Destructive Activity Research Articles

Terrorism as a Unity of Destructive Ideology and its influence on Theology

This article delves into the intricate interplay between terrorism, its ideological underpinnings, and their intersection with theology within a national context. Employing the principles of activity, historicism, system-structural, and comparative methods, this research scrutinizes the essence of terrorism as a unified entity shaped by its ideological roots and theological influences. The primary findings highlight terrorism as a complex, systematically organized phenomenon, shedding light on its evolution from antecedent forms of destructive activities. Moreover, the study elucidates the constitution of terrorism, emphasizing its distinct ideological and theological dimensions, unravelling their profound impact on the national landscape. The implications of this study are far-reaching. Firstly, it contributes significantly to the theoretical advancements in understanding terrorism, extremism, and radicalism. Secondly, it offers actionable insights for practical interventions aimed at preempting and dismantling terrorist groups and cells. Lastly, it enriches educational curricula across disciplines like social philosophy, sociology, political science, and psychology. The novelty of this study lies in its holistic approach, viewing terrorism as an integrated system, and uncovering the evolutionary trajectory from earlier forms of destructive behavior. By exploring the amalgamation of ideology and theology within terrorism, this research breaks new ground, offering a comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing this complex socio-political phenomenon.

Index based approach for assessment of abundance of marine debris and status of marine pollution in Kandakuliya, Kalpitiya, Sri Lanka

Marine debris accumulation and contamination have become escalating yet disastrous environmental impacts in marine ecosystems at present Sri Lanka context. Thus, we conducted this study to assess the marine debris abundance and density in randomly selected sites (n = 6) of Kandakuliya beach, Negombo, Sri Lanka. Marine debris density was used to explore the extent of beach pollution from marine debris. 13 types of marine debris were found including sub types of marine debris. Higher abundance of fragment marine debris can be seen rather than whole marine debris in each site. Moreover, a significant difference of mean abundance of hard plastic was observed among 6 sites as spatial variation of hazardous marine debris. According to Clean Coast Index (CCI), site 1 was classified as the “extremely dirty”, while site 2 - site 4 were classified as “dirty”. As per the Hazardous Items Index (HII), site 1 - site 4 were grouped under the category (IV). Further according to Plastic Abundance Index (PAI) categories, site 1 was grouped as “high level of plastic contamination”, while site 2 and site 4 were grouped as “high to moderate level of plastic contamination”. Accumulation of hazardous and non-degradable waste carried away by wind and ocean current from unsustainable fishing practices, mismanagement of solid waste, destructive recreational activities have been recorded as main sources for observed marine debris on the beach. In conclusion, study showed that there exists a substantial need in incorporating marine beach and coastal management framework to preserve these ecosystems. Despites raising awareness and education, and beach cleanup initiatives, we suggest introduction of new waste management methods (especially, gears and boat waste) through innovation, strengthening legislation and regulations, corporate responsibility, and advanced research and development as further management steps must be taken to conserve the beach in Kandakuliya.

Factors Causing Destructive Fishing in the Waters of the West Seram Sea

The use of fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly, which has led to the emergence of destructive fishing activities, is still carried out by fishing communities around the waters of West Seram. The aim of this research is to examine and analyze policies for dealing with the use of non-environmentally friendly fishing gear in the fisheries sector in West Seram Waters. The research method in this research is normative legal research equipped with a socio-legal approach. The approach used in this research is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data collection technique is a literature study and is complemented by field data obtained through observation and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Next, the data was analyzed qualitatively. The research results show that the fishing communities in Hatusua Village, Kamal Village and Waisarisa Village, which are located around the West Seram Waters, often use fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly when catching fish. The factors that cause them to carry out destructive fishing are factors such as a fairly long span of control making supervision difficult, economic needs; very simple fishing gear; providing assistance is not on target; Pokmaswas are less empowered; and lack of supervision between institutions. Meanwhile, countermeasures to overcome destructive fishing can be carried out through penal and non-penal approaches.

Greening the flow: Harnessing foreign remittances for sustainable development and environmental governance: Evidence from 2SLS testing approach

AbstractForeign remittances have significantly impacted recipient countries' economic growth and financial development over the past few decades. However, eco‐friendly climate change mitigation techniques must be implemented immediately due to the environmental implications of foreign remittances. Recipient nations' industrial and agricultural sectors are bolstered by remittances, ultimately contributing to carbon dioxide emissions. This paper examines the effects of remittances on economic growth by incorporating CO2 emissions, financial development, industry, and agriculture‐added value. This study examines panel data spanning 32 years (1990–2021) for eight countries: China, the Philippines, Egypt, India, Mexico, Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. The relationship among selected variables and their impact on CO2 emission is examined using the two‐stage least squares (2SLS) and Granger causality approach. The empirical results show that increased financial development and economic growth decrease environmental quality through toxic CO2 emissions. The remittances and agricultural sector help to mitigate CO2 emission by their negative contribution toward environmentally destructive activities in top remittances‐based countries. Except for agriculture, CO2 emission is bidirectionally related to all variables. Incorporating industrialization (as an instrumental variable) to improve the financial system leads to an upward trend in CO2 emissions reduction. As a result, the study makes important suggestions to economists and policymakers on reducing CO2 emissions in Asian countries.

Tracking coral loss in the Spermonde Archipelago of Indonesia: 32 years of satellite monitoring from 1990 to 2022

ABSTRACT An alarming amount of damage has occurred to coral reefs in Indonesia, with the causes of such damage either from human activities (anthropogenic causes) or natural processes. This study investigated the long-term dynamic changes in coral reef habitats in eight selected islands in the Spermonde archipelago, Indonesia, using remote sensing and historical information. A series of Landsat images recorded in different years (i.e. 1990, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2013, 2016, 2018, 2019, and 2022) were used to map the benthic habitats of each island (i.e. live coral, dead coral, seagrass, sand, rubble, mix bottom). The analysis estimated a total of 303.47 hectares or 76.26% loss of live coral in studied islands since 1990. In contrast, there was a substantial increase in dead coral algae and rubble, estimated at around 108.63 and 101.91 hectares, respectively. Strong and similar negative coefficient determination between live coral cover with both dead coral algae (R2 = 0.96, Y = -2.95) and rubble (R2 = 0.94, Y = -2.85) suggested that human activities (e.g. destructive fishing activities, damage from anchors, coral mining) and natural processes (e.g. sedimentation, coral bleaching, coral diseases, and coral predation) played comparable roles in coral reef degradation in Spermonde Archipelago. Furthermore, this study revealed that destructive fishing occurred on the island regardless it was inhabited or uninhabited and was influenced by the extent of its live coral cover. This study overall highlighted the ongoing degradation and factors contributing to coral loss in the Spermonde archipelago. Further research and monitoring efforts are necessary to understand the mechanisms driving the decline in live coral and the factors contributing to increases in dead coral algae and rubble. This knowledge will aid in developing targeted conservation strategies and management plans to protect the coral reef ecosystem in the Spermonde Archipelago and other affected regions in Indonesia.

Modeling habitat suitability for endemic Grizzled leaf monkey (Presbytis comata) using geospatial machine learning approach

Global biodiversity, which plays a significant role in maintaining the sustainability of Earth's ecosystems, is threatened by increasingly destructive and uncontrolled human activities. Indonesia's Grizzled leaf monkey or Javan Surili (Presbytis comata) is an endemic primate whose population continues to decline. As the high potential for reducing animal habitats on Java has implications for endemic Surili primates, it is necessary to study the characteristics of suitable habitats that can be used as the basis for strategic policies. This study aimed to develop a habitat suitability index (HSI) for Surili with a study of forest areas in Java Island, Indonesia, using a multi-machine learning approach. The novelty of this study is the integration of three machine learning methods, random forest (RF), support vector machines (SVM), and maximum entropy (MaxEnt), and the use of four parameters, climate, topography, ecology, and anthropogenic factors. This is expected to increase the accuracy of assessing the suitability of the developed Surili habitat. Of the 116 Surili encounter points in the region, 7 (6%) were in the suitable HSI class, 38 (33%) in the high HSI class, 49 (42%) in the moderate HSI class, and 22 (19%) in the low and unsuitable HSI classes. Meanwhile, of the 13 release points, 12 (92%) were dominated by areas with high-to-suitable HSI classes. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve value, the integrated multi machine learning algorithms value was 0.8578. This study could help formulate potential strategic policies in the restoration program that has been pursued to conserve Surili species in Indonesia.

Rapid Environmental Monitoring, Capture, and Destruction Activities of SARS-CoV-2 and Bacterial Pathogens During the COVID-19 Health Emergency.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a health emergency for occupational healthcare workers at COVID-19 hospital wards in Italy. The objective of the study was to investigate the bioreactor's effectivity in monitoring and improving air quality via detection, capture, and destruction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and bacterial pathogens, reducing the risk of transmission among healthcare workers. Bioreactors are a demonstrated effective biomonitoring system. We implemented a methodological approach wherein they were placed at various hospitals treating COVID-19 patients in Italy. The detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was achieved through rapid biomonitoring testing of the solutes from the AIRcel bioreactors via SARS-CoV-2 rapid test antigen and consecutive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis with the multiplex platform (XABT) and the real-time PCR rotor-gene. The marked presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus was found in multiple water samples via the detection of ORF1ab + N and/or E gene involved in gene expression and cellular signaling of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The AIRcel bioreactors were able to neutralize the virus and bacterial pathogens effectively as traces of the viruses and bacteria were no longer found in multiple solute samples after an overnight period. Transmission of COVID-19 via bioaerosols, transmitted by infected patients, remains a viable threat for health workers. AIRcel bioreactors allow for rapid biomonitoring testing for early virus detection within the environment, reducing the risk of exponential contagion exposure and maintaining good air quality without endangering health workers. This sameprotocol can also be extended to public spaces as a bio-monitoring hotspot tool for early detection.

The natural of legal restrictions

The relevance of issues related to legal restrictions is evidenced by a number of provisions.
 Recently, the situation in the world has changed dramatically. At the current stage of human development, the importance of two subjects in the total number of persons operating in the international arena has increased in particular - an individual person and humanity as a whole. But now, as throughout history, finding a balance between their interests remains an important task.
 One of the means that serves to regulate relations in society and is aimed at deterring, as well as destructive activity and maintaining a balance of interests, are legal restrictions. Granting a person certain rights and setting their limits, imposing obligations, prohibiting certain actions, law with their help delineates the sphere of personal desires and aspirations by the interests of society.
 The formation of a democratic society and the rule of law is closely related to legal restrictions. The rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen are a priority, but they are not absolute and limitless. To maintain stability in the country, to ensure the conditions for the existence of each individual and the progressive development of society and the state, a system of restrictions on rights and freedoms adequate to the existing conditions is necessary.
 The need to study legal restrictions is also dictated by the fact that the rule of law cannot be imagined without a well-established and clearly functioning mechanism of legal influence. In accordance with the goals and tasks of legal regulation that have changed, the means of influencing the subjects of legal relations must also change. The issue of legal means, their qualitative use in law-making and law-enforcement processes is always relevant and has great scientific and practical significance. Without its proper solution, it is impossible to create an optimal mechanism of legal regulation.
 Today in science there are different approaches to understanding the essence and role of legal restrictions. This is explained by the integrative, generalized nature of the category under consideration. But since it is widely used in legislation at all levels and in legal science, there is a need to clarify the meaning of this concept.
 All the mentioned circumstances indicate the need to develop a unified approach to understanding the essence, role and conditions of the effectiveness of the application of legal restrictions at all levels, and therefore, the need for their full and comprehensive analysis.
 The analysis of the key term is completely neglected in modern literature. Especially according to all available sources of the unified version of the used category in modern legal theory. Although, at the same time, it cannot be claimed that there is a complete lack of attention to the concept of «ban».
 It is justified that the concept of limitation appears as a determining factor of legal discourse. The need to improve scientific ideas for law enforcement practice refers to restrictions as one of the methods of legal regulation, as well as differentiation of the limits of restrictions that regulate relations in other branches of law (housing, customs, agricultural, business, family, labor, etc.).
 It is proved that the terminological inadequacy of the definition of «restriction» confirms the ambiguity of its semantics revealed in philosophical, linguistic, legal, psychological, etc. discourses. This testifies to the huge potential content essence of the functional concept. Therefore, it is not enough to assess the limitations only from criminal law or from philosophical positions in the process of law-making or law­enforcement activities. In order to determine the positive long-term consequences of restrictive measures, a comprehensive approach to assessing the normativity of the proposed restrictions is justified.
 It was concluded that taboos are subject to spatial and temporal transformations and evaluations. Acceptable changes in restrictions are partial (temporary) as a means to improve the moral and psychological atmosphere in society (collective). Positive incentives are also expected from restrictions. The problem of the cross-industry functioning of bans and their uniformity is an important large-scale work that expects its promising development for the field of legal regulation.

Bottom-trawling signals lost in sediment: A combined biogeochemical and modeling approach to early diagenesis in a perturbed coastal area of the southern Baltic Sea

Trawl-fishing is broadly considered to be one of the most destructive anthropogenic activities toward benthic ecosystems. In this study, we examine the effects of bottom-contact fishing by otter trawls on the geochemistry and macrofauna in sandy silt sediment in an area of the Baltic Sea where clear spatial patterns in trawling activity were previously identified by acoustic mapping. We calibrated an early diagenetic model to biogeochemical data from various coring locations. Fitting measured mercury profiles allowed for the determination of the sediment mixing and burial velocity. For all sites, independent of the trawl mark density, good fits were obtained by applying the model with the same organic matter loading and parameter values, while iron fluxes scaled linearly with the burial velocity. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the fitted sulfate reduction rate, solid sulfur contents, ammonium concentration, and both the isotopic composition and concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon provided reliable constraints for the total mineralization rate, which exhibited a narrow range of variability (around ±20 % from the mean) across the sites. Also, the trawling intensity did not significantly correlate with total organic carbon contents in surficial sediment, indicating limited loss of organic matter due to trawling. The fits to the reactive iron, acid volatile sulfur, chromium(II) reducible sulfur contents, and porewater composition demonstrate that sediment burial and mixing primarily determine the redox stratification. The mixing depth did not correlate with trawling intensity and is more likely the result of bioturbation, as the analyzed macrofaunal taxonomy and density showed a high potential for sediment reworking. The extraordinarily long-lived Arctica islandica bivalve dominated the infaunal biomass, despite the expectation that trawling leads to the succession from longer-lived to shorter-lived and bigger to smaller macrofauna. Our results further suggest that a clear geochemical footprint of bottom-trawling may not develop in sediments actively reworked by tenacious macrofauna.

The early use of bisoprolol in patients with severe sepsis and its impact on the patients outcome

Objectives To explore the hypothesis that beta 1 adrenergic receptor blockage might be protective through attenuation of destructive sympathetic activity and catecholaminergic inflammatory effects in severe sepsis patients. Design Prospective, randomized, controlled study. Settings Critical care department in Alexandria main university hospital. Patients and methods The study was conducted on 50 adult patients who were admitted to the Department of Critical Care Medicine in the Alexandria Main University Hospital who fulfilled the criteria for severe sepsis according to The American College Of Chest Physicians, patients were randomly assigned into two groups, group I: Included 25 patients receiving Bisoprolol 2.5 to 10 mg enterally for a target heart rate 80–90 beat/minute within the first 24 h according to the effect on hemodynamic stabilization and group II: Included 25 patients, as a control group, who received routine management of severe sepsis. Both groups were followed up and compared regarding the primary end points (discharge from the intensive care unit after recovery, septic shock or death) and the secondary end points (length of ICU stay, days of mechanical ventilation and need for inotropes). Results The heart rate at the end of the study was significantly lower in survived patients in group I with mean value of 80.06+9.05 beats/minute compared to mean value of 102.22+7.58 beats/minute in the died patients in the same group (P=0.003). The mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) in studied patients, was not significantly different between the two groups on admission (P=0.099) and on the 1st day (P=0.172) the significant differences started to appear on the 2nd day (P=0.003), and over the whole period of observation till the end point of the study as the mean value of 83.31+16.90 in group I compared to mean value of 72.0+16.07 in group II (P=<0.021), regarding the comparison between the survived and died patients in group I, on admission there was no statistically significant difference between them (p 0.213) while by the end point of the study, there was a statistically significant difference being higher in survived patients with mean value of 95.38+3.38 compared to mean value of 61.44+2.70 in died patients (P<0.001). Regarding the occurrence of septic shock, it was less in group I as 40% compared to 72% in group II (P=0.023), group I had longer ICU stay (5.0 to 24.0 days) compared to group II (7.0 to 20.0 days), with a statistically significant difference (P=0.029). The duration of mechanical ventilation days (P=0.001), as longer in group II compared group I (group I= 8.37±3.43 days, group II=12.0±3.21 days). The mortality was lower in group I about 36% compared to 68% in group II with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P= 0.024). Conclusion The administration of bisoprolol to patients with severe sepsis decrease the mortality, length of stay in ICU, days of mechanical ventilation and improves tissue perfusion without significant effect on hemodynamics.

ІНТЕРНЕТ-ЗАЛЕЖНІСТЬ ЯК АДИКЦІЯ СУЧАСНОЇ ЛЮДИНИ

The article is devoted to highlighting a number of issues of destructive Internet activities, in particular, Internet addiction as a psychosocial disorder, which prompts a modern person to escape from a frustrating reality in order to improve his psychological well-being with the help of Internet resources. The article presents an analysis of theoretical and applied researches of foreign and Ukrainian scientists and practitioners, which provides an opportunity to deeply understand this issue as extremely relevant for modern information societies. Definitions of the terms "Internet activity", "addiction", "Internet addiction", "addictive behavior" described in the professional literature were analyzed. The socio-psychological nature of Internet addiction is defined, attention is focused on the causes of the emergence and establishment of addictive behavior, as well as on neurophysiological, sociocultural and psychological mechanisms that "trigger" the destructive processes of addiction. It is shown that depending on the individual characteristics of the psyche and the nature of unsatisfied needs (which are not always realized), a modern person finds their substitutes in various types of surrogate activities, including Internet activities. The conditions under which Internet activity eventually becomes an almost full-fledged substitute for traditional social activity and even dependent on this activity are analyzed. Attention is focused on the symptoms of dependence on Internet activity (Internet addiction), in particular, such as loss of control over the time spent on the Internet, loss of control over the content of consumed content, loss of control over one's life in general. The social and psychological characteristics of active Internet users, which contribute to the excessive involvement of potential Internet addicts in the network, as well as signs of constructive and destructive Internet activity, are analyzed. A number of assumptions have been put forward regarding the possibilities of prevention and correction of Internet addiction and destructive, dependent behavior. The peculiarities and stages of inclusion (attraction) of potential Internet addicts to Internet networks and the dynamics of the growth of Internet addiction indicators among different segments of the population in conditions of stress caused by social and information crisis, in particular in conditions of war, are analyzed. It is shown how the crisis situation affects children, their behavior, their emotional state, their way of life and their involvement in Internet activities. It is demonstrated how the authors and developers of Internet content, Internet games, relevant services and applications, social networks, etc., stimulate interest, positive emotional experiences and activity among members of their target audiences, as well as how they attract new visitors to the network, acting for this various positive reinforcements in the form of "likes", bonuses, intrigues, reminders, bright images, incentives, etc. and thus encourage users to return to the network again and again.

Stakeholder Perceptions on Landscape Governance in Northern Ghana: A Q-Study to Identify Common Concern Entry Points for Integrated Landscape Approaches

In a landscape, perceptions can influence people’s actions and behavior toward natural resource use. Improving landscape governance, therefore, requires understanding the different concerns of stakeholders operating within the landscape. This paper analyzes the perceptions of local stakeholders—local landscape users, practitioners engaged in conservation and sustainable resource use, and private actors—regarding the landscape governance system, using the Q-methodology to identify common concern entry points for the implementation of a landscape approach in the Western Wildlife Corridor (WWC) in northern Ghana. To this end, individual interviews and focus groups were conducted with local communities and organizations operating in three Community Resource Management Areas (CREMAs). They identified destructive livelihood activities, constrained livelihoods, and a weak governance system as the main challenges, and the need to balance livelihoods with conservation, strengthening landscape governance through the CREMA initiative, and awareness raising as the main solutions. Thus, the Q-method allowed identifying common concern entry points regarding landscape challenges, governance issues, and potential solutions. I argue that consensus among stakeholders regarding these challenges and solutions could lay the groundwork for a multi-stakeholder process in the area, which could help foster the implementation of an integrated landscape approach in the WWC landscape. It is crucial to support the livelihoods of local people to reduce pressures on natural resources. It is also important to strengthen the functioning of local CREMA management bodies with technical, logistical, and financial support. Implementing a participatory monitoring and evaluation mechanism is critical in this regard.

Anthropogenic induced land use land cover dynamics of the Black Volta River Corridor in north-western Ghana, 2011-2021

This study employed remote sensing-based satellite imagery analysis to investigate the anthropogenic induced land use land cover (LULC) dynamics of the Black Volta River Corridor (BVR) in north-western Ghana. The mixed methods research approach was adopted. Satellite data were supplemented with questionnaires administered to 170 households and key informant interviews. Findings show that agriculture, charcoal burning, illegal mining, sand winning and logging are the predominant land use (livelihood) activities in the corridor. The confusion matrix of the classified images produced an overall accuracy of 88.8% with kappa coefficient of 0.9. From 2011-2021 closed savannah, bare land/agriculture areas and water resources decreased by 6.5%, 3% and 0.1% respectively. On the other hand, open savannah increased by 9.7% for the same time frame. This suggests that closed savannah areas continue to suffer degradation from the anthropogenic activities taking place in the corridor. The impact of anthropogenic activities cuts across all the sections (300m buffer zone) of the corridor. Anthropogenic activities within the corridor show a spatially clustered distributed pattern. Consequently, the article argues that the destructive human activities taking place within the corridor can easily be monitored and halted by the responsible stakeholders. The article therefore tasks the Government of Ghana to design and enforce laws on a permissible ecological-friendly buffer zone for riparian communities within the corridor and similar areas in the country. The article again recommends that some degraded sections of the BVR corridor should be reclaimed for posterity.

Эко-терроризм новых религиозных движений как практическая реализация философии и политики экологизма в его религиозном аспекте

The article is devoted to the consideration of the ideological and political aspects of the eco-terrorist activities of new religious movements, mainly the Aum Shinrikyo organization. The destructive activism of neo-religions is considered in the light of the ideology of environmentalism - a politically expressed globalist ideology aimed at combating traditional religions. Considering the destructive activities of Aum Shinrikyo and its leader, Seku Asahara, the authors of the article pay attention to the political goals and plans of this organization, while revealing their religious origins.

Destructive human activities in the information society

Destructive human activities in the information society

Just Cessation: How Might the Climate Imperative to Phase Out Fossil Fuel Extraction Reshape the Concept of Just Transition?

Just transition has emerged as a master conceptual framework for limiting environmental and socially destructive industrial activity in the climate change era. While it has been widely embraced, its anchoring in the open-ended concept of sustainable development has meant that it has been used to legitimate ongoing future fossil fuel extraction. This article discusses the implications for just transition that arise from the recognition that the timely cessation of fossil fuel extraction is the sine qua non of the realization of the sustainable development goals. It offers a historical explanation for the minimal engagement to date between just transition advocacy and fossil fuel cessation. It then discusses the implications of acknowledging the necessity of fossil fuel cessation in terms of core labour law principles. Finally, the article outlines the implications of explicitly embedding fossil fuel phase down as an objective of just transition for government actors and social partners. Just Transition, Climate Change, Labour Law, Sustainable Development Goals, Anti- Fossil Fuel Norms, Industrial Relations, Unions, Environment, Supply-Side Environmental Policies, Hugo Sinzheimer

Tinjauan Atraksi Ekowisata Di Kawasan Ecovillage Tangkahan, Kabupaten Langkat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara

Through an approach that focuses on environmental conservation, education, and community involvement, ecotourism opens new avenues to create a balanced relationship between humans and nature. Tangkahan Ecovillage is located in the Gunung Leuser National Park (TNGL) area, Langkat Regency which has started ecotourism activities since 2004. In 19 years of its journey, it is interesting to discuss the description of ecotourism attractions in this region. This research was developed through a qualitative descriptive method. The process of collecting data through interviews, observations and document studies. The results of the research are presented in the form of narratives that describe the situation at the research site, direct quotes from participants, and supported by images or illustrations to clarify the findings.This research results in ecotourism has played an important role in becoming a bulwark of defense from increasingly massive forest destruction activities. Tourist attractions in the form of elephant conservation, river and forest area exploration, camping ground, and natural attractions at the location have proven to be in demand by local and foreign tourists. Local communities who are members of the Community Tour Operator (CTO) manage tourism services well with the principle of profit sharing. Furthermore, the tourist community utilizes this activity as an economic source and as a medium of education for the wider community on the importance of preserving nature so that Tangkahan ecotourism can be enjoyed by everyone in the long term..

Dynamics Reverting learners in Institutions of Higher Education in Kenya: Are Learners prepared for change?

This article attempts to interrogate the dynamics reverting young students in the institutions of higher Education in Kenya. It presents the dynamics reverting the young students and tries to bring forth the solutions to these dynamics. The tender age at which students join institutions of higher learning finds them unprepared for social economic conditions they encounter. Most students struggle to fit in, and with lack of proper guidance on time management they eventually find themselves engaging in destructive activities. The children join schools at their young age and learn from elementary, primary, secondary, and textually levels. The children are academically well prepared and pass well in Kenya National Examinations and qualify to join institutions of Higher Learning. These learners after graduating to join these institutions of higher learning lack proper orientation and induction before joining colleges and universities. The young learners lose their identity as they struggle to fit in without proper guidance and preparedness. The eventualities are tragic as some drop out of learning, commit suicide and others commit homicides. Other activities include peer pressure which leads to drug abuse and substance, students’ apathy, involvement in religious cults, early unwanted pregnancies and marriages. All these, is a clear indication of societal moral decay and disintegration. Therefore, it is for this reason that this article addresses key issues affecting young people in institutions of higher learning and offers some suggestions to the ministry of education, stakeholders and partners in education to collaborate in introducing orientation and induction programmes as an intervention approach to rescue young lives.

Criminal Policy on Destructive Fishing Activities in Serutbar, Indonesia

Fishing communities around the North Seram and North West Seran (Serutbar) Marine Protected Areas often carry out destructive fishing activities. This study aimed to examine and analyze criminal policies for destructive fishing activities in the Serutbar Marine Conservation Area. The research method used is normative legal research supplemented by a socio-legal approach. The approach used in this study is a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The data collection technique is a literature study complemented by field data obtained through observation and in-depth stakeholder interviews. Furthermore, the data were analyzed qualitatively. Based on the research results, Gale-Gale Village and Sawai Village's fishing communities around the Serutbar Waters Conservation Area often carry out destructive fishing activities. The factors that cause them to carry out destructive fishing are economic needs; very simple fishing gear; the provision of assistance needs to be put on target; Pokmaswas being less empowered; and a lack of inter-agency oversight. Meanwhile, countermeasures to overcome destructive fishing can be carried out through penal and non-penal approaches. And a need for inter-agency oversight. Meanwhile, countermeasures to overcome destructive fishing can be carried out through penal and non-penal approaches. And a need for inter-agency oversight. Meanwhile, countermeasures to overcome destructive fishing can be carried out through penal and non-penal approaches.

Coral Reefs Health Level in The Local Use Zone of Lentea Island Wakatobi National Park, Indonesia

Coral reefs are marine resources that are most vulnerable to disturbances from both human and natural activities. Fishing activities that are not environmentally friendly such as bombardment and potassium are still found in coastal areas and threaten the resources in the conservation area. This research will look at the health condition of coral reefs in conservation areas, especially in local utilization zones. In this zone the activity of exploiting marine resources is very high, therefore data is needed to find out and prove whether the use of marine resources is damaging. Locations were selected at four stations on Lentea Island which are included in the local use zone in the conservation area. The assessment uses the PIT (Point Intercept Transect) method. The results of the assessment showed that the coral reefs on Lentea Island were in the bad to good category (24.0% -50.3%). This data shows that there are still destructive marine resource utilization activities in the local utilization zone.