Biosensor For Detection Research Articles

A New Performed Metamaterial Biosensor for the Early Detection of Cancer Cells

A New Performed Metamaterial Biosensor for the Early Detection of Cancer Cells

Design and Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Refractive Index Biosensor for Detection of Colorectal Cancer with Machine Learning Approach

Design and Analysis of Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Refractive Index Biosensor for Detection of Colorectal Cancer with Machine Learning Approach

A sensitive PnpR-based biosensor for p-nitrophenol detection.

A common aromatic and phenolic pollutant, p-nitrophenol (PNP), is widely used in various industry and has serious risk to the environmental health. Biosensors have been extensively employed as an alternative technology for pollutants monitoring. By mining the new sensing elements, more specific biosensors could be characterized for highly sensitive detection. Herein, the PnpR transcription factor was identified to activate the transcription of pnpC1 by binding to PpnpC1 promoter region in P. putida DLL-E4, and PNP was recognized as its specific inducer. The PnpR-based biosensor for detection of PNP was developed, demonstrating adequate sensitivity in a liquid solution with satisfactory specificity. The biosensor was optimized by adopting a transcriptional amplifier, which increased the maximum output by 149-fold, and improved the detection limit by 100-fold, from 1mg/L to 10μg/L. These biosensors had a linear range of 5-80mg/L and 0.01-1.0mg/L for PNP determination, respectively. Then, the agarose gel entrapment-based biosensor was constructed and allowed a good of PNP detection in the range of 5-60mg/L in M9 solid agar within 70min, and a detection sensitive of 16.8mg/kg in soil. The good performance of the biosensor suggested its potential application of high-efficient and on-site detection in environmental matrices.

ViPER: A visual bipolar electrochemical biosensor based on isothermal addition of a universal tag for detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Emergence of recent pandemics/endemics e.g. COVID-19 and Dengue fever, demonstrated the necessity of development of strategies for swift adaptation of present biosensor for detection of the new emerging pathogens. However, development of a biosensor for a new target is time- and labor-consuming. In this study, we aimed to integrate the primer exchange reaction (PER), an isothermal technique that extends an initiator DNA with a user-defined single-stranded DNA tail, with bipolar electrochemistry. This integration led to the development of a universal biosensor, termed ViPER. We demonstrated the utility of the developed system to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic RNA as a model. The genomic RNA was reverse transcribed to a short cDNA and was tailed with a universal tag, consequently, the tagged cDNA was applied to an electrochemiluminescence integrated bipolar electrochemical biosensor (BPE-ECL). ECL signals were recorded using a digital camera and analyzed by ImageJ. The platform demonstrated a linear response over a wide dynamic range of 10-7-10-17M for the target nucleic acid with a detection limit of 2.31×10-17M for synthetic targets. The biosensor could also successfully discriminate between biological RNA samples from infected and non-infected individuals. This study introduces the potential of DNA-based visual biosensors for detecting single-stranded RNAs in low-equipped environments, and it holds promises for further development of an ultrasensitive method for various human RNA-based viral pathogens. Moreover, we can design a platform with a predetermined DNA probe sequence for a vast variety of different targets, simply by changing the PER input.

Post-synthesis surface modification of Cu/Zr metal azolate framework: A pathway to highly sensitive electrochemical biosensors for atrazine detection.

Atrazine (ATZ), a pesticide that poses serious health problems, is observed in the environment, thereby prompting its periodic monitoring and control using functional biosensors. However, established methods for ATZ detection have limited applicability. Two-dimensional (2D) metal azolate frameworks (MAF) have a higher surface area per unit volume and provide easier access to active sites. The shorter diffusion path for guest molecules increases the diffusion rates, which is suitable for electrochemical detection. The sensing performance of electrochemical biosensors can be improved by modifying MAFs, resulting in their high affinity for highly sensitive and selective detection of ATZ in the environment. Cu/Zr-based MAF synthesized via a simple sonochemical method and surface-engineered ozonation are demonstrated for the electrochemical sensing of ATZ. The combination of ultrasonication and ultraviolet/ozone surface functionalization significantly enhance the properties of a two-dimensional MAF, including a reduction in resistance, an increase in specific surface area, and the creation of numerous active sites. The developed electrochemical biosensors exhibit a high sensitivity (8.8μAμM-1cm-2), low detection limit of 0.236zM, and wide linear range of 1zM to 1M towards ATZ. Furthermore, excellent selectivity in the presence of diverse interferents and a long shelf life in ambient air for 60d are achieved. The practical feasibility of the biosensor consisting of surface-engineered Cu/Zr-MAF is demonstrated by detecting the ATZ in agricultural wastewater and river water. Cu and Zr transition metals with multiple valence states in MAF facilitate the reduction of ATZ through coordination bonding, while the increased oxygenating active sites in 2D structure collectively accelerates the charge transfer. This synergy between the structural design and surface engineering ultimately improves the biosensor's sensitivity and efficiency for the detection of ATZ. This work can provide a new perspective on practical biosensor applications for the electrochemical detection of pesticides at extremely low concentrations.

A label-free gold nanoparticles functionalized peptide dendrimer biosensor for visual detection of breakthrough infections in COVID-19 vaccinated patients

Given the global implementation of effective COVID-19 vaccines, which do not confer complete immunity, it is crucial to monitor the occurrence of breakthrough infections, particularly against newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants. Hence, we developed a label-free colorimetric assay using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) functionalized with a peptide dendrimer incorporating highly reactive epitopes of the nucleocapsid (N) protein. This assay relies on the tween-20 induced colorimetric changes caused by the aggregation of peptide dendrimer-coated GNPs in the absence of anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, and vice versa. Transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and circular dichroism spectroscopy analyses all showed the formation of a uniform and highly stable coating of the peptide dendrimer over GNPs. Surface plasmon resonance experiments have demonstrated a strong binding affinity for the peptide dendrimer and anti- SARS-CoV-2 N antibodies, with a KD value of 525 nM. To validate the proof-of-concept, we have tested this assay on seventy human serum samples, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity (88.89 %) and specificity (100 %). This approach opens up new avenues for the development of simple and rapid diagnostic assays for identifying antibodies against viral infections and other pathogens.

Design and analysis of machine learning enhanced photonic crystal biosensor for bacterial detection

Design and analysis of machine learning enhanced photonic crystal biosensor for bacterial detection

Biosensors for the detection of celiac disease.

Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by sensitivity to gluten, a protein complex found in wheat, barley, and rye. Gliadins, a component of gluten, are proteins that trigger an immune response in individuals with CeD, primarily affecting the small intestine's inner lining. Despite a 1-1.5% prevalence, only 24% of cases are diagnosed due to non-specific symptoms. Screening is advised for high-risk groups, including first-degree relatives and type 1 diabetes patients. The accurate diagnosis of this condition and the assessment of the patient's response to the current treatment - a lifelong gluten-free diet - necessitate using dependable, swift, sensitive, specific, uncomplicated, and affordable analytical methods. Detecting CeD biomarkers in whole blood, serum, or plasma provides a non-invasive approach that serves as an ideal initial diagnostic step. Biosensors offer a novel and alternative way for CeD detection, began emerging in 2007, and hold promise for clinical and point-of-care applications. This review explores the use of biomarker-based diagnostic approaches for CeD, with a focus on biosensors. It delves into the progress of biosensors for CeD diagnosis, identifying trends and challenges in this evolving field. Key biomarkers are highlighted, offering insights into the evolving landscape of biosensors in CeD detection.

Development of an advanced acetaldehyde detection solution based on yeast and bacterial surface display technology

Acetaldehyde, a carcinogen widely present in various beverages and the natural environment, necessitates convenient and efficient detection methods. In this work, two different host strains were used to develop a sensitive, convenient, and efficient whole-cell optical biosensor for acetaldehyde detection. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (AldH) was displayed on the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and E. coli using flocculin protein and the N-terminal ice nucleation protein (INP) protein, respectively. The successful construction of yeast and bacteria surface display platforms was confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Then, the optimal AldH-display system for yeast and bacteria was confirmed. The optimum reaction conditions were determined by changing testing temperatures and pH values. The differences between the two display systems were compared. The highest whole-cell activities of yeast and bacteria under optimal conditions was 3.68 ± 0.07U/mL/OD600 for BY-S6G and 6.95 ± 0.04U/mL/OD600 for E-32-IrA. The strains with the best performance were chosen for the detection of acetaldehyde in wine and other beverage samples and showed substrate specificity and accuracy, in which the recovery rate ranged between 94.4% and 110.1%. The results demonstrated that the AldH surface display strains could be used as an optical biosensor to detect acetaldehyde in beverages and red wine.

Magnetically controlled fluorescence biosensor for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and its toxin-producing gene aflD

Magnetically controlled fluorescence biosensor for simultaneous detection of aflatoxin B1 and its toxin-producing gene aflD

A novel microfluidic colorimetric biosensor for rapid and automatic detection Escherichia coli O157:H7 in aquaponics water

A novel microfluidic colorimetric biosensor for rapid and automatic detection Escherichia coli O157:H7 in aquaponics water

Innovative transgenic zebrafish biosensor for heavy metal detection.

Heavy metal contamination is an urgent environmental issue that poses a significant threat to human health and the ecosystem. To mitigate the adverse impacts of heavy metal pollution, the aim of this research was to develop genetically engineered zebrafish as biosensors, which offer a promising alternative for detecting heavy metal exposure, specifically Cd2⁺ and Zn2⁺. A novel heavy metal-sensitive gene construct metallothionine 2 promoter with DsRed reporter gene (mt2-DsRed2) was synthesized and integrated into zebrafish embryos using a Tol2 transposon transposase system with the transgenic zebrafish line subjected to biosensing applications for Cd2+ and Zn2+. The biosensor showed specific responses with linear correlation heavy metal concentration and DsRed fluorescence signal for Cd2+ and Zn2+ with (p<0.01) a minimum detection limit of 4ppb for each metal ion but not for the non-specific metal ion Ni2+, which makes it suitable for laboratory-based heavy metal assessment assays in the low heavy metal concentration ranges of 0-10ppb. Additionally, the study investigated the toxicity of heavy metals on zebrafish early developmental stages applying a modified version of the OECD Fish Embryo Toxicity (FET-236) test. Accordingly, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Ni2+ exhibited no significant toxicity effects on zebrafish embryos within the low dose range of 2-10ppb confirming the biocompatibility of the transgenic zebrafish biosensor for heavy metal sensing applications. Thus, the developed transgenic zebrafish line can accurately sense heavy metals Cd2+ and Zn2+ within the low dose range, making it a promising alternative laboratory assay for environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

MicroRNA biosensors for detection of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a prevalent health condition characterized by gradual kidney function loss. Early detection is crucial for the effective management and treatment of CKD. A promising biomarker for various diseases, including chronic kidney disease, is microRNAs (miRNAs), which are becoming increasingly important due to their stability and differential expression in various disease-related states, including CKD. Recent developments in microRNA biosensors have made it possible to detect miRNAs associated with CKD in a sensitive and specific manner. This review article discusses the current state of microRNA biosensors for detecting CKD and highlights their potential applications in clinical settings. Various microRNA biosensors, including electrochemical, optical, and nanomaterial-based sensors, are explored for their ability to detect specific miRNAs linked to CKD progression. The advantages and limitations of these biosensors are evaluated, focusing on factors such as sensitivity, specificity, and ease of use. Overall, microRNA biosensors are promising diagnostic tools for early detection of CKD. However, challenges such as standardizing protocols, validating in large cohorts, and translating to clinical practice remain to be addressed. Future research efforts should aim to overcome these limitations to fully realize the potential of microRNA biosensors in improving the diagnosis and management of CKD.

Coreactant-free electrochemiluminescent biosensor for detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on host–guest structure of Arg/ATT-AuNCs and DNA nanomachines

Coreactant-free electrochemiluminescent biosensor for detection of Staphylococcus aureus based on host–guest structure of Arg/ATT-AuNCs and DNA nanomachines

"Next-Generation Electrochemical Biosensors for Acrylamide: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities".

Acrylamide is a hazardous substance present in heat-processed food products and industrial wastewater. It is carcinogenic and neurotoxic and therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring its levels and the need for sensitive and accurate detection techniques. Electrochemical biosensing has emerged as a potential analytical method for detecting acrylamide. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent developments in electrochemical biosensing methods, including amperometric, potentiometric, and impedimetric biosensors for acrylamide detection. The creation and use of novel biorecognition components, such as enzymes, antibodies, and molecularly imprinted polymers that enhance the sensitivity and specificity of acrylamide monitoring, are given special attention. Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon-based nanomaterials and metallic nanoparticles was investigated for its potential to improve the sensors' electrochemical characteristics and overall efficacy. The potential of electrochemical biosensors for acrylamide detection is further illustrated, showcasing their effectiveness in a range of matrices in different food products. This review aims to inform researchers about the latest technological developments, trends, and future directions in electrochemical biosensing for acrylamide detection. The study highlights the significance of ongoing research and cooperation in creating efficient biosensing systems to protect public health and the environment by thoroughly examining current technology and pointing out areas for improvement.

Solution-Gated Thin Film Transistor Biosensor-Based SnO2 Amorphous Film for Label-Free Detection of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules.

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was considered to be an important marker of multiple tumors, and its high expression is closely related to the early diagnosis and treatment of tumors. At present, metal oxide semiconductors have become a key component of biosensor and bioelectronics technology. Tin oxide shows great potential for development because of its nontoxic, nonpolluting, low price, and excellent electrical properties. In this study, a novel SnO2 solution-gated thin film transistor (SGTFT) biosensor for the specific detection of EpCAM was successfully developed using SnO2 film prepared by the sol-gel method as the channel material. By selecting the optimal thickness of 100 nm SnO2 film as the channel material, the transconductance value (gm) reached 1432 μS, and the threshold voltage (Vth) remained stable at 0.288 V. In order to achieve qualitative and quantitative detection of EpCAM, SnO2 films were subjected to a specific chemical treatment to fix the aptamer. Through a specific recognition between the aptamer and EpCAM, the gate voltage changes were triggered to regulate the channel current of the device. FE-SEM, EIS, XPS, and electrical performance tests were employed to track and measure the modification process. Based on the optimizations described above, the prepared SGTFT exhibited high detection sensitivity (14.6 mV·dec-1), the limit of detection (LOD) down to 24.4 pg/mL, and the calibration curves in the range of 0.02 ng/mL-500 ng/mL for EpCAM sensing. The developed SnO2-SGTFT biosensor is anticipated to provide a new highly sensitive and specific detection platform for health monitoring and disease diagnosis.

Cocatalysis of catalytic hairpin assembly and ternary heterojunction Bi2S3@MoS2@Bi2MoO6 promotes ultra-sensitive electrochemical of detection MiRNA-21.

Ternary heterojunction Bi2S3/MoS2/Bi2MoO6 was designed as a signal probe to develop a dual signal amplification strategy empowered electrochemical biosensor for sensitive miRNA-21 detection by combining with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). The combination of the Bi2S3/MoS2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction as a tracer indication probe and the CHA amplification strategy not only took fully use of the highly dense nanowire interwoven structure and superior active region of the probe, but also endowed the ability to improve the molecular hybridization efficiency by collision, which significantly avoided the cumbersome chain design and greatly simplified the step-by-step construction of the electrode surface. Hairpin H1 was first added dropwise to the gold nanoparticle-decorated electrode surface, and then opened by the introduced miRNA-21 to initiate the specific hybridization. Once the H2-MB/Bi2S3/MoS2/Bi2MoO6 heterojunction was added, more sensitive and rapid detection of miRNA-21 would be achieved through the introduction of methylene blue since the cocatalysis of hairpin assembly and ternary heterojunction Bi2S3@MoS2@Bi2MoO6. Finally, the constructed biosensor demonstrated effective performance in the detection of miRNA-21 within the linear range of 1 fM to 100pM with a detection limit of 0.31 fM. The satisfactory analysis of human blood samples further validated the preferable reliability and practicability of this new strategy for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA.

A CRISPR/Cas12a-based colorimetric AuNPs biosensor for naked-eye detection of pathogenic bacteria in clinical samples.

Pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pose significant threats to public health due to their multidrug resistance and association with severe infections. Rapid and reliable detection methods are crucial for timely treatment and effective infection control, especially in resource-limited settings. In this study, we developed a CRISPR/Cas12a-based colorimetric biosensor that leverages Cas12a's trans-cleavage activity to release left single-stranded DNA (lDNA). The released lDNA facilitates hybridization with clDNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), resulting in a visible color change. The biosensor achieved a detection limit of 100 CFU/reaction for P. aeruginosa within 2 hours, with excellent specificity and robustness, as validated in spiked sputum and blood samples. Clinical testing using 32 blood samples (13 positive, 19 negative) confirmed its high diagnostic accuracy, achieving an AUC of 1 in ROC curve analysis. The platform's simplicity, robustness, and programmability suggest its broad potential for rapid infectious disease diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings.

Graphene-assisted electromagnetically induced transparency-like terahertz bio-sensor for ultrasensitive detection using optics-enhanced sensing

In recent years, biosensors based on terahertz metamaterials have emerged as a prominent area of research. However, studies focusing on enhancing biosensing performance through optical pumping to improve sensitivity are scarce. This paper proposes a graphene-based electromagnetically induced transparency-like (EIT-like) optics-enhanced terahertz metamaterials biosensor. Using this biosensing platform, we successfully detected glycine through amplitude modulation, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 pg/mL. Additionally, we developed an optics-enhanced sensing method where the conductivity of graphene is reduced, resulting in a significant increase in the amplitude of the device's transmission spectrum as optics-enhanced. Experimental results demonstrate that the change in the transmission amplitude at varying concentrations exhibits a quasi-linear relationship as the optical-energy-density is varied from 0 µJ/cm2 to 119.7 µJ/cm2. For a low concentration of glycine (32 pg/mL), the optics-enhanced sensing peak amplitude rate of change (AR) reached a maximum of 857.5% at an optical-energy-density of 119.7 µJ/cm2. Furthermore, the graphene-based terahertz metasurfaces biosensor (Gra + Ms) successfully detected a glycine concentration of 1 pg/mL, which would have been undetectable in the absence of optics. These findings suggest that the sensitivity of the Gra + Ms sensor is significantly enhanced under the optical pumping, allowing for more precise detection of low glycine concentrations. This study offers a promising new direction for the practical application of terahertz metamaterials in biosensing.

Microfluidic biosensors for rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: recent advances and future perspectives

Rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is critical for ensuring food safety and preventing foodborne disease outbreaks. Traditional detection methods, while accurate, are often time-consuming and labor-intensive, making rapid detection technologies a pressing need. Microfluidic biosensors have emerged as a powerful solution, offering high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid analysis with minimal sample volume. In this review, we summarize recent advances in microfluidic biosensor technology, highlighting innovations in detection techniques such as electrochemical and optical microfluidic biosensors. We have also introduced microfluidic components, which are crucial for the implementation of microfluidic biosensors. Based on the current state of this technology development, we finally provide several most important recommendations for future research directions in this emerging research area, which may enable widespread commercialization and adoption in the food industry.