Detailed Story Research Articles

Орфическая поэма о камнях ("Литика")

The paper represents a literary translation of the late ancient poem “Lithica” (“On stones”). Scholars date the poem by the period from 2nd to 4th centuries. Along with the “Orphic Argonautica” the “Litica” is a part of the Orphic corpus. From the point of view of the genre it is a lapidary in verse (a literary work about stones, mostly precious and unusual). Lapidaries were very popular in the epoch of late antiquity and Middle age. The author of the “Litica” borrows his knowledge from different sources; his work has intersections with the works of Theophrastus, Pliny the Elder, Galenus, Dioscorides and with the prosaic lapidaries of different times. Stories about the stones are located into the double narrative frame: these is a bucolic plot, in which the narrator on the way to the temple meets the “divine man” Theodamas who tells him about some stones. In the middle of the narration Theodamas inserts in his own story the one of the diviner Helenus (this fact should be evidence of the deep antiquity of the information given in the poem). The main content of the poem is information about approximately 30 different minerals, their useful proprieties as therapeutic, so magic; in the commentaries are given the modern hypotheses of their identification. The information about the stones in the poem is given unevenly; from the simple mention up to the detailed story including medical or magic recipes and mythological digressions connected with the origin of each stone. As well as the “Orphic Argonautica” the ”Litica” reflects the decline of ancient rationalism and the domination of the religious interests over the “scientific” ones which is typical for the late ancient mentality.

REVIEW OF THE BOOK: IRINA VINOKUROVA. NINA BERBEROVA: KNOWN AND UNKNOWN. ST. PETERSBURG: ACADEMIC STUDIES PRESS, BIBLIOROSSIKA, 2023. 680 P

The review analyzes a book written by I. Vinokurova about the life and work of N. Berberova, a famous emigrant author. It addresses the sources and the approaches used by the researcher, what points she stresses, and, finally, what discoveries she makes in regards to Berberova’s heritage. Among the latter is a detailed story about the American period of Berberova’s life, her teaching activities and a story of literary success in her old age.

Thematic Abstraction at Work in the World: A Case Study from China with Global Implications

ABSTRACT: Starting with Ron and Suzanne Scollon's ideas about thematic abstraction as a participatory form of storytelling in Athabaskan culture, this paper extends these ideas to a radically different setting, that of modern day China and its internal cultural wars over the economy, freedom, and leadership. We look at how internet catchphrases in China function as a form of thematic abstraction, one that is giving rise to major consequences in China and across the world. Both thematic abstraction and catchphrases state a concise theme that audiences must fill out into a detailed story based on their own experiences in life. In Athabaskan culture thematic abstraction gives rise to in-group solidarity based on a respect for, and a refusal to impose meaning on, others. In China today, catchphrases are giving rise to a solidarity among the younger generation based on a rejection of governmental and societal impositions on their own stories about their own lives.

“Stronger with Breastmilk Only” Initiative in 5 African Countries: Case Study on the Implementation Process and Contribution to the Enabling Environment for Breastfeeding

BackgroundThe practice of giving water before 6 mo of age is the biggest barrier to exclusive breastfeeding in West and Central Africa. To address this challenge, a regional initiative, “Stronger with Breastmilk Only” (SWBO), was rolled out at country level in several countries of the region. ObjectiveWe examined the implementation process of the SWBO initiative and the contribution of its advocacy component to a more supportive environment for breastfeeding policies and programs. MethodsThis study was based on 2 assessments at the national level carried out in 5 countries (Burkina Faso, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Senegal, and Sierra Leone) using qualitative methods. We combined 2 evaluative approaches (contribution analysis and outcome harvesting) and applied 2 theoretical lenses (Breastfeeding Gear Model and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research) to examine the implementation process and the enabling environment for breastfeeding. Data sources included ∼300 documents related to the initiative and 43 key informant interviews collected between early 2021 and mid-2022. ResultsFirst, we show how a broad initiative composed of a set of combined interventions targeting multiple levels of determinants of breastfeeding was set up and implemented. All countries went through a similar pattern of activities for the implementation process. Second, we illustrate that the initiative was able to foster an enabling environment for breastfeeding. Progress was achieved notably on legislation and policies, coordination, funding, training and program delivery, and research and evaluation. Third, through a detailed contribution story of the case of Burkina Faso, we illustrate more precisely how the initiative, specifically its advocacy component, contributed to this progress. ConclusionThis study shed light on how an initiative combining a set of interventions to address determinants of breastfeeding at multiple levels can be implemented regionally and contributes to fostering an enabling environment for breastfeeding at scale.

Creating the South Caroliniana Library

Creating the South Caroliniana Library

Warfare and Logistics along the US-Canadian Border during the War of 1812 by Christopher Dishman

Drawing from a wide array of archival and secondary sources, Dishman’s analysis of the War of 1812 takes a close look at the combat along the United States–Canadian border. His focus is on the military dimension of the war, more specifically the logistical challenges faced by the two combatants. Dishman’s central argument is that the key factor in the fighting was the difficulties that both sides faced in moving men and materials into the Great Lakes border region on a reliable and timely basis. The British had a long, horizontal supply line stretching from the St. Lawrence valley westward through the Great Lakes and western Ontario. The vulnerability of this line was obvious to American strategists, but it was never fully severed due to the chronic manpower and supply problems that Americans faced, caused chiefly by the lack of roads in the region.Dishman’s close look at a specific theater of the war and the logistical problems intrinsic to the region is both the strength and weakness of the book. The well-written and nicely paced narrative makes a clear contribution to an understanding of the war for scholars with a foundation in this field. Whereas historians often emphasize the lack of American preparedness for the war and the poor performance of its aging generals, Dishman instead argues convincingly that despite those points having some validity, those conditions were not determinative in the Americans’ overall failure to successfully invade Upper Canada and sever its supply lines. He gives the Americans credit, however, for holding their own in the ongoing naval struggle for Lake Ontario and Lake Erie, based on an effective ship-building program and good leadership from officers such as Commodore Oliver Perry. He also gives credit to the British military leaders whose actions were heavily constrained by the tenuousness of the long supply lines that, in some sense, led all the way back to England.The book provides a detailed and compelling story of the thrust and parry of two foes making the best of relatively poor military situations. The British and Americans traded victories and defeats, but none were conclusive enough to change the basic equation of the wider war. Fighting in the United States–Canadian borderland theater ultimately resulted less in a stalemate than in a rough equilibrium that had much to do with negotiators in Europe choosing to settle the entire conflict as essentially a draw.The limitation in Dishman’s approach is the absence of much in the way of political or cultural background. He touches briefly on Americans’ aversion to a standing army and to federal taxes as hindrances to the cause, along with the outright refusal of most state militias to cross state borders or the Canadian border. More discussion about these issues, as well as about the Republican–Federalist divide and the economic differences between U.S. states and regions would have helped to establish the context for the fighting at the border. In the same vein, Dishman underserves the Native Americans involved. He mentions them but does not adequately cover their specific connection to the war and the significance of their betrayal by their British allies. In contrast, Dishman’s recurring references to the demands that the Napoleonic wars placed on the British military demonstrate the effectiveness of widening the scope of a significant, though relatively narrow, frame of analysis.The War of 1812 is famously misunderstood and much-maligned, certainly in the U.S. and even more in the European historical literature. This monograph argues persuasively for the importance of long and tenuous supply lines, certainly not a glamorous topic but a useful one for scholars of this period, demonstrating that this war was anything but short, insignificant, or dull.

Life and times of data access: Regarding Native Lands

It is challenging to understand the full and detailed story of Native People’s lands in the United States. In this article, we contend that reliable and accessible data regarding Native People’s lands complicate and perpetuate those challenges. Stemming from the implications of colonial ideologies, such as the General Allotment Act of 1887, Native Peoples’ land-based data are difficult to access for Tribal Nations and researchers. Land data have been and continue to be obscured by U.S. federal processes and are dependent on unreliable systems of outdated and exclusive practices that consistently marginalize Native Peoples. Therefore, those data do not adequately inform Tribal land planning initiatives. In this article we recommend new processes that strengthen Tribal data sovereignty as the fundamental underpinnings to an inclusive and protected data in the future.

Woman and Yemen in Three Novels by Nadia al-Kawkabani (Yemen)

Among scholars of literature, there is a discussion about whether modern Arab women write fiction differently from their male counterparts. Some argue that women writers have special concerns which result from their specific experiences in Muslim society and determine not only the thematic spectrum of their works, but also a specific, sometimes vague manner of their literary expression. This discussion is based mostly on the works of prominent women writers from Egypt, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, North Africa, sometimes Saudi Arabia and the Arab Gulf States. Yemen has not received much attention in this discussion, as well as in literary studies in general. This article examines to what extent the suggested female, or “feminist”, manner of writing is manifested in the works of Yemeni novelist and short story writer Nadia al-Kawkabani, who is one of the most prolific women writers in her country. In her three novels, Not More Than Love (2006), Submissive Wives (2009), and My Sanaa (2013), “feminist” topics are touched upon repeatedly, but practically none of them is represented by a detailed story with a sufficient degree of sentiment and psychologism. On the contrary, a great deal of attention in these novels is given to the culture and modern history of Yemen, and the narrative, like in many male writers’ works, is dominated by sociopolitical issues. One may argue that Yemen in Nadia al-Kawkabani’s novels prevails over the “feminist” issue.

‘Rents in the Veil of Time’: Annie Besant’s Auto-biographies of Giordano Bruno

Annie Besant published several autobiographical texts from 1878, starting with the preface to My Path to Atheism, when she was vice-president of the National Secular Society. Her first autobiography, Autobiographical Sketches, appeared in book form in 1885, the year she joined the Fabian Society, a decision she justified in 1886 with Why I Am a Socialist. When Besant converted to Theosophy in 1889, she wrote Why I Became a Theosophist, and her revised autobiography, Annie Besant: An Autobiography, was published in 1893, preceded by 1875 to 1891: A Fragment of Autobiography. Meanwhile, Besant penned her first biography of the Renaissance philosopher Giordano Bruno in 1876, a short sketch published in The National Reformer, the NSS weekly. She wrote a more detailed Story of Giordano Bruno, in 1884-5, at the time she joined the Socialist revival. Her fascination with Bruno took a new dimension from 1889, when she embraced the Theosophists’ belief in reincarnation: she had come to the conclusion that she had been Bruno in a past life when she lectured on Giordano Bruno: the Man and the Teacher in 1898, and delivered Le Message de Giordano Bruno au Monde moderne, in the Sorbonne in 1911. No study of Besant’s writings on Bruno has ever been published. So, this paper explores the reasons why Annie Besant wrote four biographies of Giordano Bruno between 1876 and 1911. It retraces her personal and spiritual evolution through an analysis of her biographies of Bruno as occult autobiographies, that transgress gender boundaries, and pursue the legitimization strategies developed by Besant in her openly autobiographical texts.

Review: Maadi: The Making and Unmaking of a Cairo Suburb 1878–1962

Review: <i>Maadi: The Making and Unmaking of a Cairo Suburb 1878–1962</i>

Frederick Watts and the Founding of Penn State

Frederick Watts and the Founding of Penn State

Capital Designs: Australia House and Visions of an Imperial London, by Eileen Chanin

Reviewed by: Capital Designs: Australia House and Visions of an Imperial London by Eileen Chanin Shuhita Bhattacharjee (bio) Capital Designs: Australia House and Visions of an Imperial London, by Eileen Chanin; pp. xviii– 474. Melbourne: Australian Scholarly Publishing, 2018, $49.95, $35.00 paper. Eileen Chanin's Capital Designs: Australia House and Visions of an Imperial London uncovers the detailed story of Australia's first diplomatic mission, examining the reasons behind its conception and the process of its construction. The Commonwealth House (later called the Australia House) was inaugurated in 1913—soon after the Federation of the six states of Australia (1901) and before the First World War—and its construction was completed in 1918. Parts 1 through 4 explain how Australia aimed to consolidate its global position through a conspicuous architectural presence in London, which formed the heart of the imperial network. Chanin explains how the building of Australia House was congruent with London's larger architectural restructuring—the construction of new thoroughfares through derelict areas in the form of the Holborn to Strand improvements at Aldwych. [End Page 148] From part 5 onwards, Chanin as an art historian describes in meticulous detail the technical aspects and political debates that underpinned the various artistic choices exercised while erecting this building. Her analysis suggests that the Australia House's architectural construction embodied an attempt at national self-definition. It was a result of the "heightened national sentiment that came with Federation" (35), and reflected how in the "approach … to buildings and urban environments" (46) the Australians "equip [themselves] … with the latest and the best, [while] the English are astonishingly content with the obsolete and the inconvenient … because they instinctively distrust the Entirely New" (qtd. in Chanin 46). It is useful to note how Chanin's overview implies in places that the motivation for, or character of, these architectural shifts—whether British or Australian—was often moral. For instance, Arthur Cawston, a British architect, called for London's restructuring to redress the separation of the rich and poor, and the Australia House was built in accordance with labor principles beneficial for workers. However, the book as a whole foregrounds a different kind of collusion—not moral, but material. Chanin complicates the conventional postcolonial understanding of the imperialist hierarchy that is supposed to exist between the colonizing nation and the colonized as she reveals how the imperial heartland and dominion merged in their desire for, and plans of, global visibility. Chanin notes that "concerned Londoners fretted over whether their city was an appropriate hallmark of Empire" when compared to "Paris, Berlin or Vienna" (xiv). Concurrently, the Australian Commonwealth showed similar international ambition, with its officials "developing what was then the world's newest country" and, "for the first time in the world's history … 'a Nation for a Continent, and a Continent for a Nation'" (25). Chanin notes how administrators across the colonial divide understood that "government rests upon finance" and that finance can be facilitated by architectural interventions (39). The new London roads were aimed at "easing congestion in order to advance commerce" (25), and the Australia House was designed so that the future High Commissioner could control the Australian national debt from there by tapping into London's flourishing "commercial life" (38). Interestingly, Chanin helps us deduce that the imperial center and colonial outpost agreed on the means to achieve the international visibility that they both sought: imposing and strategic architectural presence. As Chanin observes, Britain was "giddy with the pace of change" (xiv) in building technologies, and London was being positioned globally as "a frontier of architecture and urbanism" (xv). Similarly, "Australia needed lofty expression" (xvi), and the Australia House was "an expression of power … built as a centre and symbol for a new nation—in, and for, an imperial capital" (xv). This view of the pivotal and charged role of architecture was typical of the times, as echoed during the Seventh International Congress of Architects held in London in 1906. Though Chanin does not allude to it directly, the politico-cultural centrality of architecture to the process of colonialism and in the context of the Victorian era has received in-depth secondary attention elsewhere, in works by historians...

Review of research on teacher emotion during 1985–2019: a descriptive quantitative analysis of knowledge production trends

This current review of research tells a richly detailed story of the evolving intellectual structure of teacher emotion research during 35 years starting from 1985 until 2019, through identifying 812 articles and using a descriptive quantitative analysis approach. The developmental trend reveals a substantial change in the volume of publications recently, although the overall volume of research is still relatively low. Findings identify that, although quantitative methods were the most commonly used, qualitative and mixed methods of research have undergone a marked increase in the past ten years. However, as the majority of articles have been exploratory-oriented, intervention and experimental studies are largely lacking, resulting in the “so-what” story being missing. A functionalist perspective suggests that knowledge production in teacher emotion research is either at a late first stage or an emerging second stage. This effort lays a foundation on which to interpret the evolution of the teacher emotion literature.

КОЛОНИАЛЬНОЕ ДОМОХОЗЯЙСТВО В ЦИФРАХ, СТОЛБЦАХ И СТРОЧКАХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ ОТЧЕТОВ : СЧЕТНЫЕ КНИГИ ГЕНЕРАЛ-ГУБЕРНАТОРА БЕНГАЛИИ ЛОРДА УЭЛСЛИ

The paper is based on an analysis of an unpublished source - the account books of Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of Bengal (1798-1805). These books by means of figures and expenditure items tell a detailed story about the British household in India, about dozens of servants, material objects, activities and expenses that formed and maintained the everyday routine and regularity of colonial life. A specific non-narrative source allows us to look at the everyday side of colonial life and administration in terms of money and discipline. The chosen angle raises the question of the cost and methods of constructing the image of the colonial power, which at the same time sought to look honest, efficient, transparent, restrained, keep costs within the given limits and had to demonstrate wealth and imperial status.

NARRATIVE RESEARCH; A RESEARCH DESIGN

The word narrative describes or describes something in a detailed and chronological story. The procedure in narrative research requires the researcher to get the full story of or from the individual who is the subject of one's research. After obtaining data about someone who is the subject of complete knowledge, researchers must describe the data in a narrative. The analysis used in narrative research includes the strategies used by researchers in describing the story chronologically and completely, studies in biographies that portray all life forms of the study subject

Before the Flood: The Itaipu Dam and the Visibility of Rural Brazil. By Jacob Blanc (Durham, Duke University Press, 2019) 320 pp. $104.95 cloth $27.95 paper

Blanc has written a comprehensive people’s history of the dictatorship-era construction of Itaipu, Latin America’s largest hydroelectric dam, built into the Paraná, the planet’s seventh-largest river, where it flows between Brazil and Paraguay. Like the river fed by major tributaries, Blanc’s history emerges in a plurilinear narrative flow to reveal the unique destinies of human groups. Although divided by sociocultural identity and (in)experience with political resistance, these groups were collectively transformed by their land’s submergence. As Blanc argues, their differences shaped patterns of oppression and possibilities long before the flood let loose upon their lands and would endure the varied consequences long afterward.The resettled Avá-Guarani, the original inhabitants of the drowned lands, joined the settlers in a struggle seeking compensation. The settlers—divided between lighter-skinned farmers with land titles and darker-skinned, landless farmers—forged a potent, although ephemeral, social movement. Politicized by Itaipu, the Avá-Guarani maintained a persistent struggle for indigenous, territorial rights. Farmers without title, sent primarily to new, practically unlivable areas in remote northern borderlands, created the most important landless movement in Latin America and beyond. The titled farmers among the settlers benefited the most, securing enough financial renumeration to become entitled once again. In effect, Itaipu was never simply an energy development project; it was also a grand national strategy to achieve geopolitical dominance through the movement and violent containment of bodies, both water and human.Blanc mobilizes events to reinterpret the history of Brazil’s dictatorship (1964–1985) as it slowly unwound (the dam first came online in 1984). He analyzes the opening toward democracy, the “abertura,” as a “double reality”—on one hand, electoral and political reforms and, on the other, a “dialectic of land and legitimacy” aimed at meeting long-term needs of rural communities (84, 200–201). In the hinterlands, the elites and the military government undermined collective resistance through violence and political tactics, ultimately satisfying the titled farmers at the expense of the indigenous and landless. Through this lens, scholarly reliance on the dominant narrative that hangs the old dictatorship on a “before and after” frame is revealed as exceedingly partial. More importantly, this book challenges historians’ reliance on periodization more generally.Blanc may reject periodization as an organizing framework, but he appreciates timing and serendipity. He conducted fieldwork in the immediate aftermath of the report issued by Brazil’s National Truth Commission in 2014. He benefited from documents such as the Memórias Reveladas project of the National Archive and was the first scholar to work extensively with internal holdings of the Itaipu Binational Corporation. His research includes thirty diverse archives and databases in Brazil, Paraguay, and the United States, as well as ample sets of personal files and interviews with key participants (16–17). Blanc’s comprehensive analysis of archival findings undoubtedly informed his ability to tell a rich and detailed story while emphasizing broad strokes of history—of Brazil’s interior and of the military’s borderland shenanigans with Paraguay. The only aspect missing are women’s social-movement contributions. Although Blanc determinedly weaves in traces of women’s voices as he discovers them, only an oral-historical, or ethnohistorical, explicitly feminist method could defeat the patriarchal bias in the archive.Blanc invents a unique chapter structure to differentiate—yet thematically interrelate—clear strands of plurilinear history. Abertura emerges from the cities via mass media to create opportunities for new, rural anti-dictatorship movements and to empower them with worldwide visibility. The Itaipu dam was devastating, but it also gave participants a taste for the combined power of collective organizing and mass media. In contrast to land, such skills and sources of confidence cannot be taken away.A pleasure to read, this book illuminates forces of power and protest mobilized against a useful but predatory, and thus unsustainable, form of green-energy infrastructure—the hydroelectric dam. This subject has regional and global relevance today. Blanc’s fascinating and illuminating book is itself a form of protest, a scholarly performance that makes the hinterlands visible and the complications of history readable.

Planning for the future of a pediatric kidney transplant recipient with special needs: A parent's perspective.

I was asked to write this article to share with medical professionals, my view as a parent with a child who has special needs and needs a transplant. It is a detailed story from a parent's point of view on what it is like to have a child with special needs with serious medical complications and how I went about finding and managing my daughter's care. I summarize my own personal experiences based on my years of planning for my daughter.

First person profile: C. Norman Coleman, MD: A leading radiation and medical oncologist, Dr. Coleman has worked to improve cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life on a global level.

First person profile: C. Norman Coleman, MD: A leading radiation and medical oncologist, Dr. Coleman has worked to improve cancer prevention, treatment, and quality of life on a global level.

Three piano pieces of Liudmila Shukailo in the context of genre paradigm

Three piano pieces of Liudmila Shukailo in the context of genre paradigm

Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery.

Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, jabbing, throbbing, burning or sharp pain. Peripheral nerves are fragile in nature and can easily get damaged due to acute compression or trauma which may lead to the sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability. After lesion, the neuronal cell body becomes disconnected from the axon's distal portion to the injury site leading to the axonal degeneration and dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions of targeted muscles. In spite of extensive research on this aspect, complete functional recovery still remains a challenge to be resolved. This review highlights detailed pathophysiological events after an injury to a peripheral nerve and the associated factors that can either hinder or promote the regenerative machinery. In addition, it throws light on the available therapeutic strategies including supporting therapies, surgical and non-surgical interventions to ameliorate the axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, and reinnervation of peripheral targets. Despite the availability of various treatment options, we are still lacking the optimal treatments for a perfect and complete functional regain. The need for the present age is to discover or design such potent compounds that would be able to execute the complete functional retrieval. In this regard, plant-derived compounds are getting more attention and several recent reports validate their remedial effects. A plethora of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals have been suggested with curative effects against a number of diseases in general and neuronal injury in particular. They can be a ray of hope for the suffering individuals.