Qualitative Method Design Research Articles

PENETAPAN KLASIFIKASI TARIF POS KOMODITAS EMAS BATANGAN (GOLD CAST BAR) KE DAERAH PABEAN INDONESIA

ABSTRACT:
 Import Declaration containing the classification of HS code for goods is carried out by self-assessment which is then examined and determined by Customs and Excise in the event that the postal rate differs from the determination of Customs and Excise. The stipulation of Customs and Excise on the import of gold cast bars has caused a polemic because the validity is doubtful. This study aims to conduct a confirmatory academic review in order to obtain the correct classification of import Gold Cast Bar to the Indonesian Customs Region based on the principles of objectivity and freedom of opinion as well as so that it can be used as a guide for those in need. This research uses descriptive qualitative method design through literature study and interviews. Determination of tariff classification begins with the identification of goods and provisions for classification that have been uniformly determined by the WCO (World Customs Organization), the suitability of steps and approaches in determining tariff classification creates legal certainty and reduces prolonged polemics.
 Keywords: self assessment, tariff classification polemic, gold cast bar

The Experiences of EFL Teachers Teaching English Skills and Contents in the Midst of Covid-19 Pandemic

The major purpose of this research was to obtain the voices of EFL senior teachers regarding the use of the WhatsApp- group tool. The researchers applied a qualitative method design by practicing two instruments: semi-structured interview and indirect observation. The case study design was undertaken by engaging two EFL senior teachers who actively implemented the WhatsApp group tool in the learning process in the midst of the outbreak of COVID-19. Four designs of qualitative frameworks were convenience aspect (ease of use) and usefulness aspect (Interaction and motivation), educational aspect, and technical aspect was simultaneously utilized to draw their experience in teaching English skills and content courses. The result of research discussions declared that the EFL teachers claimed the different voices toward the utilizing WhatsApp-group tool. Grammar lecturers claimed that this digital tool is a learning management system, integrating the tools for educational aims, and perceiving advantages in boosting the effectiveness and efficiency of the teaching and learning process. In addition, Grammar lecturers as educators emphasized to their learners that the young generation does not only learn the academic aspects but also build a good attitude, critically-thinking, social caring, and high tolerance the society. The learning strategy is well-known as the maternity reflective method. In contrast, the Prose lecturer claimed several obstacles; junk notifications, flooding irrelevant chats in the WhatsApp forum, poor signal, and consuming extra time. Furthermore, he added that interactions in the WhatsApp-group tool as supportive learning cannot boost learners to be active due to some factors. This evidence became a significant challenge in applying WhatsApp as a management teaching media. Thus, the pedagogical implication of utilizing WhatsApp- group L tool in EFL classroom should be carefully tackled to minimize the overuse of this mobile application

Emotional experiences of elderly patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease using extended home oxygen therapy: A qualitative study on reports at a university specialized outpatient clinic in Brazil

IntroductionWhat do patients talk during a clinic evaluation? What do they report besides referring physical complaints? It is crucial to value ’hidden’ symbolic issues under a conversation between patient and his/her doctors and nurses. Elderly people are at increased risk of developing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) that requires the management of associated emotions. In advanced stages, they need to use Long-term Home Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) as part of treatment. Patients perceive difficulties with its use, generating anguish.ObjectivesTo explore meanings of emotional experiences as reported by patients regarding LTOT, seen in a public university outpatient service.MethodsQualitative design. Semi-directed interviews with open-ended questions were carried out with seven elderly patients at Pulmonology Outpatient Clinic at General Hospital at University of Campinas, diagnosed with COPD and using LTOT in period 2019 to 2020. Data were analyzed using Content Analysis with the support of Webqda software. COREQ checklist was used.ResultsThree categories emerged from interviews: (1) Changes of self-image perception with great dissatisfaction in not recognizing their selves physically. (2) Sadness with social isolation and feelings of awkwardness regarding themselves. (3) Affective aspects bringing the need to re-mean old family supports.ConclusionsSimply listening to reports of emotional complaints implies only a description of a clinical condition of the psychic sphere. Elderly patients with COPD bring psychological representations of their clinical condition that call for a symbolic interpretation. If such patients become aware of hidden meanings, they can better manage their fears and other uncomfortable feelings.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Is the Living Will an interesting way to determine themselves? Qualitative research about considerations said by oncologists in a university service care in Southeast Brazil

IntroductionWhat does the physician think in his/her intimacy about clinical care for when his/her death would be near? Living Will is a type of advance directive with the aim to guarantee the testator’s autonomy when faced with death. Particularly oncologists are often faced with human finitude. Their delicate work does not protect them from the possible anguish of thinking and preparing for their own death. It is pertinent to know the psychic mechanisms normally present in the management of this expectation.ObjectivesTo explore symbolic representations of oncologists such as referred to the possible elaboration of their own Living Will.MethodsQualitative design. Eight participants, clinicians, sample closed by theoretical saturation of information. Semidirected interviews in-depth were conducted online during the pandemic, fully transcribed. Technique of Clinical-Qualitative Content Analysis used for data treatment to generate categories of discussion. The authors search for core meanings in the corpus of interviews, after free-floating readings.ResultsThree categories emerged from the material: Living Will: postponing the decision in order to not anticipate death; From Rationalization Mechanism to Intellectualization: a more sophisticated defensive strategy; Loss of Autonomy: the doctor’s belief while to feel him/herself patient.Conclusions(1) Even with all scientific knowledge, respondents have archaic thoughts on defining advance directives as healthy individuals would mean rushing time of their death. (2) Resistance of these professionals to an imagined scenario of end reveals underlying anguish in writing of living will. (3) There is fear of losing autonomy when they do not know how their Living Will can be seen.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Percepciones sobre la rehabilitación durante la pandemia por COVID-19 de las personas con discapacidad motora

Background and objectiveThe World Health Organization declared COrona VIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19) a pandemic and recommended social distancing as a preventive measure. This affected all medical–clinical treatments, including those related to the physical rehabilitation process. The objective was to describe the perceptions about the rehabilitation process due to the modifications experienced by people with motor disabilities in a rehabilitation hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients and methodsQualitative design. The sample chosen was for convenience and the data analysis was by thematic analysis, which allows to identify, analyze and report themes. The interviews were conducted with patients seen in the physiotherapy división of the hospital. Inclusion criteria: adults >18 years old, diagnosis of motor disability, undergoing physical treatment ≥1 month on an outpatient basis, with early discharge from hospitalization or hospitalization at the time of the study and signing of the informed consent. Exclusion criteria: physical discharge for reasons other than COVID-19 and diagnosis of psychiatric illness. ResultsThe sample consisted of 16 participants. 31.2% were female. Twelve presented various neurological alterations and 4 amputation effects. Four main themes were identified: importance of rehabilitation, treatment modifications/interruption, activities of daily living and tele-rehabilitation. ConclusionsPerceptions about the rehabilitation process and the impact on the modifications experienced in people with motor disabilities were described. We highlight the importance of tele-rehabilitation as an alternative resource.

Issues affecting supply of palliative medicines into community pharmacy: A qualitative study of community pharmacist and pharmaceutical wholesaler/distributor perspectives

BackgroundPatient access to medicines in the community at end-of-life (pertaining to the last year of life) is vital for symptom control. Supply of such medicines is known to be problematic, but despite this, studies have failed to examine the issues affecting community pharmacy access to palliative medicines. ObjectiveTo identify community pharmacists' and pharmaceutical wholesalers'/distributors' views on supply chain processes and challenges in providing access to medicines during the last year of life, to characterise supply in this UK context. MethodsQualitative design, with telephone interviews analysed using Framework Analysis. Coding frames were developed iteratively with data analysed separately and then triangulated to examine differences in perspectives. FindingsThirty-two interviews (24 community pharmacists and 8 wholesalers/distributors) were conducted. To ensure appropriate palliative medicines were available despite occasional shortages, community pharmacists worked tirelessly. They navigated a challenging interface with wholesalers/distributors, the Drug Tariff to ensure reimbursement, and multiple systems. IT infrastructures and logistics provided by wholesalers/distributors were often helpful to supply into community pharmacies resulting in same or next day deliveries. However, the inability of manufacturers to predict operational issues or accurately forecast demand led wholesalers/distributors to encounter shortages with manufactured stock levels, reducing timely access to medicines. ConclusionsThe study identifies for the first time how palliative medicines supply into community pharmacy, can be improved. A conceptual model was developed, illustrating how influencing factors affect responsiveness and speed of medicines access for patients. Work is required to strengthen this supply chain via effective relationship-building and information-sharing, to prevent patients facing disruptions in access to palliative medicines at end-of-life.

Implementing social sustainability through market pressures: an inter-organizational network analysis in the Pakistani apparel supply chain

PurposeThis article encourages novel approaches in the SSCM literature to create transformative change for workers in developing countries' apparel supply chains. It examines how suppliers' implementation of social sustainability is moderated by buyers' pressures (through dyadic ties) and by similar suppliers' pressures (through extended ties).Design/methodology/approachThe article adopts a qualitative method design based on fieldwork and 21 face-to-face interviews with suppliers' senior managers. The data were collected between 2017 and 2020 in the factory premises of suppliers in Pakistan.FindingsThis article distinguishes the pressures that moderate suppliers' implementation of social sustainability positively (top-down encouragement, informal exchange and competitive convergence) and negatively (unrewarded commitment) through social ties. Hence, it shows how suppliers experience constrained proactivity as a state of tension.Originality/valueThe article primarily contributes to the SSCM literature by informing how similar suppliers' pressures in the business community constitute important processes of social governance and are key to create transformative change upstream in apparel supply chains. Against this backdrop, it cautions about buyers' opposite pressures and misuse of their negotiation power, which indirectly holds back and dilutes transformative change.

Pembentukan Usahawan Kraf Tangan Wanita di Malaysia: Peranan Sikap, Warisan Keluarga dan Pembudayaan Nilai Agama

The participation of women in entrepreneurship plays a significant role in economic development especially in reducing unemployment, increasing production and consumption, achieving gender equality, social and cultural reforms. One of the dominant areas for women is batik and songket entrepreneurs who are synonymous with women on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Studies have identified three key elements that contribute to the development of this craft entrepreneur, viz. attitude, business inheritance and religious value culture. Qualitative design methods based on case studies and in-depth interviews were used in this study on 12 informants in the state of Kelantan and Terengganu in Malaysia. The findings show that there are three main factors that cause the formation of women handicraft entrepreneurs, namely attitude, family heritage and religious values. Hence, all the factors that make up a female handicraft entrepreneur in Malaysia are discussed in this article. The findings imply that increasing women entrepreneurs in handicrafts can raise the quality of handicraft products into becoming the best tourism products in the East Coast.

Facilitators and barriers to participation in population-based colorectal cancer screening programme from the perspective of healthcare professionals: Qualitative research study.

High participation determines the success of colorectal cancer screening programmes in reducing incidence and mortality. The factors that determine participation must be studied from the perspective of professionals that implement the programme. The aim was to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the participation of the invited people in the bowel cancer screening programme of the Basque Country (Spain) from professional's perspective. Qualitative design based on individual interviews and focus groups. Thirty-eight primary care professionals who implement the programme participated (administrative staff, nurses and general practitioners). Thematic analysis was performed. Professionals show high satisfaction with the programme, and they believe firmly in its benefits. Facilitators for participation include professionals' commitment to the programme, their previous positive experiences, their optimistic attitude towards the prognosis of cancer and their trust in the health system and accessibility. Barriers include invitees' lack of independence to make decisions, fear of a positive test result and patient vulnerability and labour mobility of the health professionals. Professionals show a high degree of involvement and identify primary care is an appropriate place to carry out disease prevention. They identify the closeness to patients, the personal attitude and the characteristics of the health system as key factors that influence participation.

Factors contributing to the students’ poor performance in biology subject: A case study of ordinary level in rural secondary schools of Rwamagana district

This study explored the factors contributing to the students’ poor performance in Biology subject. By using qualitative method design, sample were chosen purposefully from two secondary schools in rural area of Rwamagana district. The schools were selected on the fact that the students were characterized by poor performance in Biology in the years 2017 and 2018. The participants of the study were both ordinary level learners, ordinary level Biology teachers, Deputy Head teachers and Head teachers. Open-ended questionnaires, interview and documents review were both utilized to gather the data. 110 learners were asked to complete the questionnaires while 4 Biology teachers, 2 Deputy Head teachers and 2 Head teachers were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively by content and thematic analysis. The data were interpreted using literature review and the findings were also presented in graphs using Microsoft Excel. The results indicated that the root causes of the students’ poor performance in Biology are namely: English language as medium of instruction, insufficient laboratory equipment, insufficient teaching and learning materials, inappropriate teaching methodology, amount of content and time allocated, inadequate involvement of parents in learners’ education, poverty, students’ absenteeism and school environment. All factors were not explored, there might be other causes that affect learners’ performance in biology subject of rural ordinary level schools. The researcher finally made recommendations to the various education stakeholders to improve the academic performance.

Examining STEM Teaching at the Intersection of Informal and Formal Spaces: Exploring Science Pre-service Elementary Teacher Preparation

ABSTRACT There is a growing emphasis on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education focused learning spaces vis-à-vis science education in the US public schools. These STEM learning spaces mostly take place in informal learning spaces such as STEM makerspace, coding academies, and STEM camps. With this emphasis, teachers teaching science in elementary grades may find themselves being asked to teach in STEM focused learning spaces that lay outside of their areas of expertise in science teaching to teach STEM concepts and skills (e.g., computational thinking, 3-D Modeling, TinkerCAD). This problem is further compounded by the fact that many informal spaces (e.g., STEM makerspaces) are now being integrated into formal school structures and schedules. This paper shares findings by examining the preparation of elementary pre-service teachers for teaching in one informal space—a STEM makerspace. We used an exploratory qualitative design method and share results that indicate including preparation in informal STEM teaching may be beneficial in one elementary teacher preparation program.

The exploration of ethnomathematics based on Rapa’i Geleng dance as mathematics learning media

Several abstract topics in mathematics are considered unrelated to contextual problems. This condition occurs because students cannot use some abstract mathematics topics which obtained at school in their daily activities. Hence, students are less interested in mathematics learning. Therefore, a bridge connecting formal school mathematics and the local culture is needed; one of them is ethnomathematics research method design. Ethnomathematics is a qualitative method design which examines the practice and elements of mathematics in a cultural group. One of the cultures which grows, develops, and is popular in Banda Aceh City is the Rapa’i Geleng dance. Rapa’i Geleng is a traditional Acehnese dance performed by shaking the head to the left and right regularly in a specific pattern following the rhythmic strains of the Acehnese traditional musical instrument called Rapa’i. The data were collected through document review, including videos, photos, notes, and interviews with experts. The results of the exploration show that there is a mathematical concept in the Rapa’i Geleng dance, namely number pattern. The sequence topic was observed from dancers’ regular movement based on their position. Consequently, this dance is supposed to be used as a learning medium to explain abstract mathematical concepts to the students.

The Implementation of Authentic Assessment in Course Syllabus Incorporating the Pragmatic Acquisition

The fact that students have lack of reading comprehension as the result of ineffective implementation in course syllabus. The study aims at implementing authentic assessment in extensive reading. The objective of activities in authentic assessment is to enhance the students’ pragmatic acquisition in understanding political news text. Qualitative method design is used by conducting classroom action research. The finding indicates that the pedagogy implementation provides various tasks in improving the students’ pragmatic acquisition. The result reveals that reading strategy can be reinforced through listening, writing, and speaking to have an understanding in a context. Forty-five students in extensive reading class answer open-ended questionnaire and the result shows that pragmatic acquisition is an effective strategy to comprehend the reading text. The integration of authentic assessment and the acquisition of semantic meaning are suggested to be investigated in future research.

A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT

A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS ON STUDENTS’ WRITING RECOUNT TEXT *Septyana D Sianipar ** Siti Aisah Ginting ** Tiarnita M. S Siregar Abstract The objectives of this study were to find out the types of transitivity system used on students’ writing recount texts. Further, this study also aims to identify the types of transitivity systems realized in students’ writing recount texts. This study was conducted by using a descriptive qualitative design method. The data were 15 pieces of recount texts written by tenth grade students of SMAN 21 Medan being analyzed as the data. From this research, it was found that in all units of students’ writing recount texts, there were 249 clauses. In these clauses, all process types can be found with varieties of the usage, they were: material process, mental process, relational process, behavioral process, verbal process, and existential process. As for the participants, almost all can be found in students’ recount texts: actor, goal, range, senser, phenomenon, token, value, carrier, attribute, possessor, possessed, behaver, sayer, verbiage, existent, and beneficiary ones. Only two participants were not found in the texts: the range and the target ones. As for circumstances, there were seven circumstances found in the students’ recount texts: extent, location, manner, cause, accompaniment, and matter. The contingency, angle, and role aspects however, were not found. The realization of the transitivity system on students writing recount texts, were found with varieties of the usage in constructing language features of the students’ recount texts. The processes were realized by personal pronoun, direct and indirect objects. Finally, the circumstances were realized by prepositional and adverbial phrases. Keywords: Transitivity System, Writing, Students’ recount texts.

Análisis con perspectiva de género de la Encuesta de Fecundidad 2018 en España

ObjectiveTo analyze the language and content of the questionnaire used in the Fertility Survey 2018, from a gender perspective. MethodQualitative design based on a content analysis of the questionnaire used in the Fertility Survey 2018. Methodological recommendations and guides for gender-sensitive statistics were used, together with the comparison established with the Generations and Gender Survey. The categories of analysis were: language, sexual division of labor and fertility. The analysis procedure included the checklist and the incorporation of emerging variables specifically related to gender inequalities and biases. ResultsThe questionnaire uses with some inclusive language, but maintains the generic use of masculine gender, reproduces gender stereotypes and uses male–female binomials as a single concept. It offers a limited perspective on sexual division of domestic and care labor, horizontal and vertical segregation in the workplace, gender differences between the access and control of resources. In relation to fertility, it reproduces gender inequalities and biases that build a normalized and idealized vision on having children, do not reflect the differential impact of pregnancy and parenting on women's health and prioritize the biological dimension of motherhood and fatherhood. ConclusionsThe Spanish Fertility Survey needs to improve its gender sensitivity, reflect the heterogeneous biological, socio-economic and structural dimensions of fertility and explore deeper into the differential elements that generate inequalities and gender biases.

Development of the \u2018REadiness SElf-assessment (RESEA) guide\u2019 to assist low and middle-income countries with establishing safe and sustainable radiotherapy services: a pragmatic sequential mixed qualitative methods project

BackgroundImproving access to radiotherapy services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is challenging. Many LMICs’ radiotherapy initiatives fail because of multi-faceted barriers leading to significant wastage of scarce resources. Supporting LMICs to self-assess their readiness for establishing radiotherapy services will help to improve cancer outcomes by ensuring safe, effective and sustainable evidenced-based cancer care. The aim of the study was to develop practical guidance for LMICs on self-assessing their readiness to establish safe and sustainable radiotherapy services.MethodsThe Access to Radiotherapy for Cancer treatment (ARC) Project was a pragmatic sequential mixed qualitative methods design underpinned by the World Health Organisation’s ‘Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework’ and ‘Health System Building Blocks Framework for Action’ conceptual frameworks. This paper reports on the process of overall data integration and meta-inference from previously published components comprising a systematic review and two-part qualitative study (semi-structured interviews and a participant validation process). The meta-inferences enabled a series of radiotherapy readiness self-assessment requirements to be generated, formalised as a REadiness SElf-Assessment (RESEA) Guide’ for use by LMICs.FindingsThe meta-inferences identified a large number of factors that acted as facilitators and/or barriers, depending on the situation, which include: awareness and advocacy; political leadership; epidemiological data; financial resources; basic physical infrastructure; radiation safety legislative and regulatory framework; project management; and radiotherapy workforce training and education. ‘Commitment’, ‘cooperation’, ‘capacity’ and ‘catalyst’ were identified as the key domains enabling development of radiotherapy services. Across these four domains, the RESEA Guide included 37 requirements and 120 readiness questions that LMICs need to consider and answer as part of establishing a new radiotherapy service.ConclusionsThe RESEA Guide provides a new resource for LMICs to self-assess their capacity to establish safe and sustainable radiotherapy services. Future evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of the RESEA Guide is needed to inform its validity. Further work, including field study, is needed to inform further refinements. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are required to reduce the data set and test the fit of the four-factor structure (commitment, cooperation, capacity and catalyst) found in the current study.

Teachers’ Encounter of Online Learning: Challenges and Support System

The pandemic of COVID-19 situation has converted the teaching and learning process from face-to-face interaction in the classroom into virtual classroom environment. This condition caused challenges for many parties, including teachers as the main agent in the classroom. This study is intended to find out the teachers’ barriers and supports in conducting online learning. A descriptive qualitative method design through an open-ended questionnaire was chosen. Interview were also used to triangulate the data. Twenty-one teachers from sub-urban areas in Cimahi and Bandung were selected as the participants. The findings revealed three issues becoming teachers' challenges, namely, technology, course content, and students. In the first issue, the classic problem of online learning occurred, which was internet connectivity. The second problem was that the teachers had obstacles in making adjustments to design, deliver, and follow-up the material. Then the last issue was the students’ participation as well as technological access. Regarding the supports, the teachers had gained back up from the government, school, and parent in conducting online learning. Furthermore, this study recommended three optional solutions to help the teacher facing their barriers in virtual teaching, in terms of students’ participation in online learning, learning materials, and facilities in supporting the learning activities.

Gender-related beliefs and attitudes about tobacco use and smoking cessation in Mexico

ABSTRACT Background. While overall trends in tobacco use among men are declining, tobacco use continues to rise significantly among women in developing countries. This study aimed to explore the gender-related beliefs and attitudes about tobacco use and smoking cessation in Mexico, one of the top five Latin America countries with the highest prevalence of tobacco consumption. Materials and Methods. This study was conducted using an explanatory qualitative methods design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 adults smokers (8 women & 6 men) who visited primary healthcare clinics in Mexico City. Two researchers independently coded the interviews and applied the final codes upon consensus. Inter-rater reliability was assessed for four groups of codewords (92% agreement), based on an ecological model on socio-cultural factors. Findings. Initiation to smoking in women begins out of curiosity, and in men by imitation. Also, women start using tobacco at an older age compared to men. During maintenance of smoking, women report experiencing loneliness and anxiety about multiple responsibilities, e.g. women reveal that they feel guilty when they smoke due to their maternal role as caregivers. Additionally, some women report that smoking is a symbol of freedom, recalling the media messages associated with promoting tobacco products. Among men, the results show that they smoke for pleasure and to socialize, and consider that women smoke to imitate men and feel powerful. Regarding cessation, women are ambivalent about quitting smoking or not, and men mention not needing professional support. For organizational barriers, women mention the cost of treatment and men, the distance to clinics. Conclusion. Smoking cessation interventions should be proposed from an approach that involves changes in social norms, seeking a more equitable relationship between men and women. Therefore, there must be broad engagement from different sectors and not just at the health sector level.

The Effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence on Education: Learning During the Pandemic and in the Future

This paper reviewed ten International publication about the effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence in Education: During the Pandemic and Learning in the future. Since the pandemic has disrupted world education, distance has become an alternative by relying on machine learning. To understand the extent of the power of artificial intelligence in education both during the COVID-19 period and the period, we try to understand it through the example of ten International scientific publications that speak out about artificial intelligence in education today and the of earning. Besides reviewing ten papers, we also conducted an online search engine for related literature. We performed searches with keywords such as artificially intelligent, learning during a pandemic, and future learning, Then, we analyzed a phenomenological approach to ensure our findings answered the study questions under a qualitative method design. By considering the evidence of research and literature, we can summarize our findings, among others, that the critical understanding of artificial intelligence in education, the use of AI in education, typical Learning in the pandemic era, and the role of AI in pandemic as long as residents and Learning still depend on data patterns and automation based on tasks that are smarter than usual.

A qualitative study exploring the experiences of bereavement after stillbirth in pakistani, bangladeshi and white british mothers living in luton, UK

AimThis study aims to explore the experiences of bereavement after stillbirth of Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers in a town with multi-ethnic populations in England. ParticipantsA purposive sample of Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers aged over 16 (at time of infant birth), who suffered a stillbirth in the preceding 6–24 months and residing in a specified postcode area were invited to take part in the study, by an identified gatekeeper (audit midwife) from the local National Health Service Trust, in addition to local bereavement charities. DesignQualitative methods using face-to-face semi-structured interviews were undertaken, recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using framework analysis, several themes were identified. FindingsThere were three main themes identified from the data; 1. knowledge and information of pregnancy and perinatal mortality; 2. attitudes and perceptions to pregnancy and perinatal mortality and 3. experiences with maternity care. The findings revealed mostly similarities in the bereavement experiences of the Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers. A few cultural and religious differences were identified. ConclusionsThis study found important similarities in bereavement experiences of Pakistani, Bangladeshi and White British mothers and highlights considerations for policy makers and maternity services in how the timing of bereavement after care is provided, including advice surrounding the infant post-mortem. 209