Test Design Research Articles

Pengembangan Metode Improve Musik Mendukung Peningkatan Kemampuan Kreatif dan Kecerdasan Musik

The art of music is part of student sub-subjects at primary and secondary education levels, and is an extra school curriculum activity with the hope of increasing interest that supports multiple intelligences (music) and student creativity. The music practice process has several learning method approaches, one of which is the improve method which is seen as able to support increasing students' intelligence and creativity. So the aim of this research is to test the effect of music improvement training methods on students' creativity and intelligence. Real experimental research was carried out using a pretest-post test design model involving a control group. Data was collected through checklists (assessment sheets) from three music instructors to measure musical creativity and intelligence. The results of the hypothesis testing analysis through the paired sample t test showed that there was a positive and significant influence of the improvement method on musical intelligence, both in the experimental group and the control group; there was a positive and significant influence of the music improvement method on students' creativity in the experimental group, whereas in the control group there was no evidence of an increase in creativity; and there is a significant difference in musical intelligence and increased creativity between the experimental group, namely students who practice music using improved methods, and the control group, namely students who practice using non-improved methods.

Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan Mental Terhadap Perilaku Pencegahan Cyberbullying Pada Remaja Di Kelas X Smk Dewi Laut Bitung

Cyberbullying is carried out intentionally and occurs repeatedly in the form of spreading the victim's disgrace or secrets. The efforts made to prevent cyberbullying behavior can be done by providing education about the importance of maintaining mental health. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was an affect of mental health education on cyberbullying prevention behavior in class X of SMK Dewi Laut Bitung. The research was conducted using the Quash-Experimental method, with one group pre and post test design. The sample taken based on the number of subject as many as 17 using purposive sampling. Data collection using SAP and questionnaire sheets. Furthermore, the data collected processed using SPSS computer programs version 16.0 for analysis of the Paired T-test test with a meaning level (α) of 0.05. The results of research using the Paired T Test found that the value of ρ Value was smaller than the significant value of (0.000<0.05) the results of this study showed that Ha was accepted then H0 was rejected. The conclusion of this study is mental health education on cyberbullying prevention behavior in adolescents in class X of SMK Dewi Laut Bitung was accepted . The advice of the results of this study adolescents can avoid cyberbullying behavior.

Orthogonal experimental design and parameter optimization of an oil multi-gradient filtration device based on an applied electric field

Particulate pollutants in lubricating oils tend to increase the friction and wear of machine components, resulting in machine failure. This study proposes an oil multi-gradient filtration device employing an applied electric field for the effective removal of solid particles. Combined with the orthogonal test design, the effects of various control parameter combinations on the oil–solid separation were studied, aiming to achieve a lower pressure drop and higher filtration device efficiency. The degree of significance of the influence of each factor on the pressure drop of the filtration device and filtration efficiency was determined through a significance analysis. A regression model of the influence of the pressure drop and filtration efficiency under multi-factor conditions was established to define the relationship between the pressure drop, filtration efficiency, and control parameters. A dual-objective optimisation based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was then performed. The optimum parameters for achieving a low-pressure-drop and high-efficiency filtration device were determined. The significance of the influence of the parameters on the pressure drop of the filter device followed the order: inlet flow rate > oil viscosity > electric field strength, indicating that the pressure drop was predominantly controlled by the inlet flow rate. The significance on the influence of the parameters on the filtration efficiency followed the order: electric field strength > oil viscosity > inlet flow rate, indicating that the filtration efficiency is primarily controlled by the electric field strength. Based on the NSGA-II, the optimal parameters are E = 2 kV/mm, flow rate = 0.2 m/s, and viscosity = 12 mPa·s. Using these optimal parameters, the pressure drop was minimized and did not exceed 48,325 Pa, and the filtration efficiency reached 99.96 %.

Pengaruh Edukasi Pertolongan Pertama Tersedak Terhadap Pengetahuan Masyarakat Dikelurahan Tumumpa 1 Kota Manado

Choking is an emergency condition that must be treated quickly, i fit takes too long it will result in a lack of oxygen and result in death duet o blockage of the respiratory tract by foreign objects in the from of food, toys, etc. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of choking first aid education on community knowledge in the Tumumpa 1 subdistrict, Manado City. The research was conducted using a quasi-experimental research method (one-group prepost test design). The sample in this study wa 12 respondents taken using purposive sampling, research instruments using SAP, Leaflets and Questionnaires. Next, the data that has been collected is processed using the SPSS version 24 computer program to be analyzed using the Mc nonparametric test. Nemar with a significance level (α) 0.05. The results of this research show that there is an influence of first aid choking education on the leve of public knowledge by obtaining a value of p = 0.016, which is 0.016 which is smaller than the value of a ≤ 0.05. This, it can be said that Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected andi t can be concluded that Ha has an effect. Choking first aid education on community knowledge in Tumumpa 1 Subdistrict, Manado City The conclusion is this research is that there is an influence of first aid choking education on community knowledge in Tumumpa 1 Village, Manado City. I tis hoped that this suggestion will add insight and useful knowledge regarding fist aid for choking

Pengaruh Pemberian Aromaterapi Lavender Terhadap Kualitas Tidur Lansia di UPT RPS Lanjut Usia Budhi Dharma Yogyakarta

Background: Aging is a natural process, one that will occur in all human systems and is characterized by progressive degeneration of both physical and psychic systems that will impact the quality of sleep. In older age these sleep mechanisms occur longer because of inability to start sleep, to maintain sleep, to get up early or to wake up with discomfort. One way to overcome the problem of sleep disorders is to use complementary therapy with aromatherapy. The effect of personal aromatherapy can be soothing and relaxing. Among the frequent aromatherapy is that lavender scent is commonly used to lower stress levels, headaches, burns, or lesions, muscle relaxant, and improve sleep quality. The purpose of this study is to understand the effects lavender's scent on the quality of sleep in the aged budhi dharma Yogyakarta. Methods: this type of research is an experimental quantitative study using pre exam design (one group pre test and post design test). Research is conducted on the upt RPS of the elderly budhi dharma yogykarta. The study's population is 60-76 years old and lives in homes of 61 people. The number of samples was 17 respondents with a total sampling technique. The instrument of this study uses the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data analysis method Paired t-test specimen. Results: studies show that there is a significant difference in the quality of sleep for a respondents after lavender aromatherapy is given. This is proven by the independent t test, on the acquisition of p-value sleep quality 0,000 or 0.05.Conclusion: it may be concluded that there was a significant impact on the quality of sleep of the respondents after lavender aromatherapy was administered.

Heat transfer enhancement of power-law fluid in a solar-driven pretreatment system for microalgae hydrothermal liquefaction

In this article, the flow and heat transfer performance of microalgae slurry in a solar-driven rectangular absorption tube with embedded vortex generators were studied by data optimization analysis and numerical simulation. The orthogonal test design method was used to establish an orthogonal test table by changing the shape, height, spacing, and fluid flow rate of the vortex generator to determine the optimal combination of various factors. Then the response surface analysis method was used for further optimization analysis. Eventually, the flow and heat transfer performance of microalgae slurry were studied numerically, and the optimal data were verified. The results show that the optimal comprehensive heat transfer performance (PEC) is delivered by the cylindrical vortex generator with height of 9 mm and spacing of 28 mm when the inlet velocity of microalgae slurry is 0.02 m/s. It can be seen that the data analysis method combined with numerical simulation can optimize the experimental process parameters and save the cost of the engineering design process, effectively and practically.

Ultrasonic spot welding of open-cell Cu foam and Al plate: A study on the quality of joints

As a type of novel material, open-cell copper (Cu) foam has been widely applied in electrode production of batteries, due to its functional and structural properties. The use of ultrasonic welding technique to join Cu foam and aluminium (Al) plate has been proven to be feasible, but quality evaluation of the joints remains a blank to be filled in. In this study, orthogonal test design is used to investigate the effects of welding pressure, welding amplitude, welding energy and the interaction among the three parameters on the shear-tensile strength of ultrasonically welded joints of Cu foam/Al plate, and it is influenced by the three parameters in the following order: welding pressure > welding energy > welding amplitude. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, a Cu foam/Al plate ultrasonic welding joint evaluation system is established, based on which, qualitative and quantitative analysis on the quality of the joints classified the joints into three grades. The optimal parameter combination of the welding joint of Cu foam/Al plate is obtained as follows: 0.5 MPa, 65 %, 130 J, under which the porous structure of the joint is complete while its tensile strength is equal to or even better than the base material.

The Effect of Applying the Problem Based Learning Model on Critical Thinking and Problem Solving Skills in Islamic Learning for Students in Pondok pesantren in Jawa Timur

The active participation process of students in Islamic boarding schools can support the learning process of Islamic religious education to be more effective and meaningful. This active learning uses the PBL method which is able to improve critical thinking and student learning outcomes. Therefore, teachers need to facilitate students with appropriate learning methods such as learning using the problem based learning method so that students will be actively involved in the learning process, the method used in this research using a pre test post test design, a sample of 30 Islamic boarding school students in Jember, the results of the research show that the problem based learning method is able to improve critical thinking skills and learning outcomes of Pesantren Islamic boarding school students

Agronomic and phenotypic plant traits as indicators for environmental risks of genetically modified plants

BackgroundFor market approval of genetically modified plants (GMPs), the evaluation of agronomic and phenotypic plant traits is a standard requirement and part of the comparative assessment of the GMP and its conventional counterpart. This comparative assessment is a starting point for environmental risk assessment (ERA) and should inform all areas of risk. We scrutinize frequently used approaches to characterize GMPs in EU market applications and discuss their usefulness for drawing conclusions on risks related to the plant’s ability to survive, persist or become invasive.ResultsOur analysis shows that the agronomic and phenotypic characterization of GMPs, although based on guidelines, is confined to plant traits and test designs that are relevant for the quality control and agronomic performance of genetically modified (GM) crops. We provide evidence of how methodological approaches frequently applied during the agronomic and phenotypic characterization of the GMP could be improved and complemented to better inform on potential phenotypic changes relevant to assessing environmental risks. These approaches refer to (i) the assessment of the survival of GM seeds and plants (e.g., volunteers); (ii) the consideration of environmental exposure and (iii) improved methodological approaches for the assessment of biotic and abiotic stress responses for GMPs.ConclusionsThe comparative assessment of agronomic and phenotypic plant traits currently does not provide suitable data to draw conclusions on environmental risks relating to the persistence and invasiveness of the GMP. Ecologically more realistic assessments should be part of the phenotypic characterization of GMPs and need guidance and decision criteria to be implemented in ERA. This is of considerable importance, as new genomic techniques are expected to increase the diversity and complexity of GM plants and traits, particularly stress tolerance, which may affect the survival of GMPs in the environment.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Menstruasi Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Siswi di SD Negeri 25 Manado

Menstruation is the decay of the uterine wall consisting of blood and body tissues. These events take place every month and are a normal process for ordinary women. Menstruation is periodic bleeding in the uterus that begins about 14 days after ovulation. The purpose of this study was to determine the Effect of Health Education About Menstruation on Anxiety Levels in Students at SD Negeri 25 Manado. This research method uses a Pre-experimental design with the One Group Pre test – Post test design method. Subjekts in this study amounted to 49 female students with a sample of 15 female students. The sampling technique in this study used stratified random sampling and research instruments using questionnaires, this study used the Wilcoxon test. The Wilcoxone test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.001 that the Wilcoxon test results between pre test and post test had a significant value of 0.001 smaller than the value of α= 0.05. The conclusion in this study was the effect of health education about menstruation on anxiety levels in female students with Wilcoxon test results p = 0.001. This p value is smaller than the value of α= 0.05, so health education about menstruation is very influential on female students who experience menstruation.

EFEKTIVITAS TERAPI BERMAIN ORIGAMI DAN MERONCE TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN MOTORIK HALUS ANAK 5-6 TAHUN DI TK PKK NUSANTARA KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO

Fine motor skills are skills or abilities to control small or fine muscles to achieve successful skill performance. Children's fine motor skills need to be reminded and developed to prepare children to be ready to write when they enter the academic world (elementary school). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of giving origami therapy and playing meronce therapy at PKK Nusantara Kindergarten in Temenggungan village, Krejengan, Probolinggo. This type of research was a pre-experimental with two group pre-post test design, which is a form of experimental research carried out in two groups. The Population was all children in the Nusantara PKK Kindergarten in Temenggungan village aged (5-6 years) totaling 50 respondents. The instruments used Standart Operating Procedure (SOP) and Modules. Data processed SPSS using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that the average fine motor value that occurred after being given origami and meronce play therapy was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test with a p value =0.000 with a significant level of ρ value <α = 0.005, prepost origami Z value -4.512 while prepost meronce Z value - 4.556, so that it can be stated that playing meronce therapy is more effective on the fine motor development of children in PKK Nusantara Kindergarten in Temenggungan village. This research is expected so that children can develop fine motor development through origami and meronce play therapy.For further researchers it is recommended toadding a variety of images in origami play therapy and taking a more approach to children when given play therapy.

Interrogating Pharmacogenetics Using Next-Generation Sequencing.

Pharmacogenetics or pharmacogenomics (PGx) is the study of the role of inherited or acquired sequence change in drug response. With the rapid evolution of molecular techniques, bioinformatic tools, and increased throughput of functional genomic studies, the discovery of PGx associations and clinical implementation of PGx test results have now moved beyond a handful variants in single pharmacogenes and multi-gene panels that interrogate a few pharmacogenes to whole-exome and whole-genome scales. Although some laboratories have adopted next-generation sequencing (NGS) as a testing platform for PGx and other molecular tests, most clinical laboratories that offer PGx tests still use targeted genotyping approaches. This article discusses primarily the technical considerations for clinical laboratories to develop NGS-based PGx tests including whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing analyses and highlights the challenges and opportunities in test design, content selection, bioinformatic pipeline for PGx allele and diplotype assignment, rare variant classification, reporting, and briefly touches a few additional areas that are important for successful clinical implementation of PGx results. The accelerated speed of technology development associated with continuous cost reduction and enhanced ability to interrogate complex genome regions makes it inevitable for most, if not all, clinical laboratories to transition PGx testing to an NGS-based platform in the near future. It is important for laboratories and relevant professional societies to recognize both the potential and limitations of NGS-based PGx profiling, and to work together to develop a standard and consistent practice to maximize the variant or allele detection rate and utility of PGx testing.

Application of power battery under thermal conductive silica gel plate in new energy vehicles

This study aims to improve the performance of automotive battery thermal management systems (BTMS) to achieve more efficient heat dissipation and thus reduce hazards during driving. Firstly, the research parameters and properties of composite thermally conductive silicone materials are introduced. Secondly, the heating principle of the power battery, the structure and working principle of the new energy vehicle battery, and the related thermal management scheme are discussed. Finally, the research results are presented from the experimental test and controller design. In addition, to achieve the research goal, the composite thermally conductive silica gel plate (CSGP) material is studied in detail and parametrically analyzed, and the heating mechanism of the power battery is discussed in depth. The temperature characteristics after adding CSGP are experimentally tested, and the controller of the BTMS of the new energy vehicle is designed, including hardware circuits and software modules. The findings show that the temperature characteristics of the battery module have obvious limitations without CSGP. When the battery module operates at a 4C magnification, the temperature exceeds the safety threshold by 38.4%, with particular potential safety risks. Then, the maximum temperature of the battery module with CSGP can be controlled within 50 °C, and the temperature characteristics are prominently improved. Lastly, the controller of the BTMS is tested, and the results reveal that it has remarkable voltage recovery ability. According to the research results, the performance of automotive BTMS can be significantly improved, and better heat dissipation can be effectively achieved by adding CSGP. This helps reduce the hazards of driving. Moreover, the designed controller performs well in voltage recovery, providing solid theoretical support for further developing the CSGP battery management system.

The Sealing Performance of Cement Sheaths under Thermal Cycles for Low-Enthalpy Geothermal Wells

The repetitive process of shut-in and production in geothermal wells promotes thermal stress on the wellbore components, including annular cement. A cement sheath at a relatively shallow depth undergoes the most significant stress change due to the high differential temperature between the geothermal gradient and the production fluid’s temperature. Understanding the impact of cyclical thermal stresses on cement is critical for assessing the barrier integrity at a shallow depth that serves as aquifer protection. A novel large-scale setup simulating a 1.5 m-long casing-cement-casing well section was built to study the changes in cement’s sealing performance of low-enthalpy geothermal wells during production. Using this setup, a cement sheath can be cured similarly to the in situ conditions, and the annular temperature can be cycled under realistic operating conditions. The change in flow rate through the cement sheath before and after cycling is quantified through leak tests. UV dye is injected at the end of the experiment to identify the location and type of damage in the cement sheath. A hydromechanically coupled finite element model was used to estimate the stress evolution in cement during the tests. The model incorporated the impact of cement hydration and strength development during curing. The numerical results were used as a guide to ensure the test design closely mimicked in situ conditions. The results show the presence of a small microannulus immediately after curing due to hydration shrinkage. Thermal cycles reduced the permeability of the microannulus. The size of the micro-annulus was observed to be sensitive to the backpressure applied to the cement sheath, indicating the need for pressure to maintain an open microannulus. Thirty-nine thermal cycles between 80 and 20 °C did not change the permeability of the cement sheath significantly. Tensile cracks in the cement sheath were not continuous and may not be a significant pathway. The new setup allows for measuring cement’s effectiveness in withstanding in situ stress conditions when exposed to thermal cycles such as geothermal and CCS wells.

Combining Ability Studies for Yield and Yield Attributes in Bajra

In this study combining ability and gene action were studied in eight quantitative attributes in pearl millet using seven male sterile lines and three restorers which were crossed in Line x Tester design. Analysis of variance for combining ability revealed significant differences among mean squares for lines, testers and lines x testers for all the characters except for spike girth, lines for spike length and lines x testers for days to maturity. These results are indicative of importance of both additive and non-additive genetic variances in the expression of these traits. The ratio of GCA variance and SCA variance indicated the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the eight characters studied, i.e. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, spike length, spike girth, dry fodder yield and grain yield. Among the lines, ICMA12222 and ICMA 94444 and the tester ICMR 07555 displayed high GCA effect for grain yield per plant. Significant and positive SCA effect for grain yield per plant was displayed by the cross ICMA 12222 x ICMR 07666 followed by ICMA 98444 x ICMR 07555, ICMA 98111 x ICMR 07555 and ICMA 88006 x ICMR 08111. These crosses have been identified as best combiners to give higher grain yield hybrids and could be further evaluated to confirm their stable superior performance.

Hearing the Difference: Theoretical and Practical Insights into Audio Script Usage in Language Testing for College Students

This article discusses audio scripts' complex role in language evaluation, providing theoretical and practical frameworks. It begins by tracing the evolution of hearing tests from simple listening exercises to complicated exams with multi-layered audio scripts. The study examines cognitive processing theories and audio script-based communicative language education methods for listening comprehension. Much of the research examines how audio scripts are used in language tests. This involves script creation, focusing on how authenticity and comprehensibility affect test performance and evaluation reliability. Teachers and test designers need help to provide compelling, real-world language-use audio resources. This paper addresses these issues. The study also investigates technological and pedagogical developments that affect audio script creation and consumption. Artificial intelligence and reputable media are used in these advances. Several empirical experiments were conducted to determine how varied audio scripts affect listening comprehension scores in distinct learners. The conclusion emphasizes how audio scripts improve listening exam instruction and reliability. This article recommends a systematic audio script development approach incorporating academic knowledge and language testing experience. Future research and development should improve listening assessment approaches, language acquisition, and evaluation.

Investigating the Washback of the Chinese Language Proficiency Test (HSK): From the Perspective of CSL Students

To explore the washback of the HSK on students learning Chinese as a Second Language (CSL), the study surveyed 1,616 SCL students from 25 different mother tongue backgrounds and interviewed international students studying in China through questionnaire and interview. The following was found in this study: (a) The HSK influenced both the process and results of CSL learning, and the positive impact outweighed the negative impact. (b) Students’ motivation and perception of the HSK were the key factors that influenced the level of HSK washback. (c) The HSK had different intensities of washback on students at different HSK levels, with the strong effect on students at the lower level and a weak effect on students at the higher level. Based on the findings, some implications and suggestions for learners, teachers and test designers are provided.

Optimal experimental designs for hypothesis testing with multiple factors: maximising power for the biological sciences

Optimal experimental designs for hypothesis testing with multiple factors: maximising power for the biological sciences

Instrumental variables in real-world clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease: Systematic review of the subject-matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies to justify a valid instrument.

We systematically reviewed how investigators argued for and justified the validity of their instrumental variables (IV) in clinical studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. We included studies using IV analysis with observational data to investigate causal effects in clinical research studies of dementia and neurodegenerative disease. We reported the subject-matter argumentation, falsification test, and study design strategies used to satisfy the three assumptions of a valid IV: relevance, exclusion restriction, and exchangeability. Justification for the relevance assumption was performed in all 12 included studies, exclusion restriction in seven studies, and exchangeability in nine studies. Two subject-matter argumentation strategies emerged from seven studies on the relevance of their IV. All studies except one provided quantitative evidence for the strength of the association between the IV and exposure variable. Four argumentation strategies emerged for exclusion restriction from six studies. Four falsification tests were performed across three studies. Three argumentation strategies emerged for exchangeability across four studies. Nine falsification tests were performed across nine studies. Two notable study design strategies were reported. Our results reinforce IV analysis as a feasible option for clinical researchers in dementia and neurodegenerative disease by clarifying known strategies used to validate an IV.

Effects of low-intensity home-based exercise on cognition in older persons with mild cognitive impairment: a direct comparison of aerobic versus resistance exercises using a randomized controlled trial design.

It has been reported that both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise can improve cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but it is unclear which type of exercise has a higher impact on cognitive function. Additionally, low-intensity exercise is considered safe for the elderly and can be done at home. This study aimed to compare the effects of 3-month low-intensity home-based exercises, aerobic versus resistance exercises, on cognitive function in people with MCI. This study was a single-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in a suburban community. Ninety eligible participants aged 60-80 years were randomly assigned into aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or control group (30 in each group). The aerobic and resistance exercise groups underwent 3 months of low-intensity exercise at home (35 min/day, 5 days/week). The control group performed their usual daily activities. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Thai version (MoCA), Trail Making Test Part A and B (TMT-A, TMT-B), Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), forward and backward Digit Span Test (DST-F, DST-B) and Stick Design Test (SDT) were administered before training, 3-month after training and 3-month follow-up. All participants completed a 3-month exercise program, but during the follow-up, data were gathered from 28, 27, and 26 participants in the aerobic, resistance, and control groups, respectively. Both aerobic and resistance groups showed significant improvements in all outcome measures during posttraining and follow-up, except SDT, while there was no cognitive improvement in control group at posttraining and follow-up. Compared to those in the control group, the aerobic group had significant improvements in MoCA, TMT-A, TMT-B, and SCWT, while resistance group had significant improvements in MoCA and TMT-B at posttraining and follow-up. There were no differences in any outcome measures between aerobic and resistance groups, except SCWT, which was significantly greater in the aerobic group than in the resistance group posttraining. Low-intensity exercise, whether aerobic or resistance training, was effective at improving cognitive function in older people with MCI, and the effects were sustained at the 3-month follow-up.Clinical trial registration:thaiclinicaltrials.org, TCTR20231110003.