Acetone Gas Detection Research Articles

Metal-organic framework-derived In-doped Fe2O3 spindles with enhanced acetone gas sensing performance

The rapid detection of acetone gas plays a crucial role in controlling air pollution and realizing the non-invasive diagnosis of diabetes. Here, the In-doped Fe2O3 spindles derived from metal-organic framework (MOF) were prepared by hydrothermal method, and the efficient detection of acetone gas was realized. Due to the In3+ doping, the surface of the In-doped Fe2O3 spindles nanomaterials is covered with cracks. The BET surface area also increased from 19.755 m2/g−1 to 30.872 m2/g−1, which provides more active sites for the adsorption of oxygen molecules and target gases, thereby enhancing its gas sensing performance. As the results show, the In-doped Fe2O3-based gas sensor has a response of 31.7 to 100 ppm acetone gas at 320 °C, and the response recovery time is 1 s/1 s. Compared with the pure Fe2O3-based gas sensor, the In-doped Fe2O3-based gas sensor maintains fast response-recovery while exhibiting excellent selectivity for acetone gas. Therefore, the In-doped Fe2O3 gas sensors have broad application prospects in acetone gas detection.

Superior acetone sensor based on hetero-interface of SnSe2/SnO2 quasi core shell nanoparticles for previewing diabetes

To improve gas sensing performance of SnO2 sensor, a heterostructure constructed by SnO2 and SnSe2 is designed and synthesized via hydrothermal method and post thermal oxidation treatment. The obtained SnSe2/SnO2 composite nanoparticles demonstrate a special core–shell structure with SnO2 nanograins distributed in the shell and mixed SnSe2 and SnO2 nanograins in the core. Owning to the promoted charge transfer effect invited by SnSe2, the sensor based on SnSe2/SnO2 composite nanoparticles exhibit expressively enhanced acetone sensing performance compared to the pristine SnO2 sensor. At the working temperature of 300 °C, the SnSe2/SnO2 composite sensor with optimized composition exhibits superior sensing property towards acetone, including high response (10.77–100 ppm), low theoretical limit of detection (0.354 ppm), high selectivity and good reproducibility. Moreover, the sensor shows a satisfactory sensing performance in trace acetone gas detection under high humidity condition (relative humidity: 70–90%), making it a promising candidate to constructing exhaled breath sensors for acetone detection.

Study of the effect of CNTs, and (CNTs-ZnO) on the porous silicon as sensor for acetone gas detection

This work deals with a thin coating of nanoparticles zinc oxide (ZnO) doped with carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) about (30−70) % respectively, that deposited on porous silicon (PSi) surface. the PS were prepared by photoelectrochemical etching (PECE) at different etching current densities: J= 12, 24, and 30 mA/cm2 for 10 min of etching time and 40% hydrofluoric acid concentration, while the zinc nanoparticles (ZnO) were prepared by the precipitation method. the suspension solution of ZnO-MWCNTs was prepared by mixing 30% of ZnO with 70% of MWCNTs by using a magnetic stirrer for 20 min then in ultrasonic in 30 min for prepare homogeneity solution. the drops-casting method was used for departed 5 drops of,MWCNTs and (30–70) % ZnO-MWCNTs on PS surface. The structural, morphological, and optical properties were conducted for all samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman Spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FSEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM), Transition Electron Microscope (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) tests. At room temperature, all PS, MWCNTs/PS, and MWCNTs -ZnO/PS samples were used as acetone gas sensors.the best sensitivity was at MWCNT after doping with ZnO on PS samples at etching current density 30 mA/cm2, about (2.940814) at a concentration of 500 ppm. In comparison to MWCNTs/PS around (2.567534) and only PS surface (2.413857) This is due to the fact that after being deposited with ZnONPs, MWCNT nanostructures have a high surface chemical activity and a big specific surface area. This makes MWCNTs act as highly sensitive to many gases such as ethanol, and acetone gases at room temperature (RT).

Ultra-high response acetone gas sensor based on ZnFe2O4 pleated hollow microspheres prepared by green NaCl template

In this study, ZnFe2O4 pleated hollow microspheres were synthesized by a one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method using NaCl as a green salt template, and successfully used for the detection of acetone gas. NaCl as a green non-polluting and easy-to-remove structural template effectively modulate the morphology and structure of ZnFe2O4. The prepared sensitive materials were observed by SEM and TEM to have dense solid, hollow, pleated hollow and nanosheet structures, respectively. Among them, ZnFe2O4 pleated hollow microspheres exhibited a large specific surface area (185.24 m2/g) and the best sensing performance. Compared with other materials, ZnFe2O4 pleated hollow microspheres presented a response of up to 95.0 for 100 ppm acetone at the optimal working temperature of 200 °C. The large specific surface area and superior surface permeability exhibited by the pleated hollow structure effectively increased the reaction sites and overall utilization of the sensitive material both internally and externally, which resulted in ultra-high response properties to acetone. The ZnFe2O4 pleated hollow microspheres prepared using NaCl green template had excellent acetone molecular sensitivity properties, which is expected to be a promising sensitive material for acetone gas sensors.

Novel Co(OH)F/Zn(OH)F heterostructures for acetone gas sensor applications: Materials synthesis, characterization, and sensor performance evaluation

The detection of acetone gas using a gas sensor provides a non-invasive means for monitoring diabetes patients. Various Co-based materials have been developed as acetone-sensing materials. In this work, we developed novel heterostructured materials consisting of metal fluoride hydroxides, Co(OH)F, and Zn(OH)F using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis process. The ratio between the Co(OH)F microflowers and Zn(OH)F nanorods (3:1) and the mixing conditions (120 °C for 20 min) were optimized. A gas sensor based on the heterostructured material prepared under the optimized conditions demonstrated a significant enhancement in gas response compared with the sensor based on pristine Co(OH)F microflowers. The optimized gas sensor exhibited a very high response of 7.6 toward 5 ppm of acetone gas at an operating temperature of 150 °C, with good selectivity and stability. Considering the energy band diagrams confirmed that the formation of p–n junctions at the interface led to an improvement in the gas response compared with that of the pristine Co(OH)F microflowers.

Ultrasensitive room-temperature acetone gas sensors employing green-solvent-processed aligned InNdO nanofiber field-effect transistors

Aligned InNdO nanofiber FETs prepared with green solvents by an electrospinning method for acetone gas detection at room temperature.

Atomic step formation on porous ZnO nanobelts: remarkable promotion of acetone gas detection up to the parts per trillion level

Atomic step structures on porous ZnO nanobelts provide coordinatively unsaturated sites that allow an outstanding sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 72 ppt.

Functional Microfiber Nonwoven Fabric with Copper Ion-Immobilized Polymer Brush for Detection and Adsorption of Acetone Gas.

The detection and removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emerging as an important problem in modern society. In this study, we attempted to develop a new material capable of detecting or adsorbing VOCs by introducing a new functional group and immobilizing metal ions into a microfiber nonwoven fabric (MNWF) made through radiation-induced graft polymerization. The suitable metal complex was selected according to the data in “Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center (CCDC)”. 4-picolylamine (4-AMP), designated as a ligand through the metal complex data of CCDC, was introduced at an average mole conversion rate of 63%, and copper ions were immobilized at 0.51 mmol/g to the maximum. It was confirmed that degree of grafting (dg) 170% 4-AMP-Cu MNWF, where copper ions are immobilized, can adsorb up to 50% of acetone gas at about 50 ppm, 0.04 mmol/g- 4-AMP-Cu-MNWF, at room temperature and at a ratio of copper ion to adsorbed acetone of 1:10.

MOF-based nanoscale Pt catalyst decorated SnO2 porous nanofibers for acetone gas detection

Gas sensors fabricated by metal oxide semiconductors (SMOs) exhibited promising prospect for acetone detection due to their high sensitivity, small sizes, simple operation, facile fabrication and low cost. However, the current SMOs still face diverse challenges involving high power consumption, low response, poor anti-interfering ability and weak repeatability. In this work, in order to meet the ever-increasing requirements for acetone detection, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded into ZIF-8 templates then loaded on porous SnO2 nanofibers (NFs) via electrospinning and subsequent annealing process with a control of heating rate. The gas sensing characteristics of pristine SnO2, SnO2-ZnO, and Pt-ZnO-SnO2 porous NFs were investigated. The Pt-ZnO-SnO2 porous NFs displayed an ultrahigh response (Ra/Rg = 104.26–100 ppm at 170 °C), high selectivity and low detection limit (200 ppb) to acetone during dynamic measurements. In this study, the advanced sensing behavior can be ascribed to the multi-heterojunctions construction at the interface of SnO2-ZnO, ZnO/PtO2 and SnO2/PtO2, the increasement of oxygen vacancies, as well as the electronic and chemical sensitization of Pt NPs. The well-dispersed and ultrasmall-sized Pt NPs (~3 nm) functionalized on porous SnO2 NFs also play an essential role in fabricating high-performance acetone sensors.

A novel CeO2 Hollow-Shell sensor constructed for high sensitivity of acetone gas detection

Acetone is flammable and harmful to human health and environment. It is urgent and significant to develop high sensitivity and efficiency sensors for acetone gas detecting. Herein, a novel nanoscale hollow–shell structure of CeO2 with high stability, sensitivity and selectivity for acetone gas detecting was designed. The as-developed nanoscale hollow–shell CeO2 sensor presents 270% sensing response, and the corresponding response and recovery are 6 s and 11 s when detecting 100 ppm acetone gas at 260 ℃. Remarkably, this sensor exhibits excellent stability in continual detection of 100 ppm acetone gas in 60 days. Furthermore, the developed nanoscale hollow–shell CeO2 sensor presents an outstanding selectivity to acetone gas among ethanol, methanol, xylene, ammonia, formaldehyde and ethylene glycol gases. DFT further reveals that there are 0.66 electrons of acetone molecule transferred to CeO2, which will decease CeO2 band gap from 2.74 eV to 1.91 eV, and consequently the conductivity enhanced after absorbing acetone gas. This developed CeO2 nanoscale hollow–shell sensor can be used as matrix sensor material for VOCs detection.

Performance analysis, modeling, and development of a signal conditioning unit of n-type metal oxide gas sensor for acetone gas detection

Metal oxide semiconductors have been widely used in the field of gas sensor study. Various researches are being done to improve the sensitivity of the sensing material for applications like breath analyzers. In this work, a theoretical investigation and analysis of the n-type metal oxide for acetone gas detection are carried out. The rate of change of resistance of the sensing material with respect to the change in the concentration of the target gas is analyzed. Acetone being a reducing gas, the resistance was found to decrease for n-type material. The simulations were done using COMSOL Multiphysics and results showed that the resistance of the sensing layer varies with the concentration of the target gas. Also, the performance analysis of sensors has been compared with the experimental results. Further, we have also derived a mathematical expression for connecting the relationship between the concentration of gas and the rate of change of resistance. The resistance change is observed to be proportional to the target gas concentration. A signal-conditioning circuit was also designed for providing a user-friendly interface for monitoring the gas concentration. The simulation of the signal conditioning circuit was done using Proteus Design Suite. This work will aid researchers to define and predict the behavior of gas sensors.

Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Carboxyl and Amide for Acetone detection at Room Temperature

The functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) with amide group is reported as an alternative to enhance response time, recovery time and sensitivity of detecting acetone gas. We have fabricated an interdigitated transducer (IDT) deposited with amide-functionalized CNT. The elemental compositional analysis was characterized using Energy Dispersion X-ray spectroscopy and CHNOS elemental analyzer. The detection of acetone gas was performed in room temperature and digital multimeter was employed to record the changes of resistivity of IDT upon exposure of acetone. Results showed that amide functional group increases sensitivity, shortens the response time as well as recovery time of the sensor.

Fast response acetone-sensing properties of SnO2 nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method

SnO2 nanoparticle architectures were successfully synthesized using a sol-gel method and developed for acetone gas detection. The morphology and structure of the particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SnO2 nanoparticle architectures were configured as high-performance sensors to detect acetone and showed a very fast response time (<1 s), a short recovery time (10 s), good repeatability and high selectivity at a relatively low working temperature. Thus, SnO2 nanoparticles should be promising candidates for designing and fabricating acetone gas sensors with good gas sensing performance. The possible gas sensing mechanism is also presented.

Ultra-highly sensitive detection of ppb-level acetone gas using novel multicore-shell porous zinc oxide microspheres

In this study, novel multicore-shell ZnO microspheres were synthesized via a simple solvothermal method based on the coordination of salicylic acid under the protection of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In this process, as an organic acid, salicylic acid with a benzene ring structure rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups can not only play a structure-oriented role, but also can etch materials to form a hollow structure. Compared with traditional basic synthesis methods, the diversity of coordination forms makes the structure more abundant. The multicore-shell ZnO was annealed at 450, 600, and 750 °C respectively. Under the driving force of reducing the surface free energy, part of the multi-nucleus inside the microspheres aggregated to form large particles, and the other part adhered to the shell layer to grow. The crystallinity, morphology and surface composition of the ZnO microspheres were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, BET and FT-IR analyses. The multicore-shell ZnO-based sensor that exhibited excellent sensitivity to acetone (2 ppm, SRa/Rg = 8.6) at an optimal working temperature of 240 °C, with a low limit of detection of 100 ppb with a SRa/Rg = 2.9. The annealed ZnO-based sensors also performed well, among them, the product annealed at 750 °C (ZnO-750) is the best, with a response of 6.4 to 2 ppm acetone. The sensors exhibited satisfactory selectivity and can detect acetone in the presence of other interfering gases, including NO, CO, NH3, HCHO, CH3OH and C2H5OH. The outstanding sensitivity of the multicore-shell ZnO sensor to acetone can be attributed to its large specific surface area and pore volume, which favors gas adsorption, penetration and diffusion. For the annealed ZnO, we speculated that the specific exposed crystal plane (002) plays a decisive role in the good adsorption and reaction of acetone.

Ex-situ XPS analysis of yolk-shell Sb2O3/WO3 for ultra-fast acetone resistive sensor

The preparation of fast, highly responsive and reliable gas sensing devices for the detection of acetone gas is considered to be a key challenge for the development of accurate disease diagnosis systems through exhaled respiratory gases. In the paper, yolk shell Sb2O3/WO3 is synthesized and its gas sensing performance was studied by static test system. Special, the maximum response value of 1:1 Sb2O3/WO3 yolk-shell (WO3-1 YSL) sensor to 100 ppm acetone can reach as high as 50.0 at 200 ℃. And it also exhibits excellent response/recover time (4 s/5 s), low detection limit (2 ppm) and superior selectivity towards acetone. More importantly, in mixed selective gas test, the sensor shows high selectivity towards acetone. And the mechanism is analyzed by ex-situ XPS. The excellent gas-sensing performance can be attributed to unique yolk-shell structure, which facilitates the rapid transport of charge carriers from the surface to the bulk and provides more active sites for gas adsorption and desorption; the heterojunction between of Sb2O3 and WO3, which promotes oxygen pre-adsorption on the surface and increasing the interfacial potential; the increased oxygen vacancies which allowing more chemisorbed oxygen to form.

Preparation and gas-sensing performance of GO/SnO2/NiO gas-sensitive composite materials

In this study, a SnO2/NiO composite material was prepared via a co-precipitation method. After calcination at 400 °C for 2 h, a binary composite material (SnO2/NiO) with good crystallization was obtained. Then, a graphene oxide (GO)/SnO2/NiO ternary composite material was prepared using a hydrothermal method, in which SnO2/NiO performed secondary growth on the GO surface. The XRD results showed that SnO2/NiO exhibited good crystallinity and proved the existence of a chemical bond, Sn–O–C, which was due to the formation of a chemical bond between GO and SnO2/NiO. Lastly, GO/SnO2/NiO was successfully prepared and coated on the surface of a gold electrode for gas sensitivity test. A good response to acetone gas in the concentration range of 10–500 ppm at 350 °C was determined. Compared with SnO2/NiO, GO/SnO2/NiO showed remarkable improvements in response time, recovery time, and sensitivity. At 350 °C, the sensitivity of acetone with a concentration of 50 ppm was 21.11, the response time was only 5 s, and the recovery time was 150 s. GO/SnO2/NiO comprised two structures, chemical bond and p-n junction, which exerted a synergistic effect. GO/SnO2/NiO indicated an excellent application prospect in acetone gas detection.

Dandelion-like SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow spheres formed by growing of α-Fe2O3 nanotubes on low crystalline SiO2@SnO2 and their enhanced acetone-sensing properties

Herein, dandelion-like SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres with average size of 600 nm were successfully synthesized by an in-site hydrothermal method. The α-Fe2O3 nanotubes with average diameters of 30 nm were epitaxially grown on the low crystalline mesoporous SiO2@SnO2 hollow spheres. The hollow microspheres owned mesoporous structure, while the pore size and the specific surface area were 8.8 nm and 86.7 m2/g, respectively. The influence of the Fe3+ initial concentration on structure, morphology and gas-sensing property of the as-synthesized products were studied. Compared with α-Fe2O3, SiO2@SnO2, and other SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3 composites, the sensor based on SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3-0.15 (the concentration of Fe3+ was 0.15 μM) showed excellent gas sensitivity, which had high response value (41 towards 100 ppm acetone), faster response and recovery time (7 s and 23 s) and a lower detection limit. The remarkable improvement of gas-sensing performance could be attributed to the unique mesoporous SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow structure with α-Fe2O3 nanotubes, the large specific surface area, the catalysis of α-Fe2O3 and the synergistic effect of SiO2, SnO2 and α-Fe2O3. The sensor based on dandelion-like SiO2@SnO2/α-Fe2O3 hollow microspheres would be a potential application in acetone gas detection.

Fabricating pod-like SnO2 hierarchical micro-nanostructures for enhanced acetone gas detection

In present work, we develop an enhanced acetone gas sensor by pod-like SnO2 hierarchical micro-nanostructures materials, which are successfully controlled morphology by hydrothermal strategy with subsequent annealing modulation. Specific annealing temperatures of modulated morphology is discussed by TG data at the initial stage of stabilization. Structures and morphology of all samples are characterized using XRD, FESEM, TEM, HRTEM, BET and XPS. Comparing the gas-sensitive properties of materials with four different annealing temperatures, the results exhibit that the pod-like SnO2 materials has the best sensing performance to detect acetone gas. The response of this sensor to 100 ppm acetone vapours is ~5 times higher, and the response/recovery time is ~1/6/~1/14 times shorter than that of the unannealed SnO2 based sensor. The further comparison indicates that this strategy is the simple and facile strategies for the rational design of SnO2 semiconductor materials with enhanced gas sensitivity in the absence of noble metal modification and other doping. In addition, the possible gas-sensing mechanism of the pod-like SnO2 hierarchical micro-nanostructures sensor is also discussed at the optimal operating temperature.

Nanostructured Metal Oxide-Based Acetone Gas Sensors: A Review.

Acetone is a well-known volatile organic compound that is widely used in different industrial and domestic areas. However, it can have dangerous effects on human life and health. Thus, the realization of sensitive and selective sensors for recognition of acetone is highly important. Among different gas sensors, resistive gas sensors based on nanostructured metal oxide with high surface area, have been widely reported for successful detection of acetone gas, owing to their high sensitivity, fast dynamics, high stability, and low price. Herein, we discuss different aspects of metal oxide-based acetone gas sensors in pristine, composite, doped, and noble metal functionalized forms. Gas sensing mechanisms are also discussed. This review is an informative document for those who are working in the field of gas sensors.

Acetone Sensing Properties of NiO Nanofibers Based on Electrospinning

Acetone is a main respiratory marker for diabetic patients. In this paper, P-type NiO nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning and used for the detection of acetone gas. NiO nanofibers were characterized by SEM and XRD. The uniform NiO nanofibers with face-centered cubic structure was obtained. The working temperature of NiO nanofibers was optimized, and the optimal operating temperature is 220°C. The response-recovery curve was tested, and the response and recovery time is 24.6 s and 610 s respectively. The response to different concentrations of acetone was also analyzed, and the detection limit was 100 ppb. These results show that NiO nanofibers based on electrospinning have potential applications in the respiratory testing of diabetes.