Detection Mode Research Articles

3D Printed Nanosensors for Cancer Diagnosis: Advances and Future Perspective.

Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, requiring continuous advancements in diagnosis and treatment. Traditional methods often lack sensitivity and specificity, leading to the need for new methods. 3D printing has emerged as a transformative tool in cancer diagnosis, offering the potential for precise and customizable nanosensors. These advancements are critical in cancer research, aiming to improve early detection and monitoring of tumors. In current times, the usage of the 3D printing technique has been more prevalent as a flexible medium for the production of accurate and adaptable nanosensors characterized by exceptional sensitivity and specificity. The study aims to enhance early cancer diagnosis and prognosis by developing advanced 3D-printed nanosensors using 3D printing technology. The research explores various 3D printing techniques, design strategies, and functionalization strategies for cancer-specific biomarkers. The integration of these nanosensors with detection modalities like fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is also evaluated. The study explores the use of inkjet printing, stereolithography, and fused deposition modeling to create nanostructures with enhanced performance. It also discusses the design and functionalization methods for targeting cancer indicators. The integration of 3D-printed nanosensors with multiple detection modalities, including fluorescence, electrochemical, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, enables rapid and reliable cancer diagnosis. The results show improved sensitivity and specificity for cancer biomarkers, enabling early detection of tumor indicators and circulating cells. The study highlights the potential of 3D-printed nanosensors to transform cancer diagnosis by enabling highly sensitive and specific detection of tumor biomarkers. It signifies a pivotal step forward in cancer diagnostics, showcasing the capacity of 3D printing technology to produce advanced nanosensors that can significantly improve early cancer detection and patient outcomes.

Filterless Near‐Infrared Narrowband Photodetectors Based on Mixed Metal Perovskite Single Crystals

AbstractIodine‐based Sn‐Pb mixed perovskite single crystals (SCs) are promising candidates for near‐infrared (NIR) narrowband photodetectors due to their low bandgaps. However, they are highly defective when grown in ambient air due to the extremely poor air stability of Sn2+ ions in precursor solutions. It is discovered that the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ ions not only consumes Sn2+ ions but also increases the precursor solution viscosity. The increased viscosity slows down the solute diffusion and hinders the anisotropic growth of SCs, leading to Sn‐Pb perovskite SCs with curved convex surfaces and unevenly distributed composition. By preventing the solute‐diffusion‐limited growth mode with hypophosphorous acid (H3PO2), high‐quality Sn‐Pb perovskite SCs can be robustly grown in ambient air with low trap density of 6.58 × 109 cm−3 and high carrier mobility‐lifetime product (µτ) of 1.5 × 10−3 cm2 V−1. Accordingly, a series of filterless NIR narrowband photodetectors with gradually tuned detection centers and dual detection modes has been achieved, delivering a maximum external quantum efficiency of 15.2% and detectivity of 1.19 × 1010 Jones.

Ultra-high sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensors based on dispersion turning point sensitization of surface plasmonic polariton modes for low RI liquid detection

Ultra-high sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensors based on dispersion turning point sensitization of surface plasmonic polariton modes for low RI liquid detection

On the origin of low-valent uranium oxidation state

The significant interest in actinide bonding has recently focused on novel compounds with exotic oxidation states. However, the difficulty in obtaining relevant high-quality experimental data, particularly for low-valent actinide compounds, prevents a deeper understanding of 5f systems. Here we show X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in the high-energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode at the uranium M4 edge for the UIII and UIV halides, namely UX3 and UX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, I). The spectral shapes of these two series exhibit clear differences, which we explain using electronic structure calculations of the 3d-4f resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) process. To understand the changes observed, we implemented crystal field models with ab initio derived parameters and investigated the effect of reducing different contributions to the electron-electron interactions involved in the RIXS process. Our analysis shows that the electron-electron interactions weaken as the ligand changes from I to F, indicative of a decrease in ionicity both along and between the UX3 and UX4 halide series.

Development of quantum dot-based immunochromatographic strip for detection of antibodies against ASFV pp62

ASFV is the only known double-stranded insect-borne DNA virus, which can rapidly infect domestic pigs and wild boars with ticks as transmission medium. Since it was first discovered in 1921, it quickly spread to all parts of the world and brought huge economic losses to the pig industry all over the world. At present, there is still no safe and effective vaccine for ASFV. Here, we developed a quantum-dot labeled antibody test strip for the detection of antibodies against ASFV pp62. The pp62 protein was labeled with quantum dots, and the antibody test strip was developed uses it in a detection mode of labeled antigen-SPA interceptor-monoclonal antibody quality control. The test strip showed high sensitivity, the positive detection limit of the strip was 1: 106 by continuous multiple dilution using the positive standard serum of ASFV antibody as reference. The test strip showed good specificity, and there was no cross reaction with other swine diseases virus (PCV2, PRRSV, CSFV, PPV). Using the detection results of commercialized kit for African swine fever virus as reference, 80 ASFV antibody negative serum and 4 different ASFV antibody positive serum were detected using the ASFV pp62 quantum-dot labeled antibody test strip. The results were consistent with the commercial kit. This study provides a new detection method for the prevention and control of African swine fever.

Synchrotron Infrared Nano-Spectroscopy and Imaging of Lithium Fluoride in the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Li-Ion Anodes

The solid electrolyte interphase layer that forms on the surface of the negative electrode in Li-ion batteries is crucial for battery cycle/calendar life, rate performance and safety. This 10's of nanometers layer is formed from the decomposition of the liquid electrolyte and its passivation properties are very sensitive to its formation and aging conditions. Despite this critical role, there is still a lack of fundamental understanding of how its structure and composition relate to its stability and passivation performance.Amongst the SEI products that form during the decomposition of liquid electrolyte, lithium fluoride (LiF) is a ubiquitous component and many attribute its presence to be a determining factor of a well passivated interface. Despite the importance, LiF’s nanostructure and distribution within the SEI layer is rarely investigated due to the lack of suitable characterization techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is the main tool to identify LiF in the SEI layer, but its micron scale lateral resolution precludes any nanometer scale mapping of LiF’s distribution which limits its ability to identify the role LiF plays in the SEI layer.Recently our group has been characterizing the SEI layer of Li-ion negative electrodes with nano-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (nano-FTIR).1,2 Nano-FTIR is a scanning probe technique based in a typical atomic force microscope (AFM) in which a broadband laser illuminates a metallic tip/sample interface. The metallic tip acts as an antenna, focusing the infrared light adjacent to the interface and creating a near-field interaction. By operating in constant tapping mode and due to the nonlinearity of the near-field signal on the tip/sample distance, the corresponding backscattered light from the near-field interaction with the sample can be separated from the background with lock-in amplification. The result is IR reflection and absorption spectra with lateral resolution close to the tip radius (ca. 20 nm). This far exceeds the diffraction limited resolution of typical IR microscopy (~10’s µm) creating new opportunities for IR characterization on nanometer length scales.In this talk, we’ll discuss our recent work related to utilizing synchrotron-based nano-FTIR to characterize and image LiF in the SEI layer of Li-ion based negative electrodes. The synchrotron infrared light source allows the detection of photons out to the far-IR (322 cm-1 limit) which enables the detection of the vibrational modes of Li containing inorganic phases such as LiF, Li2O, and LiH. By comparing model thin film LiF nano-FTIR spectra with experimental spectra take from the surfaces of Cu, Si thin film, and a novel metallic glass anode, we can gauge the heterogeneity of the LiF in the SEI layer and then suggest different LiF formation mechanisms. Based on the results, we believe that nano-FTIR with a synchrotron based light source will be a key tool to unravelling the nanoscale structure of the SEI layer due to its nanoscale chemical sensitivity and nondestructive nature.This research was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE)’s Vehicle Technologies Office under the Silicon Consortium Project directed by Brian Cunningham and managed by Anthony Burrell. This research used resources of the Advanced Light Source from beamline 2.4, which is a DOE Office of Science User Facility under contract no. DE-AC02-05CH11231. References (1) Dopilka, A.; Gu, Y.; Larson, J. M.; Zorba, V.; Kostecki, R. Nano-FTIR Spectroscopy of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer on a Thin-Film Silicon Li-Ion Anode. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15 (5), 6755–6767.(2) He, X.; Larson, J. M.; Bechtel, H. A.; Kostecki, R. In Situ Infrared Nanospectroscopy of the Local Processes at the Li/Polymer Electrolyte Interface. Nature Communications 2022, 13 (1), 1398.

Spatial Nonuniformity of Photoresponse in SiC UV Avalanche Photodiodes Operating in Linear and Geiger Mode

Silicon Carbide's intrinsic material properties, along with the availability of low-defect density, 6" substrates, make it an attractive material system for visible-blind ultraviolet (UV) detectors. Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) made from SiC have been shown to operate both as linear mode detectors with high gain (>10⁷) and as single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs) with competitive photon detection efficiency. However, reported spatial non-uniformities in photoresponse of these devices will reduce sensitivity [1,2].In this paper, we examine the impact of device geometry, epitaxial variations, and crystal anisotropy on the spatial uniformity of photoresponse in SiC APDs. Photoresponse maps are generated using a fast 285 nm pulsed LED source that is tightly focused to a ~10 µm spot. Response maps are measured for devices with different geometries fabricated on the same chip in both linear-mode and Geiger-mode. Measurements on standard pin diodes will be presented, along with separate absorption, charge, and multiplication (SACM) structures.Experimental results indicate that all devices exhibit localized regions of high photoresponse at gain > 1000 and that the spreading of the photoresponse is highly directional. Finger diodes with 120 μm x 30 μm mesas exhibit good response uniformity with a variation < 30% across the device. In contrast, diodes with 60 and 90 μm square-shaped mesas exhibit similar uniform response spreading along one edge that is bounded by the size of the mesa, but a >10x drop in relative response over ~30-40 μm in the orthogonal direction which is much shorter than the extent of the mesa. Devices with 100 μm circular mesas exhibit somewhat similar results to the square diodes, but with the presence of multiple hot spots in response.Experimental results are analyzed through 3D numerical modeling of devices which accounts for the effects of doping and thickness variations across the substrate as well as the anisotropy of impact ionization. Modeling indicates that small variations in the thickness in the drift regions of a diode can yield meaningful variations in avalanche gain across the mesa. The impact of anisotropic impact ionization will be considered using full-band 3D Monte Carlo calculations. X. Bai, H.-D. Liu, D. C. McIntosh and J. C. Campbell, "High-Detectivity and High-Single-Photon-Detection-Efficiency 4H-SiC Avalanche Photodiodes," IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 45 300-303 (2009). DOI: 10.1109/JQE.2009.2013093.L. Su et al, "Recent progress of SiC UV single photon counting avalanche photodiodes," J. Semicond. 40 121802 (2019). DOI: 10.1088/1674-4926/40/12/121802. Figure 1

Rapid detection of perfluorooctanoic acid by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and deep learning

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has received increasing concerns in recent years due to its wide distribution and potential toxicity. Existing detection techniques of PFOA require complex pre-treatment, therefore often taking several hours. Here, we developed a rapid PFOA detection mode to detect approximate concentrations of PFOA (ranging from 10−15 to 10−3 mol/L) in deionized water, and detecting one sample takes only 20 min. The detection mode was achieved using a deep learning model trained by a large surface enhanced Raman spectra dataset, based on the agglomeration of PFOA with crystal violet. In addition, transfer learning approach was used to fine tune the model, the fine-tuned model was generalizable across water samples with different impurities and environments to determine whether meet the safety standards of PFOA, the accuracy was 96.25 % and 94.67 % for tap water and lake water samples, respectively. The mechanism and specificity of the detection mode were further confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation. Our work provides a promising solution for PFOA detection, especially in the context of the increasingly widespread application of PFOA.

Multimodal soft sensor integrated with hydrogel-optoelectronic for wrist motion monitoring

Developing a multimodal flexible sensor capable of incorporating multiple sensing mechanisms in a restricted space remains difficult. In this study, we propose a unique multimodal soft sensor that utilizes a rectangular transparent conductive hydrogel as both strain resistance and optoelectronic propagation channel to achieve the integration of both resistive and optoelectronic sensing mechanisms in a single geometrical unit, which further enables the detection of multiple mechanical deformation modes. This sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (1.92 for stretching, 4.43 rad−1 for width-bending, 1.78 rad−1 for height-bending), a large measurement range (0-90° for bidirectional bending, 0–100 % for stretching), and high stability (drift 3.0 % for stretching, 2.9 % for width-bending, 1.9 % for height-bending). And a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory Network (BiLSTM) is created to address the strong coupling issue in multimodal sensing, to achieve decoupling of different deformation signals, and to further realize accurate monitoring of complex wrist motion states.

A biosensor integrating the electrochemical and fluorescence strategies for detection of aflatoxin B1 based on a dual-functionalized platform

BackgroundAflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is a potent hepatic carcinogen which causes cancer by inducing DNA changes in the liver cells. Variety of methods have been developed for detection of AFB1 which are based on single mode detection strategy. Fabrication of novel platform which are compatible for multimodal detection of AFB1 provide robust performance for reliable detection of AFB1. In this study, we aimed to develop a robust biosensing platform that combines electrochemical and fluorescence techniques for the sensitive and specific detection of Aflatoxin B1. ResultsThe sensing platform includes the magnetic core-shell Fe3O4@AuNPs and zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8). In electrochemical mode, the applied voltametric approach was used through functionalization of glassy carbon electrode and exhibited a linear range between 0.5 and 10000 pg mL−1 with LOD of 0.32 pg mL−1. Fluorescence analysis was based on the FRET on/off status of FAM-functionalized aptamer deposited on the same platform. The FAM emission recovered by the addition of AFB1 concentration in the range of 6–60 fg mL−1 with the LOD of 0.20 fg mL−1. The real sample analysis demonstrated satisfactory relative recoveries in the range of 92.81–105.32 % and 91.66–106.66 % using the electrochemical and fluorescence methods, respectively, and its reliability was confirmed by the HPLC technique. SignificanceThe experimental results affirm that the proposed aptasensor serves as a sensitive, efficient, and precise platform for monitoring AFB1 in both electrochemical and fluorescence detection approaches. Proposed strategy showed efficient selectivity among different analytes and was reproducible. Furthermore, the applicability of biosensor was confirmed in food and biological samples.

Tubulin Vibration Modes Are in the Subterahertz Range, and Their Electromagnetic Absorption Is Affected by Water.

Many proteins are thought to coordinate distant sites in their structures through a concerted action of global structural vibrations. However, the direct experimental spectroscopic detection of these vibration modes is rather elusive. We used normal-mode analysis to explore the dominant vibration modes of an all-atom model of the tubulin protein and described their characteristics using a large ensemble of tubulin structures. We quantified the frequency range of the normal vibrational modes to be in the subterahertz band, specifically between ∼40 and ∼160 GHz. Adding water layers to the model increases the frequencies of the low-frequency modes and narrows the frequency variations of the modes among the protein ensemble. We also showed how the electromagnetic absorption of tubulin vibration modes is affected by vibrational damping. These results contribute to our understanding of tubulin's vibrational and electromagnetic properties and provide a foundation for future attempts to control protein behavior via external electromagnetic fields.

Development and Validation of a Sensitive Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Ceftolozane and Tazobactam in Human Plasma Microsamples.

Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C-T) is a novel beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination approved for the treatment of various infections caused by difficult-to-treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In critically ill patients, C-T may exhibit significant pharmacokinetic variability, both between individuals and within individuals, warranting therapeutic drug monitoring for clinical purposes. We aim to develop and validate a novel and sensitive analytical method for concurrently determining C and T in human plasma microsamples (3μL). The method was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) with positive electrospray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection modes, employing specific mass transitions for both drugs. Sample preparation was simple, and the chromatographic run lasted only 4 minutes. Validation was conducted according to European Medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines, encompassing specificity, sensitivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, matrix effect, extraction recovery, limit of quantification, and drug stability. The validated method was applied to measure C and T in 32 plasma samples collected from critically ill patients with multidrug-resistant, gram-negative, bacterial infections. The method ensured accurate (BIAS% 2.1-9.6 for C and -2.2 to 15.2 for T) and precise intraday CV% for C: 6.7-5.5; for T: 1.3-8.9; interday CV% for C 6.0-10.8; for T 4.1-10.2) measurements of C-T over a wide concentration range (0.2-200.0 mg/L for C and 0.1-100.0 mg/L for T). Overall, the recovery at quality control concentration levels was high for both C and T (mean values: 90-91 for C and 89-92 for T). Analyte stability was satisfactory in both human plasma and extracts under various storage conditions. The clinical applicability of the assay was confirmed by the reliably quantifying C and T in clinical plasma samples. The developed and validated LC-MS/MS method is sensitive and suitable for monitoring C and T in human plasma microsamples.

What Structural Biology Tells Us About the Mode of Action and Detection of Toxicants.

The study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms is an old and intense field of research. However, toxicological and environmental health sciences have long been dominated by descriptive approaches that enable associations or correlations but relatively few robust causal links and molecular mechanisms. Recent achievements have shown that structural biology approaches can bring this added value to the field. By providing atomic-level information, structural biology is a powerful tool to decipher the mechanisms by which toxicants bind to and alter the normal function of essential cell components, causing adverse effects. Here, using endocrine-disrupting chemicals as illustrative examples, we describe recent advances in the structure-based understanding of their modes of action and how this knowledge can be exploited to develop computational tools aimed at predicting properties of large collections of compounds.

Digital Homodyne and Heterodyne Detection for Stationary Bosonic Modes.

Homo- and heterodyne detection are fundamental techniques for measuring propagating electromagnetic fields. However, applying these techniques to stationary fields confined in cavities poses a challenge. As a way to overcome this challenge, we propose to use repeated indirect measurements of a two-level system interacting with the cavity. We demonstrate numerically that the proposed measurement scheme faithfully reproduces measurement statistics of homo- or heterodyne detection. The scheme can be implemented in various physical architectures, including circuit quantum electrodynamics. Our results pave the way for implementation of quantum algorithms requiring linear detection of stationary modes, including quantum verification protocols.

The correlation of gait and muscle activation characteristics with locomotion dysfunction grade in elderly individuals.

To investigate the differences and regularity of gait and muscle activation characteristics parameters in the Locomotion Dysfunction Grade (LDG) scale assessment in elderly individuals, and analyse the correlation between objective parameters and scale grading. Thus, to propose a novel detection mode for elderly individuals, which combined the LDG scale with objective detection. It can not only provide quantitative data for intelligent evaluation and rehabilitation, but also provided more accurate reference for the classification of care levels in elderly care policies. Elderly individuals (n = 159) who underwent gait analysis and sEMG at the Chinese Rehabilitation Research Center from January 2019 to September 2023 were included. According to the LDG scale, the elderly individuals were divided into four groups, namely, the LDG4, LDG5, LDG6 groups and the healthy control group. Four indicators, namely, spatiotemporal, kinematic, dynamic gait parameters and muscle activation characteristics data, were collected. Changes in these characteristics of elderly individuals with lower extremity motor dysfunction were evaluated and analysed statistically. The spatiotemporal gait parameters were significantly lower in the LDG4, LDG5, LDG6 groups than in the healthy control group. The double support phase was positively correlated with the LDG, while the swing phase, step length and velocity were negatively correlated (P < 0.05). The movement angles of both hips, knees and ankles were significantly limited and negatively correlated with the LDG (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the healthy control group, the centre of pressure (COP) path length were greater, and the average COP velocity was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the LDG4, LDG5, LDG6 groups. The regularity of muscle activation clearly changed. The root mean square of the gastrocnemius medialis was positively correlated with LDG (P < 0.05), while the tibialis anterior showed no regularity. As the LDG increased, the differences in spatiotemporal, kinematic and dynamic gait parameters between elderly individuals with motor dysfunction and the healthy individuals gradually increased. The muscle activation characteristics parameters showed an abnormal activation pattern. These parameters were correlated with the LDG, providing a more comprehensive and objective assessment of lower extremity motor function in elderly individuals, improve assessment accuracy, and help accurate rehabilitation.

Enhancing crack detection in railway tracks through AI-optimized ultrasonic guided wave modes

The utilization of ultrasonic guided wave technology for detecting cracks in railway tracks involves analyzing echo signals produced by the interaction of cracks with guided wave modes to achieve precise crack localization, which is extremely important in a real-time railway crack robotic detection system. Addressing the challenge of selecting the optimal detection mode for cracks in various regions of railway tracks, this paper presents a method for optimal crack detection mode selection. This method is based on the sensitivity of guided wave modes to cracks. By examining the frequency dispersion characteristics and mode shapes of guided wave modes, we establish indicators for crack zone energy and crack reflection intensity. Our focus is on the railhead of the railway track, selecting guided wave modes characterized by specific cracks for detection purposes. Experimental findings validate the accuracy of our proposed mode selection method in detecting cracks in railway tracks. This research not only enhances crack detection but also lays the groundwork for exploring advanced detection and localization techniques for cracks in railway tracks.

A dual-signal mode electrochemical aptasensor based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures for sensitive detection of citrinin in food using PtPdCo mesoporous nanozymes

Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin with nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity, presenting a significant threat to human health that is often overlooked. Therefore, a dual-signal mode (DPV and SWV) aptasensor for citrinin (CIT) detection was constructed based on tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDN) in this study. Furthermore, PtPdCo mesoporous nanozymes exhibit catalase-like catalytic functions, generating significant electrochemical signals through a Fenton-like reaction. Meanwhile their excellent Methylene Blue (MB) loading capability ensures independent dual signal outputs. The RecJf exonuclease-assisted (RecJf Exo-assisted) process can expand the linear detection range, enabling further amplification of the signal. Under optimized conditions, the constructed aptaensor exhibited excellent detection performance with limits of detection (LODs) of 7.67 × 10−3 ng·mL−1 (DPV mode) and 1.57 × 10−3 ng·mL−1 (SWV mode). Due to its multiple signal amplification and highly accurate dual-signal mode detection capability, this aptasensor shows promising potential for the in situ detection.

New method for rapid detection and simultaneous determination of prohibited adrenergic drugs in sports using thin layer chromatography and image processing

This study presents a new method for simultaneous determination of fenoterol, procaterol, clenbuterol, terbutaline and isoprenaline drugs using thin-layer chromatography assisted by image analysis (HPTLC-IA) combined with sensitive detection modes. Separation of the selected drugs was obtained using HPTLC Silica gel 60 F254 plates and mixture of isopropyl alcohol, ethyl acetate and ammonia (20:25:1.5 v/v/v) as mobile phase. UV detection mode combined with the use of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+•) radicals were applied for the first time for sensible detection of the separated drugs. Grey, green, red and blue scales respectively were selected for image analysis and accurate quantification of spot area. According to the obtained result, the use of DPPH• and ABTS+• reagents revealed a higher sensitivity in detection and accurate quantification of the analyzed drugs. Lower limit of detection (LOD = 0.07 ± 0.03 µg/spot; 0.09 ± 0.03 µg/spot and 0.10 ± 0.04 µg/spot) was obtained for fenoterol, procaterol and terbutaline using the ABTS+• radical and red scale selection for image processing. With the exception of isoprenaline, the proposed HPTLC-IA method showed a good separation of fenoterol, procaterol, clenbuterol and terbutaline drugs from other compounds in urine samples. Good recovery was obtained for these drugs in spiked urine samples.

Dominant duct azimuthal acoustic mode detection considering failed wall-installed microphones with amplitude or phase measurement biases

Reliable duct mode detection results are essential for aero-engine health condition monitoring and low-noise design. Harsh aero-engine measurement environments may cause biases in amplitude and phase measurements due to the failure of wall-mounted microphones, which will decrease the performance of advanced sparse representation algorithms for duct mode detection. In this paper, two strategies to detect the duct mode with the failed microphones are proposed. An optimization problem is constructed considering the low-rankness of theoretical array measurement and row-sparsity of the failed microphone measurements. The Strategy 1 is based on the recovery of the theoretical array measurement. The recovered array measurement can be further used to detect the duct mode via the sparsity-induced duct mode detection algorithm (generalized minimax-concave penalty in this paper). With the simulation, the Strategy 1 can not recover the theoretical array measurement completely. The Strategy 2 is based on the removal of the failed microphone measurements. With the simulation and experiment, it turns out that the Strategy 2 can detect the interested mode accurately.

“Four - in - one” platform based on multifunctional nanozyme for ultra - accurate detection and on - demand disinfection of Listeria monocytogenes

The inability to integrate detection and disinfection hindered building a unified pathogen monitoring platform, risking secondary contamination. Herein, a novel “four - in - one” platform for monitoring foodborne Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) was presented. The magnetic daptomycin - functionalized Fe3O4 (Dap/Fe3O4) could selectively bind to L. monocytogenes, enhancing detection accuracy. The separated bacteria were captured by aptamers - functionalized Fe - doped - silica nanoparticles (Apt/Fe@SiNPs) for tri - mode detection. Besides fluorescence, the Apt/Fe@SiNPs converted 3,3′,5,5′ - tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to oxidized TMB (oxTMB) via peroxidase activity, allowing colorimetric and subsequent photothermal detection upon irradiation, as low as 2.06 CFU/mL. Magnetic - induced aggregation of Apt/Fe@SiNPs generated toxic hydroxyl radicals around L. monocytogenes, achieving ∼99.6% disinfection. Furthermore, the biofilm of L. monocytogenes was effectively inhibited by the action of hydroxyl radicals. The platform might offer a promising prospect to control L. monocytogenes in food industries.