Design Research Methodology Research Articles

REGIONAL PARTY SYSTEM OF NORTHERN IRELAND: EROSION OF BIPOLARITY

The subject of the article is the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland in 2000-2010s, as well as the factors contributing to the observed changes. The research is based on the theoretical framework of J. Lane and S. Ersson and is chronologically outlined by the period of 1998-2021. Cross-temporal comparative analysis was used as a key research method. The parameters of the comparative analysis include the following variables: number of parties, effective number of parties, number of significant parties, fragmentation of the party system, ideological polarization and electoral instability. The first part of the article is devoted to the characteristics of the theoretical and methodological research design. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland, which is based on the study of structural and ideological elements. In the final part, the results and key findings of the study are presented, including the characteristics of the key factors in the dynamics of the regional party system. The results of the study demonstrate the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland regarding two parameters - electoral stability and ideological polarization. The degree of electoral stability of the regional party is slightly decreasing due to the redistribution of electoral preferences from unionist parties to alternative ones. The change in the parameter of ideological polarization of the regional party system is observed in two directions - the erosion of bipolarity, as well as the centripetal tendencies of ideologically extreme party actors. The key factors in the dynamics of the regional party system in Northern Ireland at the present stage are the following: instability of the regional political system based on ethno-confessional criteria; the issue of European Union membership and the future status of Northern Ireland; changes in the demographic structure of the regional community.

Морская энергетика на рубеже цифровизации и интеллектуализации системного управления

In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.

Морская энергетика на рубеже цифровизации и интеллектуализации системного управления

In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.

Why Do University Students Prefer YouTube to Learn and Study?

YouTube has over 2 billion users who watch YouTube videos regularly. It is one of the social media platforms that increase its popularity in the last years with its use in educational purposes in various grade levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that make university students use YouTube for learning and studying. Firstly, it looks into the reasons that make university students prefer YouTube for learning and studying. Secondly, it examines the factors that university students consider during content selection on YouTube. The qualitative research design methodology is used in the design of the study. Data is collected through the interviews that held on face to face. The study emerged that the reasons that motive university students to use YouTube in the learning process are individual learning needs, manageability, limitations of face to face education, and availability of conditions. Besides, the study showed that university students also consider some criteria while selecting content on YouTube. They mostly consider the appropriateness of content to their interest, popularity, thumbnail image, and reliability of sources. The results of the study can be helpful for content developers to understand the needs of university students in digital platforms. Furthermore, the results can give feedback to instructors on universities to understand the gaps in face-to-face education. Besides, the results also help to understand the mindset of university students during content selection in social media.

Investigation of Health Science Students' Knowledge Regarding Healthy Lifestyle Promotion During the Spread of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Health sciences students as future health care providers, can play a valuable role in protecting societies against the spread of COVID-19 through health promotion and lifestyle modification education. Therefore, proper education of these students is essential.Objective: This study sought to assess and measure the change of knowledge of health sciences students regarding healthy lifestyle promotion strategies during the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic, after participation in different types of online and social media educational programs.Methods: In order to serve the purpose of the study, a methodological research design was first used to ensure the validation of the developed scale; the COVID-19 Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Scale (COVID-19 HLPS). The study utilized a four-arm randomized control research design in which the participants were randomly assigned into one of four groups, (1) control group (placebo intervention), (2) brochure group, who received brochures relevant to healthy lifestyle promotion, (3) Instagram group, who received similar information but through Instagram posts, and (4) online interactive educational workshop group, who also received similar information through an online interactive educational workshop.Results: In total, 155 participants participated in the online and social media intervention programs. There was a significant improvement in the intervention groups in the total knowledge subscale of the healthy promotion strategies compared with the control group (p < 0.001). Overall, the workshop group was the most effective group (effect size = 1.54) followed by the Instagram group (effect size = 0.99) and then the brochure group (effect size = 0.91).Conclusions: In order to meet the challenges posed by this pandemic, the use of such online and social media interventions is essential and may be the key for health promotion during this pandemic. Health science students, as future health care professionals, can play a fundamental role during the COVID-19 pandemic in disseminating knowledge relevant to healthy lifestyle to their families and communities thus promoting healthy living and behavioral changes. We propose the development of research initiatives at both national and international levels targeting changes within health science curricula that can meet potential challenges of future pandemics, leading to advancement of health care services globally.

Hidden trauma: Men’s non-disclosure of female perpetrated partner violence in selected communities of Limpopo Province

Purpose of the study: The current study was aimed at exploring men’s non-disclosure of intimate partner violence at Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province, South Africa.&#x0D; Methodology: Qualitative research methodology and exploratory research design were applied to successfully explore heterosexual men’s non-disclosure of intimate partner violence. A non-probability sampling of blended convenience sampling and snowball sampling was employed. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions and was analysed through thematic analysis of qualitative data.&#x0D; Main findings: This study found that male victims of partner violence hide their situations. Determinants of non-disclosure were found to include men’s personal feelings of fear to disclose, masculinity factors, societal expectations, and cultural norms, which negatively affect men’s decisions to disclose. Avoidance of possible harm and judgement from others appeared to influence non-disclosure.&#x0D; Novelty/originality of the study: The findings of the study raise concern for lack of knowledge on violence against men. Social services professionals can use the findings to advocate for male victims’ rights and use the same resources aimed at helping female victims to provide protection and psychosocial assistance to male victims. The public needs to be made aware that women are not the only victims of IPV and as such be educated about the vulnerability of male victims.

Using the Readiness Concept and Pender’s Health Promotion Model to Predict the Preparation Behavior towards Healthy Aging of Menopausal Women in the Northern Region of Thailand

Objective: To predict the effects of the preparation behavior toward healthy aging for menopausal women in the northern region of Thailand. Materials and Methods: Three hundred three menopausal women, aged 45 to 59 years old domiciled in the northern region of Thailand, were included in this study. The prediction research design methodology is used to describe the collection and analysis of the quantitative data. The questionnaire is based on the readiness of postmenopausal women toward healthy aging and includes physical, mental, social, and environmental health. After being selected, the relational variables and quantitative data of the menopausal women was analyzed with the power to predict factors resulted using multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results: Using multiple regression coefficients, factors affecting the preparation of menopausal women toward healthy aging were found to have variables that contributed to predicting the readiness behaviors of menopausal women. They were sorted according to the ability to explain the predictive power of health preparedness behavior from the selected variables into the descending analysis as family support, community support, income, self-efficacy, good attitudes for aging, medical and public health services, marital status as widowed or abandoned, and leadership roles. The variables were able to predict the preparation for healthy aging behaviors of menopausal women at 63.9%. Conclusion: Menopausal women need support and assistance in the preparation process toward healthy aging according to predictable variables, which is a concrete form of activity. Keywords: Menopausal women; The preparation behavior; Healthy aging; The readiness concept

How does physical education teacher education matter? A methodological approach to understanding transitions from PETE to school physical education

ABSTRACT Background In this paper, we will address the question of how physical education teacher education (PETE) matters and suggest one way to explore the potential impact of PETE. A distinguishing feature of the studies of PETE's impact on physical education is that they either include perspectives from preservice teachers involved in PETE courses or perspectives from physical education teachers in schools looking back at their education. Longitudinal attempts to follow preservice teachers’ journey from education to workplace, in order to grasp how they perceive the relation between teacher education and teaching practice in schools, and the transition between these contexts, are few and far between. This gap of knowledge is a missing piece of the puzzle to further develop PETE, and to inform life-long professional development for teachers. Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we develop and present a methodological approach for investigating the transition of content areas from courses in PETE into teaching practice in school physical education. Second, we will illustrate the potential utility of this methodological approach in longitudinal studies by showing how one particular content area, Assessment for Learning (AfL), was investigated through the use of methods and theories described in the first part of this paper. Methodology The suggested longitudinal approach involves Stimulated Recall (SR) interviews with pre- and postservice teachers, observations and communication with groups of students and teachers through social media. The construction, recontextualisation and realisation of pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are suggested to be analysed through a combination of Bernstein's concept of the pedagogic device and Ball's concept of fabrication. Results and Conclusions The longitudinal design and the suggested methodology can provide answers to how content areas are transformed in and between PETE and school physical education. A combination of the theoretical perspectives of Bernstein and Ball enables us to say something not only about how pedagogic discourses regarding content areas are constructed, recontextualised and realised in PETE and school physical education, but also about what content areas become in terms of fabrications in the transition between these contexts. To conclude, we argue that the methodological research design can be used to explore different content areas in PETE and that this methodology can contribute to knowledge about how PETE matters for school physical education.

An effective approach to detect the source(s) of out-of-control signals in productive processes by vector error correction (VEC) residual and Hotelling’s T2 decomposition techniques

One of the biggest challenges in the industrial sector is to simultaneously control quality characteristics. Multivariate control charts (MCC) are an efficient method to detect process variability, although they cannot signal the source responsible for variability to cause target deviation, especially in the presence of serial autocorrelation. Thus, this study proposes an approach to point out the source of variability of the process based on the vector error correction (VEC) residual and Hotelling’s T2 decomposition technique. The Design Research Methodology (DRM) was used to guide this study, and the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach were analyzed using simulated and real data from an extrusion machine operation, being: pressure (Pr), heating power (Hp), and temperature (Tp). Each of the monitored variables has 763 observations measured every 10 min of operation. An outlier was incorporated into each of the three variables: Pr - observation 91, Hp - observation 473, and Tp - observation 352. A VEC (3) model was fit and the residuals were plotted on a Hotelling’s T2 chart, which pointed the intentionally incorporated outliers. The Hotelling’s T2 decomposition of observation 91 showed thatT(Pr)2 = 14.4053 > 9.9187, and the variable Pr contributed significantly to the outlier. The variable Tp was identified as the source of variability for outlier 352 (p-value = 0.002). For observation 473, T(Hp)2=11.7202 > 9.9187; that is, Hp contributed significantly to the out-of-control point. Hotelling’s T2 chart was based on the VEC residual accurately identified the outliers, and the Hotelling’s T2 decomposition technique could identify the source of process variability.

Online Gamified Learning to Enhance Teachers’ Competencies Using Classcraft

Every English language teacher should be competent enough to serve as a model of reference for students. As stipulated by the Roadmap 2015–2025, Ministry of Education, Malaysia, teachers need a minimum CEFR Level C1 qualification to teach English language at all levels. This poses a need for teachers who have not achieved this minimum requirement to re-skill and upskill themselves to the minimum competency level. Past studies have indicated that online gamification techniques have increased teacher competency levels. However, there has been a lack of studies that have investigated teachers’ language-teaching/learning competencies using online gamified learning. As such, this study aims to address this problem using experiential learning techniques on an online gamified platform, Classcraft. The online gamified learning module was developed using the Design and Development Research (DDR) methodology, and was conducted in the five-phase ADDIE Model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). This paper seeks to brief the reader on the design and development process of this online gamified learning using Classcraft. The findings of the design phase were derived through the Fuzzy Delphi technique to acquire the experts’ consensus on the content of the module, and the appropriate gamification elements which ought to be included in the development of the module. The findings of the development phase, as agreed by expert consensus, were used to develop the online gamified learning module. Thus, the findings portrayed the enhancement of the competencies of the English Language teachers who used this online gamified learning with the integration of Classcraft.

Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale: Turkish Validity and Reliability Study

Sexuality, which can be the cause or result of health problems, changes dimension in old age and continues until the 80s. The fact that healthcare professionals have information about the sexual lives of the elderly can give an important clue about their general health status. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Aging Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Scale (ASKAS) in Turkish. The sample of the study, which was carried out with a methodological research design, consisted of a total of 616 students studying at different departments of a state university's health sciences faculty. The data of the study were collected between April and May 2020 using the Internet-based data collection technique, the Personal Information Form, and ASKAS. As a result of the factor analysis made for ASKAS, a single factor structure that explains 34.31% of the total variance was obtained. The mean score obtained from the scale is 40.18 ± .20.14; internal consistency coefficient 0.905; The item-total correlation coefficient was found to vary between 0.316 and 0.676. In addition, the Spearman-Brown, Guttman split-half and Cronbach α reliability coefficients, which were performed to calculate the two-half test reliability coefficient of the scale, were found to be sufficient. Turkish adaptation of ASKAS which is a tool that can be used to determine sexual attitudes in old age, can be applied easily, has sufficient internal reliability and validity.

Tackling the challenge of treating obesity using design research methods: A scoping review

Design research methods, including user-centered design, human-centered design, and design thinking, are iterative processes and frameworks that engage stakeholders to inform the design of initiatives, programs, or research interventions. Design research methods are not yet widely applied in healthcare. To date, there is a limited understanding of how design research methodologies can be applied to develop client-centered weight loss interventions. This scoping review explores the extent, range, and nature of research projects that used design research methods to guide the development of an obesity treatment intervention. A systematic search of eight databases identified projects that used design research methods to develop a weight loss intervention or strategy. The method and practical application of design research processes for each eligible article were extracted and explored. Design research methods were used to generate ideas or guide the development of a mobile application (n = 6), mHealth device (n = 1), eHealth solution (n = 1), health promotion program (n = 1), or patient-clinician communication tools (n = 2). There was considerable variation in the application of design research processes between studies. Design research methods may provide an iterative, flexible framework to facilitate the development of client-centered, inclusive interventions and strategies. Design research methods may support research teams to move away from the one-size-fits-all approach to obesity treatment.

Governance Practice Implementation on Education for Sustainable Development in Host Universities’ Regional Centres of Expertise, Kenya

Institutional management refers to the effective running of different programmes and activities of an institution. This study sought to assess governance practice implementation on education for sustainable development (ESD) in host universities’ Regional Centres of Expertise (RCE) in Kenya. The study employed mixed methodology and concurrent model of triangulation and descriptive survey research design to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The target population was from 8 acknowledged RCEs in Kenya. This included 8 RCE coordinators, 270 lecturers conversant with ESD and 150 representatives of partner institutions making a total of 428 respondents. Purposive and simple random sampling was used to come up with the study sample of 93 respondents comprising of of 3 RCE coordinators, 60 lecturers, and 30 representatives of partner institutions. Research tools used were open and close-ended questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis checklist. Quantitative data was analysed descriptively using SPSS version 23 and presented using tables, frequencies, percentages and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Qualitative data was thematically analysed and presented verbatim and as narratives using MS Word. Mixing and interpretation of data was then done. The study established that despite numerous challenges, RCE host universities had implemented RCE governance practice on ESD through establishment of governance structures and appointment of coordinators. Financial and infrastructural resources were found to be a main challenge in implementation of governance practice on ESD. Anticipated beneficiaries of the study findings and conclusion include the management of RCE host universities, RCE coordinators, Ministry of education and County governments. The study recommended that host universities in Regional Centres of Expertise should initiate innovative methods of raising funds from both government and private sectors to establish a funding mechanism for ESD activities and programs in the RCEs. The appointment of RCE coordinators needs to be removed from the host university Vice Chancellors and a committee of partner representatives tasked with the appointment.

PLM support for design platforms in industrialized house-building

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to support the customization ability for industrial house building companies striving to offer individualized products but with a strategy which includes a production facility. This is accomplished by analyzing the as-is state in terms of existing engineering assets and by proposing a to-be state using the design platform and product lifecycle management (PLM) support.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on design research methodology and collected data are in-depth interviews, document reviews and workshops and method development. The theoretical baseline is product platforms and the design platform.FindingsThe analysis showed that despite use of a platform, inherent assets are disorganized. Still, the identified object-based engineering assets were possible to include in a conceptual proposal for better management, both in the process and product view, using an asset relationship matrix and a PLM system.Practical implicationsThe results should be applicable for industrial house building and off-site construction companies and offers an approach to identify and manage their assets and platforms which are crucial to stay competitive.Originality/valuePrevious research on design platforms has focused on engineer-to-order companies within the mechanical industry. The contribution of this paper lies in the application and support of the design platform for industrial house building and the introduction of PLM system support.

“What's the Brief?”

“What's the Brief?”

Multiple outcome interactions in healthcare systems: a participatory outcome mapping approach

Outcomes, which are the result state or condition from a process or intervention, are essential elements of healthcare system design and an important indicator of performance. They are included in well-known system analysis frameworks such as the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS) and Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA). However, fewer practical approaches exist for understanding and communicating interactions among healthcare outcomes. This study applies a novel mapping method as a practical approach to collect, aggregate and visualise interrelations among multiple healthcare outcomes. Graphic facilitation mapping sessions with eleven healthcare providers and ten patients with chronic conditions were conducted. Participants created outcome interrelationship maps following a six-step process. Two outcome-based network visualisations were synthesised using network analysis. This outcome-based approach advances how we frame healthcare systems, focussing on accommodating multiple stakeholders’ visions, understanding interrelations, and defining trade-offs. This practical approach may complement frameworks such as SEIPS and CWA. Practitioner summary: The presented outcome-based mapping approach can facilitate the understanding of outcomes as part of the interrelated healthcare system. The approach allows the discussion and integration of different stakeholders’ outcome priorities to identify critical elements and better inform the development or adaptation of healthcare systems. Abbreviations: SEIPS: engineering initiative for patient safety; CWA: cognitive work analysis; HFE: human factors and ergonomics; AH: abstraction hierarchy; POTS: postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome; DRM: design research methodology; FA2: forceAtlas2; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; NHS: National Health Service; UK: United Kingdom

Operational Risks Ascendancy on Water-Sanitation Infrastructure Investments in Kenya

The paper investigated the ascendancy of Operational risks on Water-Sanitation Infrastructure investments in Kenya. Deductive reasoning is used to put forward theories that are tested by means of fixed, predetermined research design and objective measures. The study adopts a mixed methodology research design where qualitative and quantitative research approaches are used to test the research hypotheses. From a target population of 127, Total Population Sampling (TPS) was adopted whereby the whole population was studied. Both descriptive and inferential analysis methods were employed in the analysis. The study results show that water service providers are hobbled by weak incentives for better performance, aging infrastructure, ineffective operations and maintenance, weak institutional capacity and little accountability to consumers. From the empirical evidence and conclusion, going forward Operational risks would be managed through Government enhanced role in absorbing risks aimed at a subsidy plan for investors in Water-Sanitation Infrastructure and strategic pricing through payment for environmental services meant to sustain projects.

Development and validation of educational video content, endorsing dietary adjustments among patients diagnosed with hypertension

ABSTRACT Hypertension is a disorder that needs to be kept in check, as it can lead to cardiovascular diseases, renal failure, and if left unmanaged, to loss of life. Laboratory investigations have revealed that lifestyle alterations, such as changes in the dietary routine, can serve to keep hypertension under control. Among the productive means, of promoting adjustments, in the diet of hypertension patients are educational videos. This study delves into the development and validation of educational videos, aimed at encouraging dietary adjustments among hypertension sufferers. The design and developmental research (DDR) methodology was harnessed for this investigation. The process comes with three phases: (I) content analysis, (II) design and development and (III) evaluation. The objectives, structure/presentation and relevance of the educational videos were scrutinized by way of the Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health. Generally, I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA for each domain met an acceptable content validity level, while several alterations were required for domain Objectives (S-CVI/Ave: 0.91, S-CVI/UA: 0.80) and Structure/Presentation (S-CVI/Ave: 0.93, S-CVI/UA: 0.60). However, no alterations were necessary for domain Relevance (S-CVI/Ave: 1.0, S-CVI/UA: 1.0). Given the abundance of existing educational videos on dietary management for hypertension, the creation of videos in this study and impartial evaluation of these materials would be advantageous for instructional purposes. This study demonstrated that the video content was valid and acknowledged by experts. This information would serve as a dependable and fact-verified means, for the management of hypertension, through dietary adjustments.

Implementation Of Modification Game Methods To Improve Breaststroke Swimming Skills

The breaststroke is a swimming style that is loved by everyone because it is so easy to do . The purpose of this study was to improve breaststroke swimming skills in the 2018/2019 physical education s tudy p rogram students through the application of the modified game method . The method used in this research is a classroom action research methodology research design by Kemmis and Mc.Taggart . he subjects in this study were 31 students of the PJKR study program who took the aquatic learning course II, the results of this study were from the initial test data that 8 students were in the complete category or about 26%, there was an increase in the first cycle, 20 students were included in the category. complete or about 65%, and in cycle II, there was a very large increase with 29 students in the complete category or around 94%, this research was in accordance with the set target, namely 90%. he conclusion of this study is that the application of the modified game method is effective in improving breaststroke swimming skills in physical education study program students class of 2018/2019

Using a collaborative zine to co-produce knowledge about location-based virtual reality experiences

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on a designed research methodology to distil existing research findings from an esrc/ahrc funded japan/uk network on location-based virtual reality experiences for children in order to generate new knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe structured co-production methodology was undertaken in three stages. These were: (1) a collaborative workshop which produced a series of collage narratives, (2) collaborating with a non-human entity in the form of a digital coded tool to reconfigure the workshop responses and mediate the hierarchy of roles, (3) the co-production of a zine as a collaborative reflection method, which shared via postal service enabled a dialogue and exchange of round Robin interventions by the network members.FindingsThe analysis of the data collected in this study highlighted five themes that could be used by other researchers on a wide range of projects. These were: (1) knowing through making, (2) the importance of process, (3) beyond linear representations, (4) agency of physical materials and (5) agency of digital code.Research limitations/implicationsThe context of the study being undertaken during the first phase of the global pandemic, revealed insight into a method of co-production that was undertaken under emergency remote working conditions. The knowledge generated from this can be applied to other research contexts such as working with researchers or participants across global borders without the need to travel.Originality/valueThe research provides an innovative rethinking of co-production methods in order to generate new knowledge from multidisciplinary and multimodal research.