Human Desire Research Articles

Nationalism and Madness in Three Translated Stories Of Manto: Toba Tek Singh; The Dog of Tetwal; See, Kabira Cried

The work of partition-affected and brutally honest Saadat Hasan Manto delves into existentialist theory, social justice, and the struggles of oppressed people. He questions accepted wisdom, explores the nuances of gender roles and human desire, and clarifies the issues surrounding mental illness. Studying Manto opens our eyes to a raw image of mankind that challenges social inequities and the intricacies of the human condition. This study explores the rapport between reality and madness that is recurrently found in literature from the olden days to the present. The eccentricities and prototype of mad genius push the writer to see and express the ruthless reality, and this can be seen in the work of tortured genii like Saadat Hassan Manto, Sahir Siddiqui, Sylvia Plath, Virginia Woolf, Wolfgang Mozart, Vincent Van Gogh, Edgar Allan, Kafka, and many others. This paper aims to analyze the content of three of Saadat Hassan Manto’s stories to see the nuances and association between madness and the cannibalistic actuality of nationalism during and after the partition. The qualitative method is used to analyze the content of the stories written by Manto. Descriptive and narratory research designs have been used to analyze the content of the stories. The study of his narrative reveals the desire to make a distinction between ‘ethnic’ and ‘civic’ nationalism. His writing was a creative and cathartic process for him where he was, at the same time, fighting with his inner and outer demons as well as producing timeless art. The way Manto exposes the pretense and canard of society through the ink of madness is remarkable.

Melacak Sinisme Al-Zamakhsyari Terhadap Perempuan (Aplikasi Semiotika-Psikoanalisis Jacques Lacan)

This article will review the bias of al-Zamakhshari, a lifelong single mufasir, when interpreting Qur'anic verses concerning women. To what extent does his singleness trigger a negative view of women. This research departs from the perspective of Lacanian semiotics-psychoanalysis that human desires have a strong influence on their views on things and this can be observed through the language they produce. There are two issues to be answered: first, what is the desire behind al-Zamakhshari's slovenliness; second, how does it relate to the interpretation of verses about women. Based on a literature review of al-Zamakhshari's historical literature and his tafseer al-Kasysyaf, this study finds that al-Zamakhshari's desire for singleness is covered by various factors; ranging from religious priorities, patriarchal environment, to personal trauma. Indications of cynicism in his interpretation then lead to the glorification of the negative side of women, male superiority, and resistance to the concept of living in pairs as absolute human nature. However, the cynicism is not radical because in many interpretations of verses about women, al-Zamakhshari presents a legal-normative review so that it appears proportional.

Literature as Magic

Abstract Magic and literature are mostly understood as mutually exclusive domains. Magic is taken to be part of religious life, an aspect of the human desire to overcome the order of things and strive for the supernatural. Literature, on the other hand, is commonly described as an artistic endeavor and thus associated with secular art and culture. For this reason, it is possible to read about magic in literature, but it is very rare to read literature as magic. This article aims to reverse that trend. It entails a contextual and critical discussion of Carl Einstein’s 1912 novel Bebuquin oder die Dilettanten des Wunders, suggesting that this novel is best understood as magic, that is, as a sincere and radical attempt to reach the supernatural and transform the present. The article also suggests that the avant-garde is precisely the context for a renewed appreciation of literature and religion.

The benefits of the 15-minute city – a logistical approach

The human desire to increase one’s comfort while traveling has become one of the guidelines for designing transport networks in cities. Space in cities is limited, and city authorities, residents, entrepreneurs, and other users compete for it. Contemporary urban development concepts assume the pursuit of sustainable development, which is not easy as it often requires reconstructing the existing urban structure. The aim of the article is to present the benefits of the concept of a 15-minute city in terms of logistics (i.e., transport infrastructure solutions). Among the main benefits – from the city’s perspective – from the implementation of the model the following can be distinguished: fair planning decisions, reduction of traffic, improvement of air quality, increase in car-free space, and stimulation of the local economy. The benefits directly noticeable by the residents are also important: greater availability of goods and services, reduced dependence on cars, better health and well-being, a stronger sense of belonging to the local community, and an increase in the value of real estate. Implementing the 15-minute city model requires careful planning, investment, and time, but given the benefits listed above, it is an investment that will start to pay off almost immediately.

LOVE AS A FATAL EMOTION

This article explores the notion that human behaviors and desires can be attributed to someone called the “Other.” Throughout history, since Aristotle, it has been suggested that humans are imitative beings. Along with further developed versions of Aristotle`s concept of mimesis, the idea emerged that man actually imitates the desire of the “Other”. That is manifested not only in personal life, but also in all aspects of social life. In this article, the focus is specifically on love and how it can be understood through this theory. Contrary to contemporary interpretations of love, the argument is made that it is, in fact, a destructive (murderous) emotion. To support this claim, references to literature, psychoanalysis, literary criticism, and philosophy are made. It is claimed that love is not a feeling of happiness, but of crisis, hysterical fits and pain. Tolstoy`s Anna Karenina serves as an example of love`s tumultuous nature. The fact that people give different shades to this ancient feeling in the modern world parallels the change of the world and human understanding. In the modern world, people attempt to live a life free of pain, sterilized and unwounded which causes a change in the essence of love. The article emphasizes these features and describes the ancient essence of love.

EPISTEMOLOGICAL ROLE OF METHODOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTS IN FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS

The article deals with the cognitive functions of methodological constructs in fundamental physics. The author proceeds from the fact that such universal means of cognition as a scientific picture of the world, a scientific paradigm, a research program, etc. should be considered as methodological constructs. The nature of these constructs is such that in the bosom of the methodology of science they are formed only in the mature state of scientific knowledge, turn of the 19-20th centuries. The generation of diverse scientific theories and other forms of scientific knowledge (principles, axioms, laws, concepts, etc.) led to the need for generalized means of knowledge, starting with scientific pictures of the world. Methodological constructs are difficult to define strictly, but they help to realize the human desire to see unity in diversity, build some generalized view of the diversity of fractal natural objects, and use the accumulated body of knowledge as a methodology for further scientific research. The epistemological role of methodological constructs is extremely significant for revealing not only the dynamics of the historical development of physics, but also its current state. The author concludes about the fundamental value of the diversity of methodological constructs in understanding their role in the philosophy of physics and in the development of the most fundamental theoretical physics.

Michael Novak’s understanding of capitalism

Abstract This paper examines the work of Michael Novak, a prominent American philosopher and theologian with roots in Central Europe. The study focuses on Novak’s understanding of democratic capitalism and its role in promoting economic growth and human flourishing. Novak argues that when properly understood and practiced, capitalism can lead to a more just and prosperous society, as it is based on the human desire for freedom, creativity, and self-expression. However, he emphasizes that the success of capitalism depends on the presence of moral and spiritual values, which he believes are necessary for it to function properly. This paper explores Novak’s arguments and evaluates them in the light of current knowledge. It also examines which values Novak deems important and why. The paper concludes that while Novak’s understanding of capitalism has some limitations, it offers valuable insights into the relationship between economics and morality. Novak’s framework provides a starting point for future discussions on how to ensure that capitalism operates ethically and promotes the common good.

한국 아포칼립스 콘텐츠의 스토리텔링 분석

Korean dramas have recently been expanding into various subjects such as zombies and time slips, etc. and it is easy to watch Korean-style apocalypse content based on zombies and viruses, which have not received much attention in Korea. Such OTT content is receiving a positive response not only in Asia but also in Western society. In this study, the storytelling of <Kingdom> and <Sweet Home> was analyzed focusing on the cultural dimension so as to analyze the success factors of Korean OTT content, which has been popular globally.
 As a result, it was confirmed that Korean apocalypse content focuses on universal problems faced by human groups such as individualism, collectivism, class, and equality. Korean apocalypse content reveals a critical view of individualistic values by depicting the protagonist and antagonist as the opposition between collectivism and individualism and emphasizes the value of good and punishment by punishing those in power who desire wealth and power. In addition, the destruction of the human world is depicted as being caused by desire through the setting that an unknown virus spreads through human desire. In the end, in order to save the world, it is important to have a strong mind and a good heart that would value others more than oneself. In this way, Korean apocalypse content has been well-received by the public by incorporating oriental values into materials that have been neglected in the Korean video content genre, such as zombies and strange creatures, and it can be recognized that it is also receiving favorable reviews as a new apocalypse genre in Western culture.

<오징어 게임> 욕망의 추이

This paper analyzes the tendency of desire in Squid Game.
 The dystopian world of Squid Game is a world of regression that arises from the boredom of the game's designer, Oh Il-nam, and the VIPs. From a psychoanalytic perspective, Squid Game can be seen as the emergence of the real as a metaphorical signifier of sainthome, caused by the depletion of jouissance. They are trying to recover the problem of loss of being as a stimulus by constructing a distorted world, socializing objects, and indulging in enjoyment from them. A series of attempts follow the logical structure of the Discourse of the Master. In particular, the way the game participants come to desire the game world is by destroying their humanity to cultivate ruthless competitive abilities and resocializing them by engaging in predatory gambling. Gambling is like a symptom that is forced on the weak in a polarized world. The tendency of desire itself is a criticism of this game world, which reflects the world, and at the same time a criticism of the polarized reality.
 O Il-nam, who makes people desire this world, is actually a person who is skeptical of the world's powerlessness. In contrast, Gi-hun eventually denies the position and achievement of the world created by O Il-nam. O Il-nam, who was a strong man in a polarized world and a transcendent other in a created world, but was struggling with the desire for stimulation, ended his life by asking Gi-hun, who did not give up his own existence, the value of human existence. This drama tried to avoid the hackneyed social participation stories through a symbolic and allegorical reflection of the polarized world, and attempted an ethical question about the problem of human desire that has reached an existential limit. This deserves to be evaluated as one of the merits of the Squid Game narrative.

Crystallization of the Concept MONEY in R. Bach's Novel The bridge across forever: a lovestory

The article is devoted to the study of the axiological dominants crystallization in fictional discourse, the consideration of the formation of the semantic content of the concept MONEY. The analysis of the contexts in their sequence and interaction in R. Bach's novel The Bridge across forever: a lovestory allows us to understand the formation of the fictional concept MONEY and show the influence of crystallization processes on the formation of the text and the axiological system. As a result, MONEY appears as a means of livelihood, acting as a counterbalance to hunger, giving peace of mind and confidence in the future. At the same time, money is a source of problems, including those on the way to finding a soulmate. Money, on the one hand, is the object of human desires within the framework of earthly existence, a part of glory and reward for work, power, and on the other hand, the cause of the violation of the law and all the disasters on earth, the source of numerous worries and disorders. The author comes to the conclusion that the specificity of the processes of concept crystallization determines the features of the functioning of fictional discourse.

A comparative study of entry guidance for Mars robotic and human landing missions

Human desire to explore Mars has persisted throughout history, and especially, it is required to achieve precise and safe landings on the Martian surface. The atmospheric entry phase plays a crucial role in ensuring mission success, and active research on entry guidance methods continues. This paper presents a comparative study between the two primary types of entry guidance methods: (1) path planning-tracking and (2) predictor–corrector methods by applying them to solve two distinct Mars atmospheric entry guidance problems: (a) robotic entry and (b) human entry missions. Optimization approaches are adopted for the path planning-tracking method. After generating an optimal reference trajectory based on a mission concept-defined cost function, the receding horizon control method is employed to minimize tracking errors. In the predictor–corrector method, two parameterized entry guidance approaches are explored and analyzed. A well-known numerical predictor–corrector method that utilizes a parameterized bank angle profile for entry trajectory generation is tested to demonstrate its robustness against random dispersions. On the other hand, another predictor–corrector type guidance method that assumes a polynomial shape to shape an altitude profile over range-to-go is adopted to show its range control capability. Numerical simulations reveal the pros and cons of each type of entry guidance method, and a suitable guidance method for each Mars entry mission is identified depending on the mission concept and requirements. The analysis results provide future work.

(CYBER)SPACES FOR LEISURE

The article defines the specifics of the development of contemporary society as a space of leisure. In particular, the key cyberspaces of leisure are distinguished. It is noted that the development of society since the second half of the 20th century consists precisely in the release of time and the formation of leisure spaces, when a person is devoted to himself, does not solve problems related to survival or social responsibilities. It is noted that a contemporary person spends his free time mainly (having fun) on the Internet. Therefore, the contemporary social world, created by the latest technologies, is a cyberspace of leisure, in which people increasingly produce something, create, engage in certain activities primarily for entertainment. In our opinion, these closely intersecting spaces are defined by the human desire for communication, play, creativity and consumption. In contrast to the philosophical tradition, which was more focused on the so-called positive forms of leisure (self-development, education, creativity), when entertainment was considered only as one of the types of leisure, in our opinion, contemporary cyber spaces of leisure correspond precisely to the entertaining attitude of a person to himself and the world and in the end constitute this attitude as a kind of worldview perspective, form a human of (cyber)leisure. A human of (cyber)leisure demonstrates his desire for: communication as a possibility of self/mutual-(re)presentation, embodied in the search for various forms of community; playful nature of self/mutual-improvement, which presents differences and personal achievements; creative activity that manifests self/mutual-reinvention of personalities, and a focus on the products of activity that can be freely consumed, stimulating the creation of new.

Zühd Döneminde Teşekkül Eden Korku ve Sevgi Ekollerinin Kurucusu İki Sûfî ve Zühd Anlayışlarının Mukayesesi

Zühd Döneminde Teşekkül Eden Korku ve Sevgi Ekollerinin Kurucusu İki Sûfî ve Zühd Anlayışlarının Mukayesesi

SUDUT PANDANG PENGONTRUKSIAN PRO DAN KONTRA DALAM KONSEP SYIRIK DI POLITIK ISLAM

This article examines Islamic politics from the Al-Qur'an, Surah Al Imran verse 159 concerning deliberation. This paper argues that deliberation and consensus is one of the values ​​and principles of Islamic politics in the Al-Qur'an. These interpretations even suggest that the Prophet Muhammad SAW, as the leader of the Muslim community at that time, often took decisions suggested by his friends, not based on his own opinion. Several religious figures also stated that politics without a state would not be successful and a state without politics would be impossible, because politics and religion are an inseparable unity, politics itself is simply the application of the absolute mind in humans regarding instruments. It is important in achieving a goal that every human desires, and religion itself has a role in decision making and guiding humans in taking and carrying out tasks in a maslahah way. Therefore, this paper shows that one of the principles of Islamic politics from the Koran is achieving consensus in making decisions that involve many parties and by involving them in decision making

Spiritual Leadership and Meaningful Work: The Roles of Intrinsic Motivation and Gender

In recent years, many employees have come to view their work not only as a means to earn a living but also as a source of personal fulfillment and purpose. This shift in perception is driven by various factors, including changes in societal values and the human desire to make a difference in the world. As such, organizations with insufficient knowledge of employees’ need for meaningful work suffer reduced performance and productivity, higher employee turnover, and employees’ physical and mental work-related health conditions. Although prior studies have found that spiritual leadership positively and significantly influences employees’ meaningful work, relatively little is known about the underlying mechanism and the condition under which this relationship occurs. This empirical study aims to investigate how and when spiritual leadership relates to employees’ meaningful work focusing on intrinsic motivation as a mediator and employee gender as a moderator using data from employees of public and private commercial banks in Kenya. The study’s cross-sectional design adopted a self-reported data collection approach. The banks were stratified into three tiers: 1, 2, and 3, and 532 questionnaires were distributed to randomly selected respondents from the tiers, and 448 valid responses were received. A semi-structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 4 was used to analyze the data. The results reveal that spiritual leadership, directly and indirectly, impacts meaningful work partially mediated by intrinsic motivation, while gender moderates this relationship. The study contributes to theory by examining intrinsic motivation and gender as the underlying mechanisms of how and when spiritual leadership translates into employees’ meaningful work. Practically, the findings suggest that incorporating spiritual leadership as a potential leader behavior in the banking sector and paying attention to employees’ gender can improve the perception of meaningful work, which has been found to relate to employees’ well-being and positive job outcomes. Implications of our findings and recommendations for future research are further discussed.

Gender Dynamics, Social Norms, and Erotic Attitudes in Eighteenth-Century England: A Comparative Study of Anti-Pamela and Fanny Hill

This paper examines two influential novels of the 18th century, Eliza Haywood's Anti-Pamela and John Cleland's Fanny Hill: or, the Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, to offer insights into the social norms, gender roles, and erotic attitudes of the time. Through a comparative analysis of the two works, this paper highlights their distinct literary traditions, concerns, and perspectives on the issues of eroticism, virtue, and gender relations. The study finds that while Haywood's Anti-Pamela critiques the excesses of the materialistic and libertine culture of the time, Cleland's Fanny Hill challenges the concept of virtue and decorum by emphasizing the complexities of human erotic desire. The paper argues that the two works offer unique and valuable perspectives on the social and cultural landscape of 18th century England, contributing to the ongoing debates on gender, social inequality, and erotic exploitation. This study provides a better understanding of the literary and cultural history of the 18th century and its relevance to contemporary discussions on the issues of gender and eroticism.

Consciousness and Greed: A Mathematical Model of Human Greed and Its Behavioral Implications

This study presents and validates a novel mathematical model aimed at illuminating the relationship between consciousness and human greed. The model, at its core, views greed as a function of an individual's scope of desires and their appreciation for what they currently possess. The ambition here is to capture the entire gamut of human aspirations, ranging from material to emotional and spiritual, while highlighting the role of consciousness in their modulation. Leveraging a cross-sectional survey design and a diverse demographic sample, two primary variables are quantified: 'Quantity of Desires,' which encapsulates the range and intensity of an individual's aspirations, and 'Appreciation of Possessions,' denoting the value attributed to current assets, achievements, and life circumstances. The resulting data serve to calculate a 'Level of Greed' score for each participant. Validation of the model is undertaken through a two-pronged approach: cross-validation with established psychological scales, including the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Aspiration Index, and an assessment of participant feedback concerning the alignment of their calculated 'Level of Greed' score with their perceived lifestyle and level of satisfaction. The study's findings endorse the mathematical model's effectiveness, showcasing its potential for quantitative analysis of the intricate intersection between consciousness and greed, ultimately enhancing the understanding of how consciousness influences human desires and behavioral outcomes.

Differences between Black and Whites Perspective on the Stono Rebellion

The Stono Rebellion, an early act of rebellion against slavery in America, holds significant historical and cultural importance. This research explores the differing perspectives on the rebellion from Black and white observers, highlighting the diverse interpretations of the event and its implications. The white view portrays the rebellion as an irrational outburst, while the Black perspective emphasizes the rebels political justice and human rights aspirations. By examining contrasting narratives, we gain a nuanced understanding of the complexities of interpreting historical events within systems of inequality and oppression. This analysis sheds light on the resilience and agency of the enslaved Africans, challenging dehumanizing narratives of slavery. The Stono Rebellion serves as a reminder of the universal human desire for freedom and dignity, emphasizing the importance of resistance in the face of oppressive systems. Understanding diverse perspectives on historical events fosters a more comprehensive understanding of the past and its implications for the present and future.

FOREST PROTECTION EFFORTS AGAINST CONVERTING FOREST FUNCTIONS TO PALM OIL PLANTATIONS

The conversion of forest functions to oil palm plantations has often been carried out in Indonesia. Many factors motivate communities, individuals, and companies to do this. One of them is the economic factor. Investment in oil palm plantations is considered a promising investment and generates many profits. However, individuals or companies often need to pay more attention to ecological aspects and the impacts of the forest function's conversion. The consequences resulting from the transformation of forest functions will affect the environment in the short and long term. Forests that have many benefits and uses not only for humans but also for the habitat of animals and plants in them must be protected and preserved. The increasingly widespread conversion of forest functions results from fulfilling human desires and harming other living things, so the government is obliged to make an effort through prevention and mitigation so that the existence of forests and their sustainability are maintained and can continue to bring many benefits to living things.

Exploited in immortality: techno-capitalism and immortality imaginaries in the twenty-first century

ABSTRACT Immortality constitutes a very human desire and its pursuit arguably shapes prominent features of human societies. In the twenty-first century, capitalism develops technologies that promise immortality as indefinite survival. Scholars who study immortality often showcase the links between technology, social structures and immortality projects, but a critical inquiry is needed to examine how (techno-)capitalism creates immortality projects that expand the frontiers of capital in contemporary societies. In this article, I highlight how techno-capitalism configures three prominent immortality imaginaries: transhumanist digital immortality, radical biological life-extension, and cryonics. I identify three tendencies of techno-capitalism − 1) expanding commodification to new realms of life, 2) creating new forms of alienation and 3) subordinating life to the private accumulation of capital – and explain how they shape the immortality imaginaries. I argue that pursuing techno-capitalist immortality would induce significant harms for human beings, promising freedom from death but actually sustaining techno-capitalism’s exploitative relations.