to conflicts. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of negotiation conflict management strategy on teachers’ productivity in public secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County, Kenya. The study adopted correlational research design and targeted 156 principals and 1783 teachers from 156 public secondary schools. Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula was used to attain a sample size of 427 respondents. The study employed purposive sampling, stratified and simple random sampling approaches. Data was collected using questionnaires. The study used mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages and Pearson Correlation Analysis to analyze data which was presented in tables. The study found out that there was a significant positive correlation between negotiation and teachers’ productivity (r = .525; p = .000) in secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County. The paper concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between negotiation as a conflict management strategy and teachers’ productivity in secondary schools in Uasin-Gishu County showing that negotiation conflict management strategy positively enhances teachers’ productivity in secondary schools. The paper recommends that principals of secondary schools need to adopt conflict management approaches that strongly advocate for negotiation of all arising issues to ensure that compromise is easily reachable. This could be helpful in guiding management decisions and choices as to the most effective conflict management strategies to apply to resolve existing workplace conflicts.

Impact of Headteachers' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Job Performance in Sagnarigu Municipality in Northern Region of Ghana

Teachers' productivity and job performance in educational settings are significantly dictated by several factors, including the leadership styles employed by headteachers in the governance of schools. However, there is an ongoing debate among scholars in educational management as to which school governance style is the most effective and can facilitate high productivity among teachers. This research was therefore carried out to explore the effects of headteachers' leadership styles on the job performance of junior high school teachers in Sagnarigu Municipality in Ghana's Northern Region. The research adopted cross-sectional design informed by three research questions. Out of 82 schools, Yamane (1967) formula for sample size determination was used to randomly sample (N = 68 school heads) to complete a Questionnaire for Headteachers' Leadership Style (QHLS). Using Cronbach alpha formula, the reliability of the items on the questionnaire was validated. The Standardized Lesson Observation Scale (SLOS) was used to observe the instructional quality of 40 teachers. The study found excellent performance of teachers in quality lesson delivery with female teachers out-performing the males. Also, the sampled schools had more male teachers than females. The democratic leadership style was the most frequently used by headteachers with autocratic leadership approach being the least utilized. There was no statistically significant relationship between headteachers' leadership styles and job performance of teachers. The demographic characteristics of headteachers have no statistically significant influence on their leadership styles. The study recommends recruitment of more females as headteachers, capacity building for heads of schools, and periodic organization of Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs.

Effect of serum creatinine difference between the Jaffe and the enzymatic method on kidney disease detection and staging.

Serum creatinine (SCr), mainly determined by the Jaffe or an enzymatic method, is the central marker to assess kidney function. Deviations between these two methods may affect the diagnosis and staging of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The results of the first parallel SCr measurement (Jaffe and enzymatic method) of adult in- and outpatients in the same serum sample at the University Hospital Essen (Essen, Germany) between 2020-2022 were retrospectively evaluated. A Bland-Altman plot with 95% limits of agreement (LoAs) was used to assess the difference between the Jaffe and the enzymatic SCr (eSCr) method. We used the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for determination of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. A total of 41144 parallel SCr measurements were evaluated. On average, Jaffe SCr was 0.07mg/dl higher than eSCr (LoA -0.12; 0.25mg/dl). In 19% of all cases there was a different CKD stage when comparing eGFR between both SCr methods, of which 98% resulted in a more severe CKD stage determined with Jaffe SCr. In 1.6% of all cases Jaffe SCr was ≥0.3mg/dl higher than eSCr. The present study showed that methods of SCr measurement may affect both the diagnosis and staging of AKI and CKD. This must be taken into account when interpreting measurements of renal function in everyday clinical practice, but also when planning and comparing studies on renal diseases. One should therefore stay with one method for SCr measurement, preferably with the enzymatic method.

Influence of Project Teams on Performance of Nairobi County Government Health Center Projects in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of project teams on performance of Nairobi County Government health centre projects in Kenya.
 Methodology: This study will use of a descriptive research design. The study will target 15 completed healthcare projects byNMS. The target population for the study will therefore be 399 project management employees. The sample size will be derived from the target population using Yamane’s sample size determination formula. 1.9975. The 200 respondents will be chosen with the help of stratified random sampling technique. The study’s primary data will be obtained using semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative and qualitative data will be generated from the closed-ended and open-ended questions, respectively. Qualitative data will be analyzed on thematic basis and the findings provided in a narrative form. Inferential and descriptive statistics will be employed for analysis of quantitative data with the assistance of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). The study results will be presented through use of tables and figures.
 Findings: The study revealed that there was a significant relationship between project team communication and performance and Nairobi County health projects. It was further concluded that the size of the project team membership is effective and team members are constituted based on skills and abilities. The study also found that team members have order and ranks and formal organization never gets the way on how the job gets done. There is a policy framework that guides the formation of project team in the county and the project team has a clear vision. It was also showed that project team has a clear mission and the project team has a clear definition of the task to be performed. It was also concluded that project team development contributes to the productivity of the employees and training contributes to the development of project teams.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study was anchored on the human capital theory which was developed by Schutz (1961) and the theory of constraints which was propounded by created by Eliyahu Goldratt in 1984. It is recommended to establish a well-defined project structure with clearly defined roles, ensuring that each team member understands their responsibilities and how they contribute to the overall project goals. Regular communication and updates on roles and responsibilities should be maintained throughout the project lifecycle. It also recommended that project team should be comprise people with skills, expertise and diversity.

PRINCIPALS’ EDUCATIONAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND TEACHERS’ JOB PERFORMANCE IN PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

The paper investigated principals’ educational resource management and teachers’ job performance in private secondary schools in Delta State. Two research questions were raised and two corresponding hypotheses were tested in the study. A correlation survey design was adopted in the study. The population of the study was 15,951 (1,177 principals and 14,774 teachers) out of which 390 respondents (29 principals and 361 teachers) were sampled for the study using a stratified random sampling technique after applying the Taro Yamane minimum sample size determination formula. Two questionnaires titled “Principals Educational Resource Management Scale “PERMS” with 20 items and “Teachers Job Performance Scale” (TJPS) with 20 items were used to collect data on the independent and dependent variables of the study. The instruments were face and content validated by three experts in Measurement and Evaluation from the Department of Educational Psychology, Guidance and Counselling, University of Port Harcourt while Cronbach alpha was used to estimate the reliability of the questionnaires. Out of the 390 copies of the questionnaire administered, 352 copies (90.3%) were retrieved. The research questions were answered using simple regression while the hypotheses were tested using a t-test associated with simple regression at a 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study showed that financial and material resource management had a strong positive relationship of 0.630 and 0.728 with teachers’ job performance and contributed 39.8% and 53.1% respectively to teachers’ job performance. The relationship between both variables was also significant. The regular financial audit was recommended so that school funds can be judiciously used to promteachers’hers job performance.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0071/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Change Management And Job Performance Of Office Managers In Tertiary Institutions In Rivers State

This study examined change management and Job performance in manufacturing companies in Nigeria. Relevant conceptual, theoretical and empirical literatures were reviewed. The study conceptualises change management in terms of technological change, leadership change and change management strategies. This study was anchored on organizational change and Lewin`s Three Step Model. The study was carried out in eight (8) tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the generation of data. The instrument for data collection used in this study was the questionnaire. The population of the study consisted of eight hundred and thirty-six (836) Office and information managers in seven public tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The respondents to this research are 270 participants which constituted the sample size obtained through Taro Yamene Sample Size Determination Formula. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentages) were used as statistical tools for univariate analysiis the data, while simple linear regression analysis was used as statistical tool for bivariate analysis with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Change management strategies have effect on Job performance in manufacturing companies. Leadership changes have a positive influence on job performance of office managers in the tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The study concluded that change management is a determinant of office managers’ job performance in in tertiary institutions. The study recommends that technology change had influenced employee performance since it simplifies the work to be done, thereby making work more efficient. Organizations which implement new technology should provide proper training to their employees to increase their performance. Every organization should build strong organizational management strategies that help to build good relationships based on their values, norms, behaviours, and perceptions. Leadership changes leaders‟ mind-set, style, and behavior. The change process they design as a result of their orientation must encourage employees to want to participate, to choose to contribute, rather than force them to do so.

Effects of Availability and Access to Safe Drinking Water on Students’ Academic Performance in Secondary Schools in Muhoroni Sub-County, Kenya

Access to improved sanitation is an important component of human health and wellbeing. Minimum requirements for safe WASH in schools are not provided in most rural schools in Kenya. The current paper investigated the effects of availability and access to safe drinking water on students’ academic performance in secondary school in Muhoroni Sub-County, Kenya. Descriptive research design and mixed methodology was used. The target population was 2354 form three students and 23 teachers. Krejcie and Morgan sample size determination formula was used to obtain a sample size of 331 respondents. Questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data. Validity was determined by consulting research supervisors while reliability was determined through the use of Cronbach Alpha. Quantitative data were analysed by SPSS (version 25) and the findings presented using frequencies and percentages while qualitative data were thematically classified and arranged before they were reported in narrations and quotations. The study found that 65.4% of the learners reported that they were using safe drinking water in their schools. In addition, 63.3% of the study participants reported that their schools had reliable, sufficient and clean water supply. The study concluded that availability of safe drinking water at schools reduces the likelihood of water-related illnesses, such as diarrhea or other waterborne diseases. In addition, availability to sanitation facilities influence students’ academic performance among secondary school students. This study will give the current WASH scenario of schools in the study area that can help concerned authorities abide by WASH guidelines to improve the school’s WASH situation.

Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Competitive Advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Purpose: This study examined the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
 Methodology: The study adopted a cross sectional survey research design. The population for this study was 300 owners/managers of small and medium scale enterprises in Bayelsa State that are registered with the Small and Medium Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN). Primary data was collated using structured questionnaire. A sample size of 171 was obtained using the Taro Yamane sample size determination formula. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The inferential statistics absorbed three parametric inferential tests-Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC), One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Simple Regression Analysis. Pearson’s Product Moment Coefficient (PPMC) was used test the relationship between the variables, ANOVA was employed to test the differences in means of responses on the variables, while by means of simple regression, the study tested the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on competitive advantage. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. 
 Findings: Findings from the study revealed that entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly influences competitive advantage of SMEs in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate that entrepreneurial self-efficacy plays a significant role in influencing the competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study shed light on the importance of individuals' beliefs in their own abilities to effectively engage in entrepreneurial activities and how these beliefs impact the competitive positioning of their businesses.
 Recommendation: Therefore, the study recommends that there is need to encourage and support aspiring and existing SME owners to develop and enhance their entrepreneurial self-confidence. This can be achieved through entrepreneurship education and training programs, mentorship initiatives, and networking opportunities that focus on building self-belief, risk-taking abilities, and resilience.

Construction of determinants for the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions

We consider the problem of construction of determinant formulas for the partition function of the six-vertex model with domain wall boundary conditions that depend on two sets of spectral parameters. In the pioneering works of Korepin and Izergin a determinant formula was proposed and proved using a recursion relation. In later works, equivalent determinant formulas were given by Kostov for the rational case and by Foda and Wheeler for the trigonometric case. Here, we develop an approach in which the recursion relation is replaced by a system of algebraic equations with respect to one of the two sets of spectral parameters. We prove that this system has a unique solution. The result can be easily given as a determinant parametrized by an arbitrary basis of polynomials. In particular, the choice of the basis of Lagrange polynomials with respect to the remaining set of spectral parameters leads to the Izergin–Korepin representation, and the choice of the monomial basis leads to the Kostov and Foda–Wheeler representations.

STABILITY OF RODS WITH INITIAL IMPERFECTIONS IN THE FORM OF ECCENTRICITY OF LOAD APPLICATION UNDER LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR CREEP CONDITIONS

Stability of a compressed rod having initial imperfections in the form of eccentricity of applied load under conditions of linear and nonlinear creep is considered. It is noted that all real elements have some initial imperfections in the form of technological deflections, eccentricities of applied loads, etc., so they begin to bulge from the very beginning of loading. Another important factor in stability theory is the consideration of material creep. In this regard, the loading process is divided into two phases: the instantaneous loading process and the creep phase under constant external load. Moreover, creep can be time-limited or unrestricted. In the paper formulas for determination of critical forces of stability loss of the rod having initial imperfections, under short-term and long-term action of load are obtained. The equation allowing to determine time of the first crack appearance is derived. Derived are equations the roots of which are loads at action of which the first cracks appear at initial moment of time and at arbitrarily long period of load action. Analysis of acting force determining the character of rod deformation is executed. From the constructed stability equation it is possible to determine the critical force corresponding to the critical length of the section with cracks. For similar problems in nonlinear formulation formulas for determining critical force and critical displacement corresponding to maximum load are obtained. For the case of long duration load the equation which establishes relationship between load and displacement is obtained. Equation for determination of critical force under prolonged action of load has been derived. It has been established that critical displacement is the same under short- and continuous action of load. It is shown that at any intermediate moment critical displacement can be achieved under load lying in certain interval. Keywords: stability, rod, initial imperfection, eccentricity, linear creep, non-linear creep, critical force, crack, critical displacement.

A Modular Efficiency Determination Formula for Information Retrieval Evaluations and Optimizations

A Modular Efficiency Determination Formula for Information Retrieval Evaluations and Optimizations

Black hole horizon edge partition functions

We extend a formula for 1-loop black hole determinants by Denef, Hartnoll, and Sachdev (DHS) to spinning fields on any (d + 1)-dimensional static spherically symmetric black hole. By carefully analyzing the regularity condition imposed on the Euclidean eigenfunctions, we reveal an unambiguous bulk-edge split in the 1-loop Euclidean partition function for tensor fields of arbitrary integer spin: the bulk part captures the “renormalized” thermal canonical partition function recently discussed in [1]; the edge part is related to quasinormal modes (QNMs) that fail to analytically continue to a subset of Euclidean modes with enhanced fall-offs near the origin. Since the edge part takes the form of a path integral on Sd−1, this suggests that these are associated with degrees of freedom living on the bifurcation surface in the Lorentzian two-sided black hole geometry. For massive higher spin on static BTZ and massive vector on Nariai black holes, we find that the edge partition function is related to the QNMs with lowest overtone numbers.

On multi-hump solutions of reverse space-time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation

In this article multi-soliton solutions of reverse space-time nonlocal nonlinear Schr ödinger (NLS) equation have been constructed. Darboux transformation is applied to the associated linear eigenvalue problem for the generalized NLS equation and we obtain a determinant formula for multi-soliton solutions. Under suitable reduction conditions and appropriate choice of spectral parameters, the generalized expression of first-order nontrivial solution gives some novel solutions such as double-hump and flat-top soliton solutions for reverse space-time nonlocal NLS equation. The dynamics and interaction of double-hump soliton solutions are studied in detail and it is indicated that these solutions undergo collisions without any energy redistribution. For higher-order double-hump solutions, the relative velocities of solitons play a crucial role to have humps and also induce nonlinear interference in the collision zone. The dynamics of individual decaying and growing unstable and stable double-humps as well as their interactions are explained and illustrated.

HIV-Infected Patients as a Model of Aging.

We appraised the relationship between the biological and the chronological age and estimated the rate of biological aging in HIV-infected patients. Two independent biomarkers, the relative telomere length and iron metabolism parameters, were analyzed in younger (<35) and older (>50) HIV-infected and uninfected patients (control group). In our control group, telomeres of younger patients were significantly longer than telomeres of older ones. However, in HIV-infected participants, the difference in the length of telomeres was lost. By combining the length of telomeres with serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin iron-binding capacity, a new formula for determination of the aging process was developed. The life expectancy of the healthy population was related to their biological age, and HIV-infected patients were biologically older. The effect of antiretroviral HIV drug therapies varied with respect to the biological aging process. IMPORTANCE This article is focused on the dynamics of human aging. Moreover, its interdisciplinary approach is applicable to various systems that are aging.

Change Management and Institutional Citizenship Behaviour of Office Managers: The Moderating Role of Institutional Culture in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

This study investigated the relationship between change management and institutional citizenship behaviour of office managers in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. It also examined the moderating role of institutional culture on the relationship between change manage and institutional citizenship behaviour. The study was carried out in eight (8) tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Descriptive survey design was adopted in the generation of data. The instrument for data collection used in this study was the questionnaire. The population of the study consisted of eight hundred and thirty-six (836) Office and information managers in seven public tertiary institutions in Rivers State. The respondents to this research are 270 participants which constituted the sample size obtained through Taro Yamene Sample Size Determination Formula. Spearman ranked correlation and partial correlation were statistical tools used for testing the null hypotheses with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that change management significantly and positively influences institutional citizenship behaviour in tertiary institution in Rivers State. It was also found that institutional cultures strongly moderate the relationship between change management and institutional citizenship behaviiour Thus, the study concluded that change management is a veritable tool for enhancing institutional citizenship behaviour of office managers strongly moderated by institutional culture in tertiary institutions in Rivers State. Based on the findings and conclusion drawn, a number of recommendations were made, among which is that tertiary institutions should involve employees in institutional decisions and avoid prejudice and discriminatory in decisions consider these issues in institutions.

TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED EFFECT OF SCHOOL-BASED PLANNING (SBP) ON CHEMISTRY ACHIEVEMENT IN KANO METROPOLIS SECONDARY SCHOOLS, NIGERIA

This study investigates the teachers’ perceived effect of School-Based Planning (SBP) on chemistry achievement in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Having adopted a descriptive survey design, 2,267 teachers of the 176 schools selected constituted the study population. Three hundred and forty teachers (340) Chemistry teachers were sampled via the multistage sampling technique, using the Taro Yamane (1980)’s formula of sample size determination. The researchers’ designed instrument entitled; Teachers’ Perception of SBP on Chemistry Achievement (TPSBPCA) was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was validated by 3 experts in: Science Education, Educational Administration and Planning, as well as Test and Measurement respectively. The reliability coefficient of the instrument “r” was established to be 0.88 using the Test-re-test method and Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficients (PPMCC). Simple percentage was used to answer research questions. The t-test of independent variables was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05-level of significance. The study revealed that irrespective of gender, school types and location, there is a positive teachers’ perception of SBP in Students’ Academic Achievement Chemistry in the selected secondary schools in Kano State. It is hereby recommended that SBP should be integrated into the teacher's training programme to enhance the implementation of Chemistry Curriculum towards academic achievement.

Ease of Doing Business in the City Human Resource Management Office of Butuan City

This study aimed to determine the level of compliance of Ease of Doing Business and efficient government service delivery in the City Human Resource Management Office of the City Government of Butuan. Specifically, this study determined the level of implementation of CHRMO Frontline Services as assessed by the participants in terms of: (1) Citizen’s Charter Provisions; (2) Access to Government Services through Frontline Services (3) Report Card Survey. Descriptive research design was used in conduct of the study. Participants were the internal and external clients of the office. Using the Cochran’s Formula for sample size determination, the researcher selected 200 participants with Systematic Random Sampling as a sampling technique. Overall, the assessment of the level of implementation of the CHRMO in terms of the Citizen’s Charter, access to government service through frontline services and in terms of Report Card survey are extremely high. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the participants’ assessment of the Citizen’s Charter and their age. However, there were significant differences between the participants’ assessment on the access of government service in terms of Report Card Survey and the participants’ age, gender and type of employment. Further, the level of satisfaction of the participants for all the services rendered by the CHRMO is high. The participants’ assessment of the three components are extremely high, while their level of satisfaction is high. Although the level of satisfaction of the participants were high, still the CHRMO needs to enhance further its delivery of public service

Implementation of the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010 in the City Government of Butuan

This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of the R.A. No. 9994 otherwise known as “Expanded Senior Citizens Act” and its contribution to the quality of life of the senior citizens in Butuan City. Specifically, it assessed the extent of the implementation relative to the provision of employment, education, geriatric health care and pension plan. It also ascertained the impact of these implementations to the quality of life of the senior citizens relative to health and monthly spending. Using the Cochran’s Formula for sample size determination, the researcher selected 75 participants with a Systematic Random Sampling as a sampling technique. The study revealed that the extent of the implementation for the provision of employment and education are low, for the geriatric health care, the implementation is high, while the pension plan is neither high nor low. As to the impact on the quality of life of participants in terms of health, the result is neither, either high or low while on monthly spending, the impact is high. Moreover, there are significant relationships between the provision of geriatric health care and pension plan and the quality of life of participants in relation to health. Further, there are significant relationships between the provision of employment, education, geriatric health care and the quality of life of the participants in relation to monthly spending. As per recommendation of the participants, majority of them said that the OSCA must conduct the full implementation of the services provided under the law.