Destination Development Research Articles

Community Based Tourism Desa Pangandaran dan Desa Pananjung Dalam Pengembangan Wisata Alam di Kawasan Pantai Pangandaran Jawa Barat

Community-Based Tourism carried out by coastal communities is a concept that needs attention. The community has been able to design and operate optimally all tourism activities according to regional characteristics through productivity test benchmarks (group management) and empowerment tests (ecoliteracy and eco-design). However, empowerment and management are still not maximized, which is a problem that needs attention. Community-Based Tourism Pangandaran Beach needs to get attention from the local government, tourism object managers, and the surrounding community, for the empowerment and welfare of the Pangandaran Beach community. This research uses qualitative research methods, using data collection techniques through observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation studies so that the results obtained are Community Based Tourism Development of Pangandaran Beach Nature Tourism, West Java. has increased in terms of the number of traders every year but in terms of income, it is not as good as before being relocated because the reason for the relocation is not representative and the stalls are small in size so that the traders cannot sell optimally. The development of a tourist destination must of course have full support from the local government itself, which is supported by the provincial and central government of West Java, as well as support from various stakeholders, namely Destination Managers, Local Communities, Traders, Hotel Managers and including tourists so that they can support each other. . Each supporting factor must also be maintained so that it continues to develop in a better direction and the inhibiting factors can be taken into account so that they can be minimized.

Evaluation and Promotion Model of Tourist Satisfaction in Ice and Snow Tourism Destinations

The successful bid for the Beijing Winter Olympics has brought historic opportunities for the development of ice and snow tourism in China. An index system for the evaluation of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was constructed from the target layer-factor layer-index layer approach in this paper. Taking tourists with ice and snow tourism experience as the research object, and integrating a questionnaire survey and the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) method, a total of 840 valid questionnaires were collected to assess the satisfaction of tourists in snow and ice tourism destinations, and the promotion model of tourist satisfaction in ice and snow tourism destinations was put forward. This process led to three main results. (1) Ice and snow tourists in China are characterized as young and better-educated, with college students aged 19 to 25 as the main consumer group. More than 70% of ice and snow tourists are pretty satisfied with the current development of ice and snow destinations in China, and are willing to participate again. (2) Other than “ice and snow souvenirs”, tourists' perceptions of importance are all higher than the level of perceived satisfaction, and the importance values of the 13 indicators including “Scenic spot security” and “Diversity of ice and snow entertainment and sports” are especially high, showing that tourists have high expectations and demands of the destinations. However, the perceived satisfaction level of tourists for all indexes is generally low, mostly at the general satisfaction level, indicating that ice and snow tourism destinations have only partially met the demands of ice and snow tourists, and there is still much room for improvement. (3) After IPA analysis, five suggestions for improving the satisfaction of tourists in ice and snow tourism destinations were put forward, including diversification of the tourism business model, construction of tourism facilities, a market diversified cultivation model, a humanized mode of tourism service and a refined management model. The results of this study will help to enrich the theory of ice and snow tourist satisfaction and promote the high-quality development of China′s ice and snow tourism in the post-Winter Olympics era.

Review of Tourism Ecological Security from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization Construction

In the era of sustainable development, the ecological impact of the development of the tourism industry has attracted extensive attention from all walks of life. Generally considered, tourism ecological security (TES) is an important link to realize the high-quality development of tourism destinations and promote the construction of ecological civilization. Based on keyword discrimination of TES, tourism ecological risk and tourism ecological health, and from the perspective of ecological civilization construction, this paper uses the databases of Web of Science and CNKI as data sources to systematically comb and analyze TES research from the aspects of development process, research methods and research content, and puts forward the prospects for future research on this basis. This analysis found that research in the TES field presents four main characteristics. (1) The phased characteristic of “germination - exploration - development” is significant, and a relatively standard research framework of “evaluation - influencing factors - early warning - regulation” has been formed. (2) The empirical orientation of the research methods is distinct. (3) The development trend is characterized by small-scale dominance and a large-scale surge. (4) The disciplinary integration and practical combination have been continuously strengthened. Combined with the development trends and hot spots of TES, this paper proposes that the direction and goal of deepening TES research in the future should be carried out from the aspects of strengthening research on thresholds, early warning and regulation, improving the application of big data, constructing the synergistic effect mechanisms between tourism and ecology, and realizing the longitudinal deepening and interconnection of scale research.

ATRAKSI, AMENITAS DAN AKSESIBILITAS DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESTINASI WISATA DI KECAMATAN WATUMALANG KABUPATEN WONOSOBO

Tourism is a commodity that is able to move the wheels of the economy of a region so it needs to be developed properly. This study aims to determine and describe the elements of attractions, amenities and accessibility of tourist areas in Watumalang District, Wonosobo Regency. These factors are factors that determine success in the development of tourist destinations. The development of tourism product components such as attractions, amenities and accessibility allows managers to increase the number of visits and tourist satisfaction. This study uses a descriptive qualitative research method which means the researcher only explains the facts and knowledge found during the research through words or tables. Based on the data obtained in the study, the researcher found that (1) tourist attractions were sufficient and this was evidenced by the existence of several superior locations in the area; (2) amenities in the form of public facilities and supporting facilities still need to be improved to make it more satisfying for tourists; (3) accessibility has been fulfilled enough even though the facts show that there is still a lack of accessibility for people from outside the Wonosobo Regency area so that the number of tourists from outside the Regency is still below the number of tourists from within the Regency.
 
 Keywords: tourism, development, attractions, amenities, accessibility.

Women entrepreneurs in tourism in a time of a life event crisis

Female entrepreneurship drives tourism development in resource-scarce destinations but little is known about why local women engage in business and what determines their success in a time of a life event crisis. This knowledge is important as it can support policies on regional regeneration and poverty alleviation. This study draws upon the Bourdieu's model of practice with its notions of capital, agents, field, and habitus to examine the experiences of women running tourism enterprises in a destination with the legacy of an anthropogenic environmental disaster, the Aral Sea region. Semi-structured interviews with women entrepreneurs in Uzbekistan (n = 18) and Kazakhstan (n = 15) showcase prevalence of the necessity-based and extrinsic motivations in a time of crisis. Interviews also demonstrate the importance of social capital women entrepreneurs built with such agents of entrepreneurial practice as family, friends, policymakers, employees, and competitors. The original contribution of the study is in revealing how local cultural traditions reinforce various types of capital, strengthen the field of knowledge, and shape habitus of women entrepreneurs in critical times. Another original contribution is in highlighting how the experience of past life event crises has aided in psychological coping of women tourism entrepreneurs during COVID-19.

The relationship between place attachment and tourist loyalty: A meta-analysis

Though place attachment has been recognized as a key factor to promote the loyalty of tourists and contribute to the sustainable development of destinations, there is still insufficient evidence to prove the positive impact of local attachment on tourist loyalty. This study mainly focuses on quantifying the effects of place attachment on tourist loyalty and examines the underlying factors that may explain the inconsistent phenomena among previous empirical studies. We systematically screen previous related studies, and 56 independent studies are finally included. A comprehensive framework on place attachment and tourist loyalty is summarized and 22 different hypotheses are put forward from these 56 studies. The results obtained by the meta-analysis method reveal that: first, place attachment and its dimensions are positively related to tourist loyalty, which includes tourist behavior loyalty, attitude loyalty and composite loyalty. Second, the moderating effect of gender on the association of place dependence and revisit intention has been confirmed, while the moderating role of tourist cultural background and place attachment measurement scales is insignificant. Third, place identity has the strongest influence on tourist loyalty among other place attachment dimensions. Finally, the theoretical implication for tourism researchers and practical suggestions for destination managers are provided based on meta-analysis.

NILAI KEISLAMAN DAN KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA HALAL PASCA COVID 19 DI KOTA MALANG

Cultural and religious values ​​have great potential in the development of halal tourism. Religious values ​​and local wisdom can play a role both in destination development and in tourist services. The city of Malang as one of the pilots of the halal tourism city project, can take advantage of Islamic values ​​and local wisdom that exists in the community to develop halal tourism. This article seeks to explore Islamic values ​​and local wisdom of the people of Malang City and their implementation in the development of halal tourism. This study proposes prophetic traits (shiddiq, amanah, tabligh, fathonah) as Islamic values ​​to be used in the development of halal tourism in Malang City. Meanwhile, diversity, progressiveness and egalitarianism are values ​​of local wisdom that support the development of Halal tourism in Malang City. The prophetic nature in the development of halal tourism in Malang is implemented, one of which is the commitment to meet the standard of the halal assurance system, Clean, Health, Safety, and Environmental Sustainability (CHSE) certification, attention to environmental sustainability, community empowerment and the development of promotional innovations with information technology and social media. While the "arek" culture in Malang City with the characteristics of diversity, open to change, adaptable, egalitarian and progressive is implemented in the development of thematic villages and the active role of the community in the development of tourist destinations in Malang City.

Tourism and gastronomic offers as a product for the local development of the Chone canton, Ecuador

The objective of the research is to design a gastronomic tourist circuit in the Chone Canton, in the province of Manabi, Ecuador. The methodology used to develop the circuit consists of four phases, which begins with the conduction of a market research, with the identification of the supply, demand and competition, obtaining an updated profile of potential customers. In the second phase of work, a situational analysis with an assessment of the tourist and Manabitian gastronomic attractions, in the canton, is carried out. The third phase of work includes the design and description of the gastronomic circuit, the pricing, control activities and monitoring. In the fourth phase different marketing strategies focused on positioning and distribution of the proposed circuit are proposed. Finally, the design and implementation of gastronomic tourist circuit in the Chone canton is a contribution to the enhancement of the values of the Manabitian typical food and a boost in strengthening tourism in the development of new destinations in Ecuador.

Bigger and Complex Is Not Always Better. The Creation of Composite Sustainable Tourism Indicator to Compare Destination Development

Destination managers need indicators for monitoring, comparing and decision-making purposes about sustainable tourism development. There have been several initiatives to set the sustainable tourism indicators, however, the indicators are either too complex, data collection is difficult, or the analysis requires expert statistical knowledge. Therefore, this article aims to propose a user-friendly method that allows destination managers and decision makers to process tourism data and integrate them into one composite indicator. To help destination managers in their work, this paper reviews the most used methods to create composite indicators, and with the help of the Delphi method among experienced tourism leaders, it proposes a tool that allows destination managers to compare sustainable tourism development of destinations. The results present the application of a simple composite sustainable tourism indicator on the example of eight destinations in Slovakia. The paper provides useful guidance in data collection, analysis and decision-making concerning sustainable tourism development.

Pengembangan Wisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif Lampung dalam Perspektif Collaborative Governance

Good development in the tourism sector is not only seen from the level of acceleration of economic growth in an area such as an increase in the level of economic contribution to PAD (Regional Original Income). Tourism development and the creative economy, if managed optimally and responsibly, will ensure progress in other growth-enhancing sectors such as increasing awareness about the importance of natural and cultural preservation in society, and opening up employment opportunities so that in this case it will affect the community welfare index. The writing method in this research is a qualitative method using a descriptive approach. This descriptive approach describes an empirical phenomenon and fact, by presenting data on Collaborative Governance in the development of the tourism sector in the province of Lampung. The results of the succession to the process of sustainable development on aspects of tourism and the creative economy. Where the sector will contribute to improving the welfare of society. In the concept of Collaborative Governance, the development of tourist destinations and the creative economy, becomes part of a sustainable development plan, because with continuous collaboration and synergy between stakeholders (businessmen, government, academics, the community and the media

Categories of ports and their role in the development of cruise destinations.

Categories of ports and their role in the development of cruise destinations.

Rural Tourism Development in Hoi an, Vietnam; Perceptions of the Community

Undoubtedly, tourism is growing strongly worldwide, especially in developing countries and rural areas. Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on tourist destinations that link sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental components. The local community's attitude is crucial for future tourism planning, management, and development of a tourism destination. As such, the paper analyzes the attitudes and perceptions of the residents towards tourism development in the rural areas in Hoi A city, Quang Nam province. Questionnaires related to the local demographics, people's assessment of tourism impacts, and their support for future tourism development were sent to 179 households participating in tourism sectors in four rural areas of Hoi A city. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicate that tourism brings many benefits in all aspects. Culture – society, environment, and education promote residents' support for tourism development.

Travelling to an unusual destination: Chinese tourists’ preferences for visiting North Korea

ABSTRACT Although travelling to unusual destinations has aroused great interest among tourists, little is known about which aspects of these destinations compel tourists to visit. This study focused on the authenticity of revealed preference data and the favourable statistical characteristics of stated preference data through two studies, taking North Korea as an example of an unusual destination. Specifically, this study examined Chinese tourists’ preferences for travelling to this country by considering tourists who had and had not visited North Korea. Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis was performed to confirm results’ validity and identify the effects of configurations of North Korean attractions on tourists’ preferences. Findings revealed that cultural sites, entertainment, and modern sightseeing positively influenced tour choices, followed by local meals and shopping sites. Price was not identified as an essential factor influencing tourists’ visit intentions. In addition, six attribute configurations were found to lead to a North Korea tour choice. Implications for the development of unusual or obscure tourist destinations were also discussed.

Pro-environmental behaviour of the residents in sensitive tourism destinations

This study focuses on the antecedents of sustainable development in tourism destinations and explores residents’ environmental knowledge and perceived justice and how these influence pro-environmental behaviour. The study discusses: (a) environmental knowledge and environmental sensitivity; (b) perceived justice and residents’ satisfaction; (c) place attachment; and (d) pro-environmental behaviour. By presenting seven hypotheses for analysis, the study develops a measurement framework that involves resident perception of justice in Kaifeng, one of the first sets of the 24 ‘Historical and Cultural Cities in China’. A pilot survey (103 respondents) and a final survey (558) were conducted to identify the role of the antecedents of residents’ pro-environmental behaviour in a tourism destination. The results reveal the positive influence of environmental knowledge, environmental sensitivity, and perceived justice on pro-environmental behaviour. This finding expands our cognition of the inter-relationships of the dimensions that belonged to the construct. The study illustrates that perceived justice significantly influences overall community satisfaction and indirectly impacts pro-environmental behaviour in tourism destinations. This pioneering study thus expands the early framework of pro-environmental behaviour and provides practical information to amplify the concept of justice in tourism studies.

Ecolabels as a Tool of Sustainable Development in Tourist Destinations

The research aimed to explore whether ecolabels could be used as innovation tools to achieve sustainable tourism development (STD) at the level of a tourist destination. The paper used results obtained by a questionnaire survey among destination management organizations (DMOs) in cities and municipalities to investigate how much ecolabels are used at the level of tourist destinations in a case study of the Republic of Croatia (in 2017 and 2021). DMOs were chosen as the subject of research due to their crucial role in the development of tourist destinations. The findings from the linear research indicate that DMOs in Croatia still do not recognize the importance and role of implementation of tourist ecolabels as an innovation tool in achieving sustainable tourism development at the destination level. The paper provides new theoretical insights into the application of ecolabels at the level of cities and municipalities as tourist destinations. Thus, it could induce future research by scholars in this field because an analysis of academic literature indicates that there is a lack of such research. Moreover, the results given by this research could provide a basis for DMOs to start to think in a different way about the application of ecolabels at the level of a tourist destination.

Theoretical Foundations of Marketing Research in Tourist Destinations

The current development of most tourist destinations is still determined by the continuing impact of the global pandemic of COVID-19, which in 2020 managed to have an unprecedented negative impact on the global tourism industry, returning it to levels known in the 1990s. According to the World Tourism Organization, the loss of international tourist arrivals is 74% in 2020 compared to the previous 2019. The same year saw a loss of revenue from international tourism of $1.3 trillion. In these extremely difficult conditions of existence, most of the tourist organizations turn their attention to destination marketing, as the only tool that allows for successful market positioning and preservation of the existing market share. Because of that this paper will present the theoretical foundations of marketing research in order to raise awareness of their ability to provide complete and plain information, leading to motivated decisions for the strategic development of individual tourist destinations. Keywords: tourist destinations, marketing research, theoretical foundations

Alternatives to Development in Surfing Tourism: A Diverse Economies Approach

ABSTRACT Responding to the socio-ecological impacts associated with conventional surfing tourism, the field of sustainable surf tourism (SST) promotes the sustainable development of Global South surfing destinations. However, while advancing community-based research and governance approaches, SST scholarship has yet to engage with a decolonial critique of the sustainable development paradigm, or employ decolonizing methods in empirical studies, representing a research gap this article endeavors to address. This study draws on a postdevelopment conceptual frame useful for reconsidering SST-for-sustainable-development models. Fieldwork in a Costa Rican surf tourism community employed participatory action research (PAR) aligned with decolonizing methodologies to explore alternatives to development in surfing tourism. Research outcomes and discussion examine the postcapitalist framework of diverse economies (Gibson-Graham, 2005) as a decolonial approach to SST research. Conclusions from this study contribute a field example from SST research to extend diverse economic frames and methods in sustainable and regenerative tourism.

Towards the Development of an Innovative Sustainable Sports Tourism Management Framework for Portugal

Sport tourism assumes an increasingly important role in the world tourism panorama, being seen by several nations as a strategic catalyst for the individual and collective emancipation of territories and their communities. The growing synergy between sports and the tourism sector and its potential as a strategic tourism product for the sustainable development of destinations has long been acknowledged; so much so that it has given rise to the positioning of a highly competitive and complex sector, transcending far beyond the organization of sporting events. In Portugal, Sports Tourism has experienced profound growth over the last decade, now estimated to be worth between 10% and 25% of total international travel and tourism revenues (PwC, 2021). While sports tourism presents valuable opportunities for further destination development and growth driving many positive outcomes in local economies, it can also be viewed as an important factor for the promotion and international recognition of these same territories. As a result, Destination Management Organizations (DMO) and other key stakeholder have begun to place an increased focus on the use of sports to promote and improve Portugal's positioning as a sports tourism destination. This research, while in its early stages, recognises a current gap in knowledge in relation to the development of existing frameworks or strategies implemented and applied by DMO’s or policy makers within destinations to effectively develop and manage a sustainable and competitive sport tourism offering. However, in light of the challenges faced by destinations during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is a necessity that destinations look to develop and plan for sports tourism in a sustainable manner. This research therefore sets forth to contribute to new knowledge in relation to the development of an innovative Sustainable Sports Tourism Management Framework for Portugal with the aim to propose a new comprehensive conceptual framework for the effective sustainable development and management of sports tourism in Portugal.

Creative Tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa:

The tourism industry is constantly evolving, mostly due to the development of destinations and ever-changing tourist preferences. As a result, there has been a growing concern with promoting the use of existing resources and increasing profitability, particularly by encouraging diversity and creating local dynamics, moving beyond mass tourism. As tourists show a preference for more personalized and authentic experiences, there is also a growing demand for different experiences, paving the way for creative tourism and co-created activities.
 Focusing on creative tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa, this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of the concept of creative tourism, as well as to identify its potential and impact on this region. Drawing from a literature review crosscutting the concepts of authenticity, creativity, and memorability, and on semi-structured interviews with local stakeholders, authors put forward a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art of local policies and available tourism activities, outlining key-areas for future development.
 Overall, the main results of this research show that creative tourism in Vila Nova de Foz Côa is still at an early stage, and even though there is a common interest in developing this practice, it is necessary to improve the relationship between the different stakeholders, particularly when it comes to their communication and involvement in shared initiatives. On the other hand, given the potential of the region, it was also possible to identify prospective tourism products and activities, which can leverage future initiatives within this scope.

Developing a smart destination. Insights from Slovakia

Incorporating smart tourism into development priorities is the key aspect for tourism destinations and therefore, it should be approached accordingly. In theory, smart tourism development is considered as a factor in achieving sustainable competitiveness of tourism destinations. The application of smart destination shifts the destination development; however, the progress is under-researched so far. The efficient destination management requires tools for measuring smart tourism development. For that reason, the aim of this paper is to apply the methodological framework for measuring smart tourism development in a selected Slovak destination (the Banská Bystrica region). We have applied the methodology based on the Valencian Network of Smart Destination Indicators. The methodology was adapted to the availability of the input data at a regional level in Slovakia and tested in the Banská Bystrica region (NUTS 3). The obtained findings reveal that the Banská Bystrica region is aware of the need to implement smart solutions to improve the quality of life in the region for its residents, as well as visitors. The paper provides recommendation on what data needs to be collected and how these data can be obtained at a regional level in order to assess smart tourism development. The research conducted has further applicability in different destinations and on different levels. However, it is limited by the availability of the input data, which can determine the applicability of the indicators in Slovakia.