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Abstract
Drip irrigation has received considerable attention from policy makers, researchers, and economists for its ability to contribute significantly improvements to water resource development, agricultural productivity, economic growth, and environmental sustainability. In this paper, the impact of drip irrigation has been studied on a farming system in terms of environmental and economic conditions using the developed Trickle Irrigation System Design Modeling (TISD). The environmental conditions included soil type, land topography, climate zones, water sources, their quality, and the farm dimensions. The economic conditions comprised of real and nominal interest rates, raw land price, and the energy and labor escalation rates. The study considered only the Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) to indicate the impact of environmental and economic parameters on the use of the drip irrigation system. The study used tomato-sesame as a crop rotation (line-source) and citrus as a long-life tree (point-source). Some parameters such as soil type, land topography, and water quality had a significant impact on the BCR.
Highlights
Developing infrastructure for water resources and their management is a common policy agenda in many developing economies, in arid and semi-arid tropical countries like Egypt
The Trickle Irrigation System Design Modeling (TISD) model was run for the preselected crop rotation and long-life trees under the drip irrigation system and configuration by using the environmental and economic data of the base run according to Tables III and IV
The outcome of this study is based on the environmental and economic parameters of cultivating farms using the TISD software to fulfill the needs of the irrigation agencies and engineers
Summary
Developing infrastructure for water resources and their management is a common policy agenda in many developing economies, in arid and semi-arid tropical countries like Egypt. Drip irrigation systems require a general understanding of the economic and environmental site conditions. Site-dependent economic parameters include: interest rate, labor cost, energy cost, energy inflation factor, general inflation factor, property taxes (on equipment), water cost, land value, and the return to irrigation for each crop. The real rate (inflation-free and ranges from 5 to 7%) is used to determine the annualized cost of capital expenditures that tend to appreciate, such as land values and permanent improvement to the land, like land-leveling. Nominal rate is used to determine the annualized cost of capital expenditures that depreciate or reach technical obsolescence with little or no salvage value. The energy inflation factor is the expected inflation rate for energy over the system’s economic life and is important for balancing capital and operating costs.
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