Modeling System Design Research Articles

ArguMente: An Online Argumentation System for Formal and Non-Formal Education

ArguMente is an online system that offers two types of learning spaces. On the one hand, a close group space that implements a student-centred teaching strategy, the purpose of which is to automate the Dialogue Design System model for written argumentation (DDS). On the other hand, it offers a space for the exercise of an argued debate under a non-formal environment of education that calls for the creation of learning communities. Experiences for teaching argumentative skills and for teaching teachers have taken place through the first space, the closed classroom, while the second space, the open classroom, is being used to promote the autonomous argumentative dialogue.

Marine locomotion: A tethered UAV-Buoy system with surge velocity control

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are reaching offshore. In this work, we formulate the novel problem of a marine locomotive quadrotor UAV, which manipulates the surge velocity of a floating buoy by means of a cable. The proposed robotic system can have a variety of novel applications for UAVs where their high speed and maneuverability, as well as their ease of deployment and wide field of vision, give them a superior advantage. In addition, the major limitation of limited flight time of quadrotor UAVs is typically addressed through an umbilical power cable, which naturally integrates with the proposed system. A detailed high-fidelity dynamic model is presented for the buoy, UAV, and water environment. In addition, a stable control system design is proposed to manipulate the surge velocity of the buoy within certain constraints that keep the buoy in contact with the water surface. Polar coordinates are used in the controller design process since they outperform traditional Cartesian-based velocity controllers when it comes to ensuring correlated effects on the tracking performance, where each control channel independently affects one control parameter. The system model and controller design are validated in numerical simulation under different settings, configurations, and wave scenarios.

The Research on Driving Meta-model of Large Rotary-type Cylindrical Antenna

As a complex system with highly integrated multi-discipline, the large rotary-type cylindrical antenna is favored by more and more researchers in IPS detection and large-area survey observation. Due to its complex structure, huge volume and large motion inertia, high requirements on the drive system are indispensable, and there exist some certain limitations in the traditional system design method. This article proposes a large rotary-type cylindrical antenna driving system modeling method based on the meta-model. The domain-specific modeling language of the antenna driving system is defined by extending SysML, and the domain meta-model of the antenna driving system is constructed on this basis. The functional modeling of the antenna driving system is based on the meta-model to support the analysis of the antenna driving process, improve the modeling efficiency and model reusability, and provide a research foundation for the subsequent system modeling design of large antenna.

Event-B Hybridation

Hybrid systems are complex systems where a software controller interacts with a physical environment, usually named a plant, through sensors and actuators. The specification and design of such systems usually rely on the description of both continuous and discrete behaviours. From complex embedded systems to autonomous vehicles, these systems became quite common, including in safety critical domains. However, their formal verification and validation as a whole is still a challenge. To address this challenge, this article contributes to the definition of a reusable and tool supported formal framework handling the design and verification of hybrid system models that integrate both discrete (the controller part) and continuous (the plant part) behaviours. This framework includes the development of a process for defining a class of basic theories and developing domain theories and then the use of these theories to develop a generic model and system-specific models. To realise this framework, we present a formal proof tool chain, based on the Event-B correct-by-construction method and its integrated development environment Rodin, to develop a set of theories, a generic model, proof processes, and the required properties for designing hybrid systems in Event-B. Our approach relies on hybrid automata as basic models for such systems. Discrete and continuous variables model system states and behaviours are given using discrete state changes and continuous evolution following a differential equation. The proposed approach is based on refinement and proof using the Event-B method and the Rodin toolset. Two case studies borrowed from the literature are used to illustrate our approach. An assessment of the proposed approach is provided for evaluating its extensibility, effectiveness, scalability, and usability.

The Information System Development of Prescription Screening Management in Public Health Center I Kotagede Yogyakarta

Prescription screening is an assessment of the suitability of prescriptions performed by pharmacies in order to minimize the occurrence of medication errors. It is necessary to use information technology so that prescription screening can be carried out quickly, precisely and accurately. The purpose of study was to develop a design model for prescription screening management information systems in Puskesmas Kotagede 1. This study was a descriptive study with a cross sectional design. The research was conducted at the outpatient pharmacy installation at Kotagede 1 Public Health Center in November 2019-April 2020. To determine the system requirements analysis, a descriptive analysis was carried out. The development of a prescription screening information system was carried out using the prototype method. The results of the system requirements analysis indicate that the identification of prescription screening has not been carried out completely by pharmaceutical officers. The development of a prescription screening information system model design at Puskesmas Kotagede 1 uses the waterfall method. The stages start from requirement analysis, system design, implementation, integration & testing, operation & maintenance. With the development of a prescription screening information system model, it can facilitate pharmaceutical work in the prescription screening process to be fast, precise and accurate.

Sampling-Noise Modeling & Removal in Shape From Focus Systems Through Kalman Filter

Shape from Focus (SFF) is one of the passive techniques to recover the shape of an object under consideration. It utilizes the focus cue present in the stack of images, obtained by a single camera. In SFF when the images are acquired, the inter-frame distance, also known as the sampling step size, is assumed to be constant. However, in practice, due to mechanical constraints, sampling step size cannot remain constant. The inconsistency in the sampling step size causes the problem of jitter, and produces Jitter noise in focus curves. This Jitter noise is not visible in images, because each pixel in an image (of the stack) will be subjected to the same error in focus. Thus, traditional image denoising techniques will not work. This paper formulates a model of the Jitter noise, followed by the design of system and measurement models for Kalman filter. Then, the jittering problem for SFF systems is solved using the proposed filtering technique. Experiments are performed on simulated and real objects. Ten noise levels are considered for simulated, and four for real objects. RMSE and Correlation are used to measure the reconstructed shape. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

Simulation and Arduino Hardware Implementation of DC Motor Control Using Sliding Mode Controller

The research proposed an alternative controller to control the Direct Current (DC) Motor using a sliding mode controller (SMC) in Matlab Simulink simulation and Arduino hardware implementation. The proposed controller, SMC, was designed using the system model (equivalent control) and Lyapunov control design (also to prove the stability). The sliding mode controller had a better response than PID Controller, with no overshoot response in the simulation result. In the Arduino hardware implementation result, the augmented system could reach the reference but has an oscillation and chattering effect in the control signal. The chattering could be reduced by modifying the switching control. Comparing with PID, SMC had a better response with no overshoot. Thus, the SMC could be used as an alternative controller for the DC Motor.

Simulation and Arduino Hardware Implementation of DC Motor Control Using Sliding Mode Controller

The research proposed an alternative controller to control the Direct Current (DC) Motor using a sliding mode controller (SMC) in Matlab Simulink simulation and Arduino hardware implementation. The proposed controller, SMC, was designed using the system model (equivalent control) and Lyapunov control design (also to prove the stability). The sliding mode controller had a better response than PID Controller, with no overshoot response in the simulation result. In the Arduino hardware implementation result, the augmented system could reach the reference but has an oscillation and chattering effect in the control signal. The chattering could be reduced by modifying the switching control. Comparing with PID, SMC had a better response with no overshoot. Thus, the SMC could be used as an alternative controller for the DC Motor.

Review on Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) Model

Traditional agronomic experiments were conducted at a specific location in time and space, resulting in long, seasonal, time-consuming, and expensive experiments. An international team of scientists has developed a decision support system for the transfer of agrotechnology, which has been used by researchers from around and the world for 15 years. This package incorporates models for over 42 crops (since Version 4.7.5) as well as tools to facilitate effective use of the models. Tools include database management programs for soil, weather, crop management, and experimental data, utilities, and implementation programs. Crop simulation models simulate growth, development, and yield in accordance with soil-plant-atmosphere dynamics. Over the last few years, it has become increasingly difficult to maintain the DSSAT crop models, partly due to the fact that there were different sets of computer code for different crops with little attention to software design at the level of crop models themselves. Thus, the DSSAT crop models have been re-designed and programmed to facilitate more efficient incorporation of new scientific advances, applications, documentation, and maintenance. The basis for the new DSSAT cropping system model (CSM) design is a modular structure in which components separate along scientific discipline lines and are structured to allow easy replacement or addition of modules. In this review paper, I described the approaches used to model the primary scientific components (soil, crop, weather, and management). Besides, the review paper describes the limitations, the future of the DSSAT model, and its importance. The benefits of the new, re-designed DSSAT–CSM will provide considerable opportunities for its development and others in the scientific community for greater cooperation in interdisciplinary research and in the application of knowledge to solve problems in the field, farm, and higher levels.

Sentiment Analysis for Detecting Cyberbullying Using TF-IDF and SVM

Social media has become a new method of today’s communication in a new digitalize era. Children and adults have used social media a lot in interacting with others. Therefore social media has shifted conventional communication into digital one. This digital development on social media is a serious problem that must be faced because it has been found that there are more and more acts of cyberbullying. This act of cyberbullying can attack the psychic, causing depression up to suicide. The dangers of cyberbullying are troubling and cause concern to the community. Therefore, this study will analyze the sentiment on the comments contained on social media to find out the value of sentiment from comments on social media platforms. The comment data will be processed at the preprocessing stage, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF), and the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification method. Comment data to be classified as 1500 data taken using crawling data through libraries in python programming and divided into 80% data training and 20% data testing. Based on the results of the test, the accuracy value is 93%, the precision value is 95%, and the recall value is 97%. In this research, a system model design is also carried out where the system can be integrated with the browser to open a user page on the classification of comments that have been input into the system.

Design of Competency Model for Labor Social Security Practitioners Facing Jobs In The Future

To meet the very large coverage of employment social security of Indonesian workers, including the growth of jobs in the future, labor social security practitioners need an adequate development process to become competent practitioners in their fields. This study aims to analyze the objective conditions of the competence of labor social security practitioners in Indonesia today, analyze and formulate competency standards for the field of labor social security, and design competency models of labor social security practitioners to produce competent labor social security practitioners in dealing with jobs in future. Primary data will be collected by distributing questionnaires to 300 labor social security practitioners and will be analyzed to produce situational analysis. In-depth interviews will be submitted to 20 experts to explore the competencies of labor social security practitioners and the results will be outlined according to the Soft System Methodology stage. The data will be processed using the Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing to identify strategic assumptions, Interpretive Structural Model to design system modeling, and Analytical Hierarchy Process to set strategic priorities. Keywords: competency, social security practitioners, jobs in the future

Complexity Measure for Engineering Systems Incorporating System States and Behavior

Complex engineering systems have structures characterized by a large number of components, interconnections, and elaborated configurations. Time-dependent functionality and multiple system states defy accurate predictions of complex systems behavior. Although many measures exist to quantify complexity, most of them consider either structure or function only. States and behavior are critical aspects to consider simultaneously with structure and function when assessing the complexity of modern systems as all of them have a profound impact on system design and future system performance. A more complete understanding of system complexity could improve the accuracy of scheduling and cost estimates during system development. This article proposes an objective, dynamic, and comprehensive complexity measure derived from molecular quantum mechanics and signal processing principles to quantify engineering system complexity. The proposed measure formalizes complexity as a single quantifiable system property that incorporates structure, functionality, and behavior, enabling unbiased comparisons of different conceptual designs, identification of complex elements, and analysis of complexity management. It provides systems architects and systems engineers with a strong basis for evaluating and communicating complexity during system design and architectural modeling. The formulation of the measure and methodology to calculate system complexity is illustrated through test cases using model-based systems engineering.

Intelligent Design for Simulation Models of Weapon Systems Using a Mathematical Structure and Case-Based Reasoning

The armed forces of major nations have utilized modeling and simulation technologies to develop weapon systems corresponding to changing modern battlefields and reducing the development cycle. However, model design is complex owing to the characteristics of current weapons, which require multiple functions. Therefore, this study proposes a method to support the automated design of weapon system models for simulation. We apply module-based modeling and an intelligent modeling process to our devised method. The former formalizes constituents and constraints regarding an element combination to design the required model, while the latter applies case-based reasoning (CBR) to intelligentize the modeling process based on the results of the former. Using a case study, our proposed method demonstrates that models that respond to operational circumstances can be designed based on simulation results. Consequently, when weapon systems can be represented in formalized structures and constituents, the weapon models can be reusable based on the addition, modification, and replacement of modules in the common structure. The CBR process can provide the models that satisfy the requirements by retrieving similar models and modifying the models. The proposed method is applicable to the process of weapon system design or improvement for changing battlefields.

Farm-Based Environmental and Economic Impacts of the Drip Irrigation System

Drip irrigation has received considerable attention from policy makers, researchers, and economists for its ability to contribute significantly improvements to water resource development, agricultural productivity, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. In this paper, the impact of drip irrigation has been studied on a farming system in terms of environmental and economic conditions using the developed Trickle Irrigation System Design Modeling (TISD). The environmental conditions included soil type, land topography, climate zones, water sources, their quality, and the farm dimensions. The economic conditions comprised of real and nominal interest rates, raw land price, and the energy and labor escalation rates. The study considered only the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to indicate the impact of environmental and economic parameters on the use of the drip irrigation system. The study used tomato-sesame as a crop rotation (line-source) and citrus as a long-life tree (point-source). Some parameters such as soil type, land topography, and water quality had a significant impact on the BCR.

Environmental Planning and Economic Resources Optimization Modelling: An Empirical Approach Based on the Earth Ecological Economic Metaphor Principle

This paper is with an objective of exploring a top-level design system model for environmental planning and economic resource optimization. Based on the economic metaphor theory of the earth’s ecological environment, of which “economic man” and “ecological man” are both involved, this study has self-built a WEMC corpus for empirical purpose. The study’s findings have revealed that, environmental planning and the optimization of economic resources reflect the relevant “eco-systemicity” from the perspective of economic metaphor, which is embodied in three major ecological categories (human, plant and animal) discovered in this empirical study; therefore, it is necessary and highly feasible to, based on the theory of systems engineering and ecological mechanics, explore and analyse the constituent factors, functions, stability, and evolution of the economic ecosystem from a new perspective and method. This paper has drawn a conclusion and proposed a top-level design system model for environmental planning and economic resource optimization based on the ecosystem integration.

Research on Digital, Networked and Intelligent Manufacturing of Modern Ship

The development of ship intelligent manufacturing is divided into three stages of digital, networked and intelligent manufacturing. In the digital manufacturing stage, shipbuilding enterprises strengthen the relationship between manufacturing and design to improve the efficiency of manufacturing. In the networked manufacturing stage, shipbuilding enterprises use the internet of things technology to improve the controllability in the production process and effectively enhance the coordination and cooperation between machines and persons. In the intelligent manufacturing stage, shipbuilding enterprises let the new generation of artificial intelligence technology run through the design, management, service and production, greatly improving the flexibility of manufacturing. This paper studies the application model of industrial design system in ship design, the application model of internet of things technology in the production control of shipbuilding enterprises, and the application model of new generation artificial intelligence technology in intelligent decision support, which makes a preliminary exploration for the intelligent development of shipbuilding enterprises.

A New Method for Determining the Degree of Controllability of State Variables for the LQR Problem Using the Duality Theorem

The control performance of a dynamic system can be checked by the degree of controllability. In this work, we present a new method for determining the degree of observability of state variables for the linear quadratic optimal estimation (LQE) problem. We carried out the calculation of the degree of controllability for the linear quadratic optimal control (LQR) problem using a duality theorem. Compared with the traditional measures of controllability such as determinant, trace, and maximal eigenvalue of the inverse controllability Gramian, the proposed degree of controllability was developed for each state variable and takes into account both the controllability Gramian and the cost function. The new method is convenient to apply to LQR problem. In the numerical simulation, we determined the influence of the model parameters on the degree of controllability. Besides that, we analyzed the degree of controllability, which gives an insight into the relationship between the system model design and the control performance.

Telepresence Mobile Robots Design and Control for Social Interaction.

Human–robot interaction has extended its application horizon to simplify how human beings interact with each other through a remotely controlled telepresence robot. The fast growth of communication technologies such as 4G and 5G has elevated the potential to establish stable audio–video-data transmission. However, human–robot physical interactions are still challenging regarding maneuverability, controllability, stability, drive layout, and autonomy. Hence, this paper presents a systematic design and control approach based on the customer’s needs and expectations of telepresence mobile robots for social interactions. A system model and controller design are developed using the Lagrangian method and linear quadratic regulator, respectively, for different scenarios such as flat surface, inclined surface, and yaw (steering). The robot system is capable of traveling uphill (30^{circ }) and has a variable height (600–1200 mm). The robot is advantageous in developing countries to fill the skill gaps as well as for sharing knowledge and expertise using a virtual and mobile physical presence.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s12369-020-00676-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Simplified Nonlinear Voltage-Mode Control of PWM DC-DC Buck Converter

This paper introduces a new nonlinear voltage-mode controller for a PWM dc-dc buck converter operating in continuous conduction mode. The sliding-mode control technique is used to derive a simplified equivalent control law based on the averaged dc-dc buck converter dynamics. As opposed to the reported design approaches, the proposed control scheme only requires the output voltage in the feedback loop without the need to the capacitor current. Thus, the analogue implementation cost is reduced and the drawback of adding a capacitor current sensor to the power converter is eliminated. The control equation is realized in a simple analogue circuit using few op-amps and resistors, which is suitable for industrial applications. The system modeling and control design procedure along with the derivation of the existence and stability conditions are presented. The control system performance is analyzed using MATLAB and SaberRD simulations. Furthermore, a simple analogue prototype of the simplified nonlinear voltage-mode controlled dc-dc buck converter is developed on a PCB. The simulation and experimental results show that the controller maintains a constant switching frequency, exhibits fast transient response, and provides good tracking performance under large disturbances.

A passive filtering solution for overvoltage mitigation in doubly fed induction generator–based wind system fed by long power cable

The inclusion of the latest generation of semiconductor switches in today’s wind farms allows high-frequency pulse width modulation. When the cable that connects the power inverter to the rotor of a doubly fed induction generator is long, the impedance mismatch between it and the rotor leads to overvoltage spikes at the terminals of this last. Such high voltage would cause the deterioration of the rotor winding or the cable insolation. For this reason, it is mandatory to solve this problem. Active and passive filters are considered as classical solutions for this issue. In this context, this article proposes an “RL” filter dedicated to suppress this overvoltage spikes. The design methodology and system modeling are presented in detail. To show the effectiveness of our proposal, a simulation is performed under ANSYS Simplorer. An accurate time-domain model of the cable is used to check the robustness of the filter. The obtained results validate the proposed filtering solution.