Trace Level Detection Research Articles

One-drop micro-array towards accelerated optical quantification of dopamine in human biofluids using triangular silver nanoparticles: Smartphone-assisted biomedical analysis by colorimetric sensing and Lab-on-paper technology

Trace-level detection of Dopamine (DA) in human body fluids is crucial for diagnosing neurological disorders, understanding mental health, and advancing drug discovery, but found challenging with rapid and low-cost detection technologies. Herein, an innovative paper-based photochemical method has been developed for the detection of DA using triangular silver nanoprism (AgNPrs), as an optical nanoprobe, in human blood plasma and urine samples. The redox reaction between DA and AgNPrs was evaluated through a color change at two pHs (5.35and 6.14), which can be analyzed by UV–Vis spectrophotometry and microfluidic paper-based colorimetric device (µPCD) with low limit of quantification of 0.01 µM. This study presents pioneering work with the potential to inspire the development of simple and effective on-site semi quantifying recognition devices for other neurotransmitters, requiring only a lightweight piece of paper and a single drop of the necessary reagent.

Utilizing as-synthesized Reduced Graphene Oxide Decorated with Mn1−xZnxFe2−yCuyO4 Doped Magnetic Nanoparticles for Efficient Electrochemical Sensing of Paracetamol

A highly sensitive sensor for paracetamol detection based on the copper and zinc doped manganese ferrite/reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode (Mn1−xZnxFe2−yCuyO4/rGO/GCE) is ameliorated. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), zeta-sizer, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to examine the structural, morphological, electroanalytical capability of the designed sensor. Results are correlated systematically for the copper/zinc doped manganese ferrite/reduced graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode and it is observed that the sensor exhibits two linear ranges as 5–9 μmol l−1 and 9–200 μmol l−1 under the optimized conditions. Doped composite-modified GCE demonstrates an exceptional limit of detection (LOD) (0.04 μmol l−1) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) (0.15 μmol l−1). The possible effect of structurally similar drugs on the anodic current response of paracetamol is evaluated. By analyzing the current generation of the actual pharmaceutical samples, the practical application of the manufactured sensor is assessed. Promising results demonstrated by modified GC electrode affirm its excellent analytical performance for the sensing of paracetamol with trace-level detection and high sensitivity.

A Recycled-Material-Based Electrochemical Eco-sensor for Sensitive Detection of Antischistosomal Drug Residues in Bovine-Derived Food Samples

Veterinary drug residues in food have emerged as an urgent threat to consumer safety. Herein, we present the first square wave voltammetric method for the trace-level detection of cinnarizine residues, a recently used antischistosomal drug, in bovine food samples. The method depends on the electrochemical oxidation after modification of the carbon paste sensor with recycled Al2O3-NPs functionalized multi-walled carbon nanoparticles. The produced sensor (Al2O3-NPs/ MWCNTs/CPE) was characterized using the transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometer, and X-ray diffractometer that confirm the successful incorporation of the Al2O3-NPs/MWCNTs composite into the modified electrode. As expected, the active surface area and electron transfer processes were accelerated by the modification, which was evidenced by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometric studies, scan rate studies, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Compared to previous techniques, this facile sensor demonstrated enhancements across critical analytical criteria including the detection limit of 0.17 nM, linear response across 5–100 nM (r2 = 0.998), accuracy ranging from 96.5 to 103.2%, precision below 0.81% relative standard deviation, reproducibility within 0.36% range, 20 s response time and applicability in spiked food matrices. In addition, five different greenness and whiteness tools quantified exceptional environmental friendliness, economic feasibility and waste reduction of 63%–93%, reaffirming alignment with sustainability paradigms. These advantages support practical adoption in quality control especially laboratories lacking expensive instrumentation. Overall, the ingenious sensor reconciles nanotechnology innovation with the circular economy ethos to tackle an urgent food safety challenge, guided holistically by sustainability metrics.

Precise detection of trace level protein using MIP-MoS2 nanocomposite functionalized PCF based interferometer.

Fiber optic interferometry combined with recognizing elements has attracted intensive attention for the development of different biosensors due to its superior characteristic features. However, the immobilization of sensing elements alone is not capable of low-concentration detection due to weak interaction with the evanescent field of the sensing transducer. The utilization of different 2D materials with high absorption potential and specific surface area can enhance the intensity of the evanescent field and hence the sensitivity of the sensor. Here, a biosensor has been fabricated using an inline hetero fiber structure of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) and single-mode fiber (SMF) functionalized with a nanocomposite of molybodenum di-sulfide (MoS2) and molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) to detect trace levels of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The sensor showed a wide dynamic detection range with a high sensitivity of 2.34 × 107 pm/µg L-1. It shows working potential over a wide pH range with a subfemtomolar detection limit. The compact size, easy fabrication, stable structure, long detection range, and high sensitivity of this sensor would open a new path for the development of different biosensors for online and remote sensing applications.

Design and synthesis of nano-iron oxyhydroxide-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors for trace-level carbendazim detection in actual samples.

Carbendazim (CBD) is widely used as a fungicide that acts as a pesticide in farming to prevent crop diseases. However, CBD can remain on crops for a long time. When consumed by humans and animals, it produces a range of toxic symptoms and poses a serious threat to their health. Therefore, the detection of CBD is necessary. Traditional assay strategies for CBD detection, although sensitive and practical, can hardly achieve fast, robust monitoring during food processing and daily life. Here, we designed a novel electrochemical sensor for CBD detection. In this method, iron oxyhydroxide nanomaterial (β-FeOOH) was first prepared by hydrothermal method. Then, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) layer was electropolymerized on the surface using CBD as the template and resorcinol (RC) as the functional monomer. The synergistic interaction between β-FeOOH and MIP endows the MIP/β-FeOOH/CC-based electrochemical sensor with high specificity and sensitivity. Under optimal conditions, the MIP/β-FeOOH/CC-based sensor showed a wide linear range of 39pM-80nM for CBD and a detection limit as low as 25pM. Therefore, the as-prepared sensor can be a practical and effective tool for pesticide residue detection.

Determination of ascorbic acid in biological samples using an electrochemical sensor modified with Au-Cu2O/MWCNTs nanocomposite

In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor for measuring ascorbic acid (AA) or vitamin C (C6H8O6) in urine samples. The sensor was designed using a glassy carbon electrode that was modified with a nanocomposite of Au-Cu2O and MWCNTs. We investigated the characteristics of the nanocomposite using FE-SEM, TEM, XRD, and EDS. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to determine the electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode and how AA is electrooxidized. Based on the electrochemical experiments, the sensor can detect trace levels of AA through voltammetry at a working potential of 0.5 vs. Ag/AgCl. We studied and modified several experimental parameters such as the supporting electrolyte, accumulation potential, solution pH, accumulation time, and amount of modifier to optimize the performance of the sensor. Furthermore, the proposed electrode exhibited a wide linear dynamic range of 1–200 μM, with a low detection limit (S/N = 3) of 0.3 μM. The use of MWCNT semiconductors and Au nanoparticles in electrode modification likely contributed to these favorable results. The outstanding properties of the nanocomposite include a large surface area, exceptional electrical conductivity, and strong electrocatalytic activity.

Covalent-organic framework/carbon nanotubes for electrochemical detection of o-nitrophenol

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have aroused much attention as candidate materials for constructing electrochemical sensors. However, their inherent low conductivities have limited their sensing applications. Here, a novel COF/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composite is prepared via a straightforward ultrasonic method, incorporating amino-functionalized CNTs (NH2-CNTs) into COF composed of 1, 3, 5-benzenetricarboxaldehyde and 1,4-diaminobenzene. The resulting COF/NH2-CNTs composite exhibits high specific surface area, improved conductivity, fast electron transfer capability due to the high porosity of COF, the introduction of NH2-CNTs, and the conjugate interaction between CNTs and COF. The proposed COF/NH2-CNTs-based sensor offers an amplified current toward the electrochemical sensing of o-nitrophenol (o-NP). Notably, the sensor exhibits a wide linear detection range (0.1–100 and 100–1000 μM), a high sensitivity (8.66 and 1.44 μA/(μM cm2)), and a very low detection limit (0.03 μM). Moreover, it is successfully applicable in the quantitative analysis of o-NP in lake water samples with satisfactory recoveries (97.0–105.3 %). This work not only demonstrates the viability of COF-based sensors for the trace-level detection of nitrobenzene contaminants but also enriches the variety of COF-based sensing materials.

Synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2-creatine as a new nanosorbent for dispersive magnetic solid-phase microextraction of copper ions from water, food, and soil samples

For the first time, Fe3O4@SiO2-creatine (Fe3O4@SiO2-CRT) was synthesized and exploited as a nanosorbent in the dispersive magnetic solid phase microextraction (D-MSPμE) of copper from water, food, and agricultural soil samples. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was employed for the quantification of concentration of Cu(II) ions subsequent to the elution process. Different techniques, including X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer, were utilized to characterize the synthesized nanosorbent. The factors influencing the efficiency of the extraction process were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions (solution pH, 7.0; nanosorbent quantity, 20 mg; adsorption time, 7.0 min; desorption time, 2.0 min; and desorption agent, HNO3 0.5 mol L−1), the proposed method provided a wide linear range (5.0–125 ng mL−1) with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.9991. The limit of detection, extraction recovery, and relative recoveries were obtained to be 1.50 ng mL−1, 98.1%, and 90.6–103%, respectively. The intra-day relative standard deviation percentages (n = 5) for different concentrations were in the range of 2.33–3.11%. The proposed method offers merits such as swiftness, high sensitivity, rendering it applicable to detect trace levels of copper (5.19–14.2 ng mL−1 or ng g−1) in water, food, and agricultural soil samples.

Facile synthesis of gold nanostars for the duplex detection of pesticide residues in grapes using SERS.

In recent years, concerns have been raised regarding the contamination of grapes with pesticide residues. As consumer demand for safer food products grows, regular monitoring of pesticide residues in food has become essential. This study sought to develop a rapid and sensitive technique for detecting two specific pesticides (phosmet and paraquat) present on the grape surface using the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method. Gold nanostars (AuNS) particles were synthesized, featuring spiky tips that act as hot spots for localized surface plasmon resonance, thereby enhancing Raman signals. Additionally, the roughened surface of AuNS increases the surface area, resulting in improved interactions between the substrate and analyte molecules. Prominent Raman peaks of mixed contaminants were acquired and used to characterize and quantify the pesticides. It was observed that the SERS intensity of the Raman peaks changed in proportion to the concentration ratio of phosmet and paraquat. Moreover, AuNS exhibited superior SERS enhancement compared to gold nanoparticles. The results demonstrate that the lowest detectable concentration for both pesticides on grape surfaces is 0.5mg/kg. These findings suggest that SERS coupled with AuNS constitutes a practical and promising approach for detecting and quantifying trace contaminants in food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research established a novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method coupled with a simplified extraction protocol and gold nanostar substrates to detect trace levels of pesticides in fresh produce. The detection limits meet the maximum residue limits set by the EPA. This substrate has great potential for rapid measurements of chemical contaminants in foods.

Synergy of Active Sites and Charge Transfer in Branched WO3/W18O49 Heterostructures for Enhanced NO2 Sensing.

Achieving reliable detection of trace levels of NO2 gas is essential for environmental monitoring and protection of human health protection. Herein, a thin-film gas sensor based on branched WO3/W18O49 heterostructures was fabricated. The optimized WO3/W18O49 sensor exhibited outstanding NO2 sensing properties with an ultrahigh response value (1038) and low detection limit (10 ppb) at 50 °C. Such excellent sensing performance could be ascribed to the synergistic effect of accelerated charge transfer and increased active sites, which is confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption characterization. The sensor exhibited an excellent detection ability to NO2 under different air quality conditions. This work provides an effective strategy for constructing WO3/W18O49 heterostructures for developing NO2 gas sensors with an excellent sensing performance.

Sub-ppb detection limit of Cr, Pb, and Cu in water by surface-enhanced LIBS with femtosecond laser

Water pollution caused by heavy metal contamination significantly threatens human health. Detecting trace levels of heavy metals in water is of utmost importance. Surface-enhanced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (SE-LIBS) has become a reliable detection method. In this study, we improved the analytical sensitivity of trace heavy metals in water by introducing femtosecond lasers into the SE-LIBS technique, replacing the traditional nanosecond lasers. An aluminum plate was utilized as a substrate to transform the liquid into a solid, overcoming the inadequacy in sensitivity and precision of LIBS when applied to water samples. We developed individual calibration curves for Cr, Pb, and Cu to determine their respective limit of detection (LOD). The LODs obtained were 0.3, 2.5, and 0.08 ng/mL for Cr, Pb, and Cu, respectively. These LODs were lower than traditional nanosecond SE-LIBS, and even lower than the LODs obtained by combining other LIBS enhancement techniques and SE-LIBS. We also determined good accuracy through the coefficient of determination R2, which was 0.97, 0.99, and 0.97, respectively, for Cr, Pb, and Cu. These results provide valuable and insightful information for the sensitive analysis of trace heavy metals in water using SE-LIBS with a femtosecond laser.

A Novel Magnetic β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Graphene Oxide and Chitosan Composite as an Adsorbent for Trace Extraction of Four Bisphenol Pollutants from Environmental Water Samples and Food Samples.

In this study, a novel functionalized magnetic composite (MNCGC) for magnetic solid-phase extraction of bisphenols from environmental and food samples was developed, featuring a multistep synthesis with Fe3O4, chitosan, graphene oxide, and β-cyclodextrin, crosslinked by glutaraldehyde. Characterization confirmed its advantageous morphology, intact crystal structure of the magnetic core, specific surface area, and magnetization, enabling efficient adsorption and separation via an external magnetic field. The optimized MSPE-HPLC-FLD method demonstrated excellent sensitivity, linearity, and recovery rates exceeding 80% for bisphenol pollutants, validating the method's effectiveness in enriching and detecting trace levels of bisphenols in complex matrices. This approach offers a new avenue for analyzing multiple bisphenol residues, with successful application to environmental water and food samples, showing high recovery rates.

Raman enhancement induced by exciton hybridization in molecules and 2D materials

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful technique for trace-level fingerprinting. Recently, layered two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained significant interest as SERS substrates for providing stable, uniform, and reproducible Raman enhancement with the potential for trace-level detection. Yet, the development of effective 2D SERS substrates is still hindered by the lack of fundamental understanding of the coupling mechanism between target molecules and substrates. Here, we report a systematic excitation-dependent Raman spectroscopy investigation on the coupling between 2D materials such as SnS2, MoS2, WSe2, and graphene and small organic molecules like rhodamine 6G (Rh 6G). Strong coupling between SnS2 and Rh 6G is found due to their degenerate excitons through Raman excitation profiles (REP), leading to the enhancement of Rh 6G vibrational modes that are observable down to 10−13 M. Our study shows that exciton coupling in the substrate-adsorbate complex plays a vital role in the Raman enhancement effect, opening a new route for designing SERS substrates for high sensitivity.

Strategies to detect trace methamphetamine contamination on hard surfaces: Assessing realistic performance of commercially available presumptive tests and a laboratory-based LC-MS/MS method.

Recreational methamphetamine production and heavy use can result in dwelling contamination that is difficult to detect. First responders and public health officials may use commercially available trace methamphetamine detection (presumptive) test kits to understand apparent and hidden dangers in impacted dwellings. Here, we assessed the limit of detection (LOD) of several commercially available presumptive test kits using simulated contaminated hard surfaces. Pyrex petri dishes were spiked with aliquots of methanolic methamphetamine solutions to reach desired simulated contamination levels. Commercially available presumptive tests were conducted according to manufacturer instructions and using included sample preparation materials, when available. Additionally, a laboratory-based liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) trace methamphetamine quantification method was developed and validated using the EZSTATSG2 tool. For the LC-MS/MS method, samples were collected using 2-ply alcohol prep pads and methamphetamine was extracted using a 1:1 (v:v) methanol: water solution. Most presumptive tests considered were able to detect trace levels of methamphetamine extracted from hard surfaces, with LOD ranging from 0.10-15.00 μg/sample. Comparatively, the laboratory-based LC-MS/MS LOD was 0.05 μg/sample and limit of quantitation was 0.10 μg/sample. The LC-MS/MS method may be useful when the presence of dust or other contaminants interferes with presumptive test interpretation or reliability. Costs of presumptive tests varied from several dollars to tens of dollars, which is included alongside LOD results to aid stakeholders in identifying which test(s) are the best fit for purpose. Therefore, first responders, public health officials, and other stakeholders have several options for assessing trace methamphetamine contamination.

Fabrication of Au coated sinusoidal grating substrates as SPP-SERS sensor chip for trace-level detection of explosive

The plasmonic metal-coated grating structure has a good candidate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) as a trace-level detection sensor in real-world analysis. Herein, a facile approach was explored to fabricate and study SERS performance by gold (Au) sinusoidal grating structure. The sinusoidal grating structure on spin-on-glass (SOG) polymer was prepared by thermal nanoimprint technique, then followed by deposited Au film on top via magnetron sputtering technique. This fabrication process was a simple, inexpensive, and high-yield method. The influence of the Au thickness on SERS performance was investigated. The finite element method (FEM) was performed to compare and discuss with experimental studies. From the results, the Au-coated sinusoidal grating SERS chip exhibited good sensitivity for detecting standard Rhodamine 6G (R6G) at 10−5 M. The prepared Au-coated sinusoidal grating SERS chip shows good uniformity and reproducibility. In addition, the practical application for trace-level explosive detection of trinitrotoluene (TNT) solution was demonstrated at 532 and 785 nm excitation wavelengths. Our results show that the Au-coated sinusoidal grating SERS chip exhibits high sensitivity to detect TNT residues with a 10−3 M limit, which could be useful in homeland security applications.

Adsorption enrichment integrated with paper-based devices for detection of trace levels of hexavalent chromium in water samples.

In the present study, a sensitive microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μ-PADs) integrated with adsorption enrichment procedure was developed to analyze Cr(VI) in water samples. The affecting factors, including pH and amounts of reagents were optimized. The limit of detection of 0.0015mg L-1 and linear range of 0.005-2mg L-1 were achieved with good intra- and inter-day precision of 5.1 and 7.6% RSD, respectively. The results obtained by the proposed method were validated by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The recoveries of the present method and ICP-OES were ranged from 96.3 to 109.0‬% and 106.0 to 109.7%, respectively. The two sets of (μ-PADs and ICP-OES) results were in a good agreement as paired t-test indicated no significant differences. The proposed method could be utilized for analyzing trace levels of Cr(VI) in water samples in the absence of conventional analytical instruments.

A reliable electrochemical aptasensor for trace level detection of Rivaroxaban in biological fluids using arginine decorated KAUST catalysis center-1: A new platform towards efficient monitoring of cardiovascular diseases using biosensor technology

An innovative label-free electrochemical aptasensor has been developed for the precise screening of rivaroxaban (RIV) in human blood plasma (HBP) samples. For the first time, arginine decorated KAUST Catalysis Center-1 (KCC-1-nPr-NH-Arg) was utilized for the entrapment of aptamer towards specific identification of RIV in human real samples. The developed biosensor incorporates a gold electrode decorated with Poly (β-Cyclodextrin)-modified dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) to provide a suitable substrate for efficient immobilizing (dense loading) a large number of aptamer sequences (5′ NH2-TAG GGA AGA GAA GGA CAT ATG ATG ACT CAC AAC TGG ACG AAC GTA CTT ATC CCC CCC AAT CAC TAG TGA ATT-3′). Using DFNS conjugated aptamer, RIV was measured with limit of quantification of 10 nM by various electrochemical techniques including square wave voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The combination of DFNS with a high surface-to-volume ratio, P (β-CD) as a conductive scaffold, and a selectively designed aptamer resulted in a highly sensitive and selective biosensor for the analysis of RIV in HBP. This approach presents a promising potential for the utilization of cutting-edge nanomaterials in biomedical and pharmaceutical sensing applications.

A highly conductive and mesoporous samarium metal–organic nanorods for the trace-level electrochemical detection of toxic mercury ions in lake water

The research outlines an ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of trace-level mercury using an Sm-BTC metal–organic framework. The Sm-BTC metal–organic framework was synthesized via a simple solvothermal method and characterized through various analytical techniques. The FTIR spectrum shows two important peaks at 732 cm−1 and 554 cm−1 which confirms the formation of the metal–organic framework and the surface morphology of the material was characterized through SEM analysis which shows the multilayered nanorod structure. The mesoporous nature of the material was confirmed by BET analysis. The electrochemical studies including Cyclic voltammetry and Square wave voltammetry prove the Sm-BTC modified glassy carbon electrode has shown remarkable sensitivity and selectivity towards the sensing of mercury ions than the unmodified bare glassy carbon electrode. The Sm-BTC modified GCE with the optimized electrochemical parameters for the sensing of mercury ions confirms that the sensor has a very low LOD (Limit of Detection) of 10 nM. It is lower than the guideline concentration of mercury (30 nM) by the World Health Organization and the linear range is 0.01 µM to 50 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9926. Further, this sensor has shown an excellent sensitivity of 91.760 µA µM−1 cm−2. The real sample analysis of the current study proves the reported sensor is effective for the determination of Hg2+ ions as it shows a very good recovery percentage.

ADVANCING VITAMIN DETECTION: BENZIMIDAZOLIUM SALTS AS NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MODIFIERS

Quantitative determination of vitamins such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid), vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and vitamin E (α-tocopherol) find widespread use in pharmaceutical quality control, clinical diagnostics and nutritional studies. This purpose is often carried out using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, but much low molar absorptivity leads to poor sensitivity and high detection limits with this technique. The additional complexity of complex sample matrices, including interference and masking of analyte signals magnify these challenges. With regard to this, this paper describes the use of benzimidazolium salts as chemical modifier for improvement of spectrophotometric analysis of vitamins. The synthesized benzimidazolium salts, synthesized by methylation of benzimidazole with methyl iodide, associate with vitamins via formation of hydrogen bonds, π-π stacking and charge transfer, and enhance their optical properties. Structural integrity of the synthesized salts was also confirmed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. Substantial absorbance enhancements were observed upon incorporation of benzimidazolium salts into vitamin solutions. The values of increases in vitamins C 35%, B6 23% and E 42% were obtained. By such enhancement molar absorptivity improvements and detection and quantification limits improved by 20–30%, and trace level detection with better precision is allowed. The salts stabilize the excited states of vitamins and reduce matrix interferences to allow for stronger and more accurate analysis in complex matrices; mechanistic studies were performed. The modified spectrophotometric method was proven to be highly efficient and reproducible, and could be useful in pharmaceutical quality assurance and nutraceutical applications. In short, benzimidazolium salts are transformative in spectrophotometric analysis, suggesting a cheap and scalable forward path in increasing sensitivity and specificity parameters. The further application of these salts on a higher plane of bioactive compounds is possible within analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical science.

Harnessing the UiO-67 metal-organic framework for advanced detection of cadmium ions in water bodies.

Heavy metal ions are hazardous pollutants that pose serious threats to ecosystems and human health, making it imperative to detect and monitor their presence in water for environmental protection. This paper highlights the synthesis of the UiO-67 Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) without any dopants, offering a novel approach specifically for the detection of cadmium ions (Cd2+) in aqueous environments. Following solvothermal synthesis, Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), BET nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structural and morphological features of UiO-67. The MOF exhibited a high pore volume and surface area, which are essential for enhancing its detection capabilities for Cd2+ ions. Based on experimental findings, the proposed sensor exhibits excellent selectivity towards Cd2+ ions and a sensitivity of 3.008 μA nM-1. Further, it achieves a low Limit of Detection (LoD) of 1.43 nM μA-1 and a Limit of Quantification (LoQ) of 4.34 nM μA-1. The sensitivity and reliability of the UiO-67-modified electrode are demonstrated by these values, which qualify it for trace-level cadmium ion detection. The ground-breaking potential of undoped UiO-67 serves as a cutting-edge and effective tool for environmental monitoring, particularly in the detection of toxic metal ions in water bodies.