Detection Of Foodborne Pathogens Research Articles

A Universal Bacterial Catcher Au-PMBA-Nanocrab-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassay for Rapid Pathogens Detection.

In traditional lateral flow immunoassays (LFIA) for pathogens detection, capture antibody (CA) is necessary and usually conjugated to Au nanoparticles (NPs) in order to label the target analyte. However, the acquisition process of the Au-CA nanoprobe is relatively complicated and costly, which will limit the application of LFIA. Herein, p-mercaptophenylboronic acid-modified Au NPs (namely Au-PMBA nanocrabs), were synthesized and applied for a new CA-independent LFIA method. The stable Au-PMBA nanocrabs showed outstanding capability to capture both Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria through covalent bonding. The acquired Au-PMBA-bacteria complexes were dropped onto the strip, and then captured by the detection antibody on the test line (T-line). Take Escherichia coli O157:H7 as an example, the gray value of T-line was proportional to the bacteria concentration and the linear range was 103-107 cfu·mL-1. This CA-independent strategy exhibited higher sensitivity than the traditional CA-dependent double antibody sandwich method, because detection limit of the former one was 103 cfu·mL-1 only by visual observation, which was reduced by 3 orders of magnitude. Besides, this platform successfully screened E. coli O157:H7 in four food samples with recoveries ranging from 90.25% to 107.25%. This CA-independent LFIA showed great advantages and satisfactory potential for rapid foodborne pathogens detection in real samples.

Dual recognition and highly sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food by fluorescence enhancement effect based on Fe3O4@ZIF-8-aptamer

A highly sensitive and selective foodborne pathogen detection system is essential to ensure food quality and public health. Therefore, in this study, a dual recognition and highly sensitive detection of Listeria monocytogenes by fluorescence enhancement strategy based on Fe3O4 @ZIF-8 have been developed. Aptamer absorbed on Fe3O4 @ZIF-8 were used for the specific capture of Listeria monocytogenes, and the conjugates of anti-Listeria monocytogenes antibody-biotin and streptavidin-FITC were used as signal amplification and fluorescence recognition probes binding with target bacteria. Simultaneously, the quantitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes was realized by monitoring the increase of FITC fluorescence signal due to hydrophobic environment. The linear range of the detection of pure culture was from 1.4 × 101 to 1.4 × 107 CFU/mL, with the detection limits as low as 0.88 CFU/mL and the coefficient of variation of each concentration no more than 2%. A good specificity of the detection system was also showed in the results, and the detection took about 70 min. Furthermore, the spiked samples of pork and milk were also tested by the detection system, and the recoveries ranged from 88.0% to 103.8%, with the coefficient of variation less than 12.8%. Taking advantages of sensitivity, rapidly and good selectivity, the proposed strategy in this study has great application potential in detection of foodborne pathogens in food.

Metal-organic framework-based sensors for the detection of toxins and foodborne pathogens

Toxins and foodborne pathogens contamination induce adverse effects on human health and cause enormous economic losses. Therefore, reliable analysis methods are essential. Recently, with the achievements of nanoscience, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a novel class of porous crystalline materials, have received increasing interest in preparing sensors for toxins and pathogens analysis because of their intriguing properties, such as large surface area, high porosity, and diverse functionality. In this article, first, typical methods for MOF synthesis are presented. Then a brief introduction of some typical toxin and pathogens is given. Furthermore, recent progress in MOF-based sensors for the measurement of toxins and pathogens are summarized. Different electrochemical and optical sensors are outlined according to the roles of MOFs in sensor development and some typical examples are presented. Finally, challenges and future perspectives are discussed. • MOFs and MOF composites emerge as promising materials in sensing. • Recent developments of MOF-based sensors are summarized for toxins and pathogens detection. • Challenges and prospects of MOF-based sensors in toxins and pathogens analysis are proposed.

Inside Back Cover: Cover Image, Volume 21, Issue 2

The cover image is based on the Original Article Phage?based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review by Yane Luo et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12908.

Impact and prospect of the fourth industrial revolution in food safety: Mini-review.

The fourth industrial revolution represented by big data and artificial intelligence (AI), already had a significant impact on the food industry. In this review, the impacts and prospects of the 4th industrial revolution in food safety were discussed. First, the general process and characteristics of AI application from data collection to visualization are covered. Additionally, various data collection and analysis methods are discussed, with emphasis on the collection of high variety, volume, and velocity data and visualization. Available literature presents examples of machine learning applications in food samples that are mostly associated with the classification of agricultural food items through convolutional neural networks. Based on these examples, the prospects of the 4th industrial revolution in food safety are categorized as follows: prediction of food safety risk, detection of foodborne pathogens, and food safety management. This mini-review will help understand the relationship between the 4th industrial revolution and food safety.

Multiplex detection of foodborne pathogens using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, magnetic separation and metal nanoclusters-mediated signal amplification

Drink or food is easy to be contaminated by multiple foodborne pathogens simultaneously. Demand for developing multiplex bioassay platforms is urgent and increasing. Here, we report a quantitative assay for the simultaneous detection of manifold foodborne pathogens by using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), magnetic separation and metal nanoclusters-mediated signal amplification. In the first preconcentration step, the sample was mixed with magnetic nanoprobes and metal nanoclusters probes to form sandwich-type magnetic nanoprobes-targets-nanoclusters probes structures. The target bacteria were isolated and concentrated and then unbound metal nanoclusters probes were collected by magnetic separation. In the second step, free metal nanoclusters probes as element tags were etched in 5% HNO3 for ICP-MS analysis and multiplex bacteria detection. The method was able to detect Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella typhimurium simultaneously and successfully detected three targets as low as 10 CFU/mL in ∼30 min. Applications to the determination of target bacteria in food samples confirmed the feasibility of this multiplex assay.

‘Three-To-One’ multi-functional nanocomposite-based lateral flow immunoassay for label-free and dual-readout detection of pathogenic bacteria

Sandwich lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) based on paired antibodies are the most frequently used platform for food-borne pathogen detection. Although label-free strategies are used in LFIAs to avoid the utilization of paired antibodies, challenges of probe design and detection reliability still remain. Here, we report a new label-free and dual-readout LFIA (LD-LFIA) mediated by a ‘Three-To-One’ multi-functional nanocomposite with a unique combination of magnetic-adhesion-color-nanozyme properties. The strengths of the new designed nanocomposite are: (i) the Fe3O4 magnetic core simplifies the separation processes; (ii) surface adherent polydopamine (PDA) films exhibit a strong adhesion to pathogenic bacteria and provide colorimetric detection signal; and (iii) the deposited platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) can function as nanozymes to generate an extra catalytic signal for constructing a dual-readout mode to improve the detection accuracy. The resulting Fe3O4@PDA@Pt nanocomposite-based LD-LFIA can detect highly pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 with limits of detection of 102 and 10 CFU mL−1 for colorimetric and catalytic quantitative analyses, respectively. Systematic results also reveal that the proposed method exhibited high specificity and applicability for drinking water and chicken samples, serving as a promising tool for real bacterial sample testing. The multi-functional Fe3O4@PDA@Pt nanocomposite-based LD-LFIA can provide new ideas for designing new multi-functional probes for improving detection performance of conventional label-free LFIA and constructing more accurate and sensitive detection systems.

Phage-based technologies for highly sensitive luminescent detection of foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins: A review.

Foodborne pathogens and microbial toxins are the main causes of foodborne illness. However, trace pathogens and toxins in foods are difficult to detect. Thus, techniques for their rapid and sensitive identification and quantification are urgently needed. Phages can specifically recognize and adhere to certain species of microbes or toxins due to molecular complementation between capsid proteins of phages and receptors on the host cell wall or toxins, and thus they have been successfully developed into a detection platform for pathogens and toxins. This review presents an update on phage-based luminescent detection technologies as well as their working principles and characteristics. Based on phage display techniques of temperate phages, reporter gene detection assays have been designed to sensitively detect trace pathogens by luminous intensity. By the host-specific lytic effects of virulent phages, enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescent detection technologies for pathogens have been exploited. Notably, these phage-based luminescent detection technologies can discriminate viable versus dead microbes. Further, highly selective and sensitive immune-based assays have been developed to detect trace toxins qualitatively and quantitatively via antibody analogs displayed by phages, such as phage-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and phage-IPCR (immuno-polymerase chain reaction). This literature research may lead to novel and innocuous phage-based rapid detection technologies to ensure food safety.

Conventional and Emerging Techniques for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens in Horticulture Crops: a Leap to Food Safety

Conventional and Emerging Techniques for Detection of Foodborne Pathogens in Horticulture Crops: a Leap to Food Safety

A portable CRISPR Cas12a based lateral flow platform for sensitive detection of Staphylococcus aureus with double insurance

Foodborne pathogens cause many food safety problems and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) is one of them that seriously threaten human health through the ages. The conventional methods for S. aureus detection basically include culture-based methods and polymerase chain reaction, which are somewhat time-consuming and laborious, and require infrastructure and professional operations. In this article, a portable and visible detection platform for S. aureus was established based on CRISPR/Cas12a, which integrated with nucleic acid isothermal amplification, CRISPR/Cas12a detection, and lateral flow strips for final signal readout. The nuc gene specific in S. aureus and conservative 16S rDNA fragment in Staphylococcus genus were selected as the detection targets. The CRISPR detection platform achieved the sensitivity of 1 × 10 0 CFU/reaction of S. aureus in pure culturing samples and performed well in the specificity assay, while the sensitivity of 2 × 10 1 CFU/mL of S. aureus was obtained in artificially contaminated food samples. Consequently, this platform combined ultra-sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, portability, user-friendliness, and time-saving, which fulfills the actual requirements in the point-of-care testing of S. aureus and was also promising for further applications in the detection of other foodborne pathogens. • CRISPR/Cas12a based lateral flow method for Staphylococcus aureus was established. • Nuc and 16S rDNA were selected as the targets for double insurance. • Results can be sensitively observed by naked eyes within an hour.

Metallic Nanoparticles in the Food Sector: A Mini-Review.

Nanomaterials, and in particular metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), have significantly contributed to the production of healthier, safer, and higher-quality foods and food packaging with special properties, such as greater mechanical strength, improved gas barrier capacity, increased water repellency and ability to inhibit microbial contamination, ensuring higher quality and longer product shelf life. MNPs can also be incorporated into chemical and biological sensors, enabling the design of fast and sensitive monitoring devices to assess food quality, from freshness to detection of allergens, food-borne pathogens or toxins. This review summarizes recent developments in the use of MNPs in the field of food science and technology. Additionally, a brief overview of MNP synthesis and characterization techniques is provided, as well as of the toxicity, biosafety and regulatory issues of MNPs in the agricultural, feed and food sectors.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP): a sensitive molecular tool for detection of Staphylococcus aureus in meat and dairy product.

Staphylococcus aureus-mediated food poisoning is a primary concern worldwide. The presence of the organism in food is an indicative of poor sanitation during production, and it is essential to have efficient methods for detecting this pathogen. A novel molecular diagnostic technique called loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) serves as a rapid and sensitive detection method, which amplifies nucleic acids at isothermal conditions. In this study, a LAMP-based diagnostic assay was developed to detect Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) using two target genes femA and arcC. The optimum reaction temperature was found to be 65°C and at 60°C for femA and arcC genes, respectively. The developed assay specifically amplified DNA from S. aureus, not from other related bacterial species and compared to PCR, and a 100-fold higher sensitivity was observed. Furthermore, the LAMP assay could detect the pathogen from food samples mainly meat and dairy samples when analyzed in both intact and enriched conditions. Thirteen samples were found positive for S. aureus with LAMP showing a greater number of positive samples in comparison to PCR. This study established a highly sensitive and a rapid diagnostic procedure for the detection and surveillance of this major foodborne pathogen.

Determination of microbiological quality and histamine levels in rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

This study aims to determine the microbiological quality and histamine levels of fresh-marketed rainbow trouts (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total psychrophilic aerobic bacteria (TPAB), coliform, fecal coliform, Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus-Micrococcus and mold-yeast numbers were detected as 4.24, 4.00, 1.10, 0.17, 1.50, 3.05, 0.28 and 3.82 log10 cfu/g, respectively. Yersinia enterocolitica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Vibrio spp bacteria were found in 18 (37.5%), 14 (29.1%), 8 (16.6%) and 14 (29.1%) respectively. Twenty-eight out of 51 Listeria isolates (54.9%) were verified through PCR analysis as L. monocytogenes. It was determined that the histamine level in the samples was above the detectable level (>2.5 mg/kg) in 8 of the samples (16.6%)determined using an ELISA method. It was concluded that the detection of foodborne pathogens in fresh-marketed fish samples potentially constitutes a public health hazard.

A Review of Isothermal Amplification Methods and Food-Origin Inhibitors against Detecting Food-Borne Pathogens.

The isothermal amplification method, a molecular-based diagnostic technology, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), is widely used as an alternative to the time-consuming and labor-intensive culture-based detection method. However, food matrices or other compounds can inhibit molecular-based diagnostic technologies, causing reduced detection efficiencies, and false-negative results. These inhibitors originating from food are polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds in berries, seafood, and vegetables. Additionally, magnesium ions needed for amplification reactions can also inhibit molecular-based diagnostics. The successful removal of inhibitors originating from food and molecular amplification reaction is therefore proposed to enhance the efficiency of molecular-based diagnostics and allow accurate detection of food-borne pathogens. Among molecular-based diagnostics, PCR inhibitors have been reported. Nevertheless, reports on the mechanism and removal of isothermal amplification method inhibitors are insufficient. Therefore, this review describes inhibitors originating from food and some compounds inhibiting the detection of food-borne pathogens during isothermal amplification.

Recent advancements in microfluidic chip biosensor detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria: a review.

Foodborne diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria pose a serious threat to human health. Early and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens is an urgent task for preventing disease outbreaks. Microfluidic devices are simple, automatic, and portable miniaturized systems. Compared with traditional techniques, microfluidic devices have attracted much attention because of their high efficiency and convenience in the concentration and detection of foodborne pathogens. This article firstly reviews the bio-recognition elements integrated on microfluidic chips in recent years and the progress of microfluidic chip development for pathogen pretreatment. Furthermore, the research progress of microfluidic technology based on optical and electrochemical sensors for the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is summarized and discussed. Finally, the future prospects for the application and challenges of microfluidic chips based on biosensors are presented.Graphical abstract

Rapid photothermal detection of foodborne pathogens based on the aggregation of MPBA-AuNPs induced by MPBA using a thermometer as a readout

Rapid and portable detection of foodborne pathogens is of great significance for food safety and public health. The colorimetric methods based on naked-eye have been demonstrated to be a suitable qualitative method for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, analytical instruments like a microplate reader must be needed for the quantitative assay. To overcome its limitation, we herein report a novel photothermal method for foodborne pathogens based on the photothermal effect of aggregated mercaptophenylboronic acid-functionalized AuNPs (MPBA-AuNPs) induced by MPBA to translate the colorimetric detection into a simple temperature measurement using thermometers as the readout. The aggregated AuNPs show higher photothermal conversion efficiency than well-separated AuNPs under 660 nm laser irradiation. In the presence of bacteria, MPBA-AuNPs will attach to the surface of bacteria and keep separated from aggregation induced by excess MPBA, resulting in a lower temperature increase under 660 nm laser irradiation. Using E. coli O157:H7 as a model target, a good linear relationship is observed between temperature increase and bacteria concentration from 1.00 × 105-1.00 × 109 cfu mL−1 (R2 = 0.9877) with a detection limit of 1.97 × 104 cfu mL−1, which is three orders of magnitude lower than of the MPBA-AuNPs-based colorimetric assays. The proposed photothermal method provided a universal platform for rapid and portable detection of broad-spectrum bacteria strains in real samples.

Simultaneous Detection of Four Main Foodborne Pathogens in Ready-to-Eat Food by Using a Simple and Rapid Multiplex PCR (mPCR) Assay.

The increasing consumption of organic or ready-to-eat food may cause serious foodborne disease outbreaks. Developing microbiological culture for detection of food-borne pathogens is time-consuming, expensive, and laborious. Thus, alternative methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are usually employed for outbreaks investigation. In this work, we aimed to develop a rapid and simple protocol for the simultaneous detection of Escherichia coli (E coli), Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Salmonella enterica (S. enterica), by the combination of an enrichment step in a single culture broth and a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay. The effectiveness of several enrichment media was assessed by culture and PCR. Buffered peptone water (BPW) was selected as the optimum one. Then, mPCR conditions were optimized and applied both to pure co-cultures and artificially inoculated food samples (organic lettuce and minced meat). In the culture medium inoculated at 100 CFU/mL, mPCR was able to detect the four microorganisms. When performed on artificially food samples, the mPCR assy was able to detect E. coli, S. enterica, and L. monocytogenes. In conclusion, BPW broth can effectively support the simultaneous growth of E. coli, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and S. enterica and could be, thus, used prior to a mPCR detection assay in ready-to-eat food, thereby considerably reducing the time, efforts and costs of analyzes.

Inclined magnetic dipole and nanoscale energy exchange with infinite shear rate viscosity of 3D radiative cross nanofluid

AbstractWorking nanoliquids are used in bionomical concerns and to enhance the energy in the refrigeration system. The unique thermophysical characteristics of nanoliquids made nanoscience interesting and beneficial for fields of engineering, medical, and industry with real applications, like, food science, employing nanoparticles to deliver drugs, food microbiology, detection of foodborne pathogens, detection of foodborne pathogens, electronic device cooling, controlling fusion, magnetic cell separation, cancer therapeutics, nanocryosurgery, and so forth. The aim of this study is to deliver a broad analysis on nanoscale energy exchange and inclined magnetic dipole impact with the mathematical model of cross nanofluid. Scrutiny of movement of fluid is made by placing the magnetic dipole and buoyancy force. Transport of energy is investigated by thermal radiation, nonuniform heat sink–source while checking of mass transfer facts of activation energy and the chemical process is taken into consideration. Moreover, the nanostructured concepts of thermophoresis and Brownian movement along with zero‐mass flux constraint are also utilized for the comprehensiveness of this study. Mathematical relations of cross nanofluid are processed with similarity transformation, shooting methodology, and bvp4c Matlab procedure is rehearsed to get the numerical results of this attempt.

Juice nanotechnology: A mini review

In the past two decades, nano-science is widely used in different applications and the increased interest in the utilization of nanoparticles in food processing is clear. Such applications include processing, packaging, development of functional food, safety, foodborne pathogens detection, and shelf-life extension. In this article, the essential facts and the latest uses of nano-science in fruit and vegetable juices were described. The green synthesis of nanoparticles with antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal characteristics is of great interest in food preservation. These nanoparticles such as metals, oxidized metals and its bioactivity in juice were reviewed. The current procedures to prepare nanojuice including nanofiltration and the most recent nanomilling were presented. Beside the preparation, special emphasis has also been given to the chemical as well as the biological (microbial and enzymatic) quality of the produced nanojuice. The role of nanotechnology in the development of the smart and the active food packaging systems for the improvement of food shelf- life and quality was also discussed. Since the physical and chemical characteristics of nanoparticles are completely different from those of macro-size. Therefore, special and urgent attention by responsible authorities should be given and effective policies should be applied for food products to ensure product quality, customer health and safety as well as the environmental protection.

On-Site Detection of Multiple Foodborne Pathogens Using a Paper-Based Isothermal Amplification Chip and a Smartphone-Based Portable Device

On-Site Detection of Multiple Foodborne Pathogens Using a Paper-Based Isothermal Amplification Chip and a Smartphone-Based Portable Device