Design Research Methodology Research Articles

Diyet Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği Türkçe Uyarlamasının Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması

The validity and reliability the Dieting Self-Efficiency Scale (DIET-SE) in Turkish as aimed. The study, using a methodological research design, was carried out with 475 participants at Uskudar University in the 2021-2022 academic year. Sociodemoghrafic questions, the Dieting Self-Efficiency Scale and the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale were applied through a structured questionnaire created in Google Forms. In the statistical analyses, internal consistency coefficient, factor analyzes and correlations were made with IBM SPSS26® software. In the pilot study of DÖYÖ conducted with 146 participants, Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.787, and it was determined that the scale had highly reliability and suitable for validity analysis without removing any items. In Explanatory Factor Analysis of main study, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin value was 0.907, sample size was super level sufficient, and Bartlett Sphericity Test was statistically significant at the level of χ2=1107.066 and p=0.000. Consequently, a 3-factor structure was revealed with factor loads >0.20 and eigenvalues >1, explaining 67.44% of total variance. In the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of study, the goodness of fit indices of 11-item version were RMSEA=0.022; CFI=0.997; GFI=0.992; NFI=0.981; SRMR=0.054; AGFI=0.987; χ2/df=1.126 so it was determined that showed sufficient fit. In the internal consistency analysis, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was found to be 0.900. The Turkish version of the Dieting Self-Efficiency Scale which can be used to measure dieting self-efficiency, has been shown to be valid and reliable in Turkish population.

Customer satisfaction of urban farming application services: “e-Buruan Sae”

This study evaluates the customer satisfaction model in adopting the Web 2.0-based e-Buruan Sae application. The e-Buruan Sae application is an interactive Web 2.0-based application used by the government and the people of Bandung City to manage urban farming activities. This research is quantitative correlational research and applies a research method based on Design Research Methodology (DRM). The stages of this research are the literature review stage with the output of research objectives, the initial empirical analysis stage with the outputs of the hypothesis and research model, the experimental stage for data collection, and the final empirical analysis stage with the output of the data analysis results. This study uses six variables to measure customer satisfaction: ease of use, service quality, interactivity, trust, customer satisfaction, and IT development. The results of empirical testing show that the ease of use and IT development variables do not affect the customer satisfaction variable. In contrast, the remaining variables have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. This research produces measurements to evaluate customer satisfaction on the Web 2.0-based urban farming application.

A metamodel for heritage-based urban recovery

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential transfer of a metamodel for heritage-based urban development (HBUD) in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario.Design/methodology/approachAfter an introduction to the field of cultural heritage as a resource for urban development, the research question is elaborated, and the current understanding of urban heritage is explored. The use of the metamodel in a postcrisis urban recovery setting is described as a potential solution. The proposed metamodel is introduced along with the grounded theory and design research methodology through which it was developed. The specific qualities of metamodels and how they can contribute to the proposed use are highlighted. The scenario is then developed further, and specific ways in which the metamodel could contribute are elaborated. Finally, the metamodel is compared to other methods, such as the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach, and the limitations are discussed.FindingsThe metamodel can potentially be used in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario. The metamodel cannot be used directly, owing to the nature of metamodels; however, it can be transferred to a specific context and help to structure successful heritage-based urban recovery (HBUR) processes.Practical limitations/implicationsOne limitation is that it can be difficult to understand the differences between models and metamodels. Only with a comprehensive understanding of the nature of metamodels can this metamodel be applied, for example, to select appropriate models for HBUR. The metamodel can help to ensure that all relevant ‘elements’ are part of the processes designed for HBUR and emphasise the need for thorough planning, or scoping, of such processes.Originality/valueMetamodelling has not previously been used for HBUD or HBUR.

Porter’s Generic Competitive Strategies, Alliance Partnerships and Firm Performance of Mobile Telephone Network Service Providers in Kenya

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate on focus strategy, partnership alliances and firm performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study used positivism research philosophy and descriptive research design methodology. The target population was all the 66 mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya. Primary data was gathered through use of structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression modeling was used to aid in data analysis.
 Findings: Descriptive analysis portrayed that the 61 mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya registered had increased returns with a composite score of 3.84. Hierarchical regression results portrayed that partnership alliances moderated the relationship between focus strategy and performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya as far as Equity Alliance component is concerned with (p value of .04) which is less than the critical value (.05). Franchises, Diagonal alliances, Focus Strategy, Vertical alliances, Joint Ventures, Equity alliances, and Horizontal alliances had no statistically significant moderating effect.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Generally, firms should consider partnership alliances as a conditional factor in the relationship between focus strategy and firm performance other than treating it as a pure predictor. Further, the management of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya should consider the extent to which individual components of partnership alliances moderate Porters’ competitive strategies to performance linkage. On the other hand, the current study is possibly the first of its kind in making distinct involvement of strategic management knowledge frontiers. This was achieved through harmonizing and endorsing the hypotheses of the three theories that while Porter’s generic differentiation strategy significantly influence performance of mobile telephone network service providers in Kenya, the moderating effect of alliance partnerships gives a more comprehensive explanation to management as to why many such firms prefer the alliance partnerships instead of an apparent increase in profitability caused by the porter’s strategic moves. That is, the Resource Based View Theory, syncretic paradigm theory and transaction cost theory have received an empirical support through this study for the theories are relevant to strategic decisions other than the Porters ones which affects the overall business objectives. Therefore, the three theories are significant to the current study since they alert managers to contrast in-house transaction costs with outdoor costs before choosing to execute inside or without. 

Perspectives of Educational Technology Teacher Educators: Mavericks, Champions, or Change Agents?

Teacher education programs struggle to infuse educational technology (edtec) throughout the curriculum. Edtec faculty can play several roles within the programmatic design of teacher education programs. The purpose of this study was to explore edtec faculty perspectives of technology infusion efforts within their preparation programs. Q methodology research design and factor analysis were used to examine data from Q sorts completed exclusively by edtec faculty members (N = 16). A Q set of 44 statements was used to explore their perspectives on value of technology for teaching and learning, confidence levels, educator preparation program design, and leadership support. Results revealed participants’ strong beliefs in the value of technology for teaching and learning, and their confidence in modeling technology integration. Participants loaded on two factors demonstrating that some held a broader view of educator preparation at their institutions and were more critical of programmatic structures and leadership support for candidate development. A question remains about the role of edtec faculty as they negotiate various opportunities and expectations within teacher education.

Teacher Support on Students' Attitude toward Research Writing

Discussions on research writing have always been associated with the teachers' role in influencing students' attitudes to pursue it. This study determined the teachers' role in students' attitudes toward research writing. This study was focused on the 124 Grade 12 students of Gingoog City Comprehensive National High School, Gingoog City, who took up Practical Research 2 subject using the mixed explanatory methodology research design. With descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis, the influence of teacher support on students' attitudes toward research writing was examined. The results revealed that students in their research writing experienced strong teacher support. Likewise, it was shown that teacher support directly impacts students' attitudes toward research. The study concluded that while other factors may affect students' attitudes toward research writing, the teacher factor was among the most significant. This further implies the need for teachers to provide students with holistic support, specifically instructional, to handle the subject effectively and sustain the students' interest in writing their papers.

The Psychometric Properties of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire (FoP-Q) for Cancer Patients in Iran.

Fear of progression or recurrence is assumed as a rational response to the threat of cancers and types of cancer treatment. However, the elevated levels of fear in cancer patients can become dysfunctional. Therefore, a valid and reliable questionnaire is unquestionably required for this purpose. This study aimed to translate the Fear of Progression Questionnaire and evaluate its psychometric properties for patients with gastrointestinal cancers in Iran. In this study with a methodological research design, a total number of 430 patients affected with gastrointestinal cancers referring to Northern Iran completed the 43-item Fear of Progression Questionnaire. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire were evaluated, including the face validity and content validity. Then construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Finally, the reliability was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and stability (intraclass correlation coefficient). Based on the result of the face and content validity, no items were revised and removed. The five extracted factors included were emotional response, employment, and loss of independence, economy/family, and coping. These factors explained 37% of the total variance of Fear of Progression Questionnaire. Reliability (by Cronbach's alpha) and stability (test retest was evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient) were more than 0.7. The study results revealed that the Persian version of the Fear of Progression Questionnaire had acceptable reliability and validity for cancer patients in Iran. Emotional responses explained the most variance of the concept of fear of progression among cancer patients.

Least Privilege across People, Process, and Technology: Endpoint Security Framework

ABSTRACT A common target of cyberattacks today is the vulnerable endpoint device, which can be exploited by hackers to gain access into an organization. This paper presents a theoretical framework for addressing endpoint security by leveraging the principle of least privilege across the overlapping domains of people, process, and technology in organizations. The framework emphasizes nine key elements to endpoint security with associated policy statements designed to promote an organizational culture favorable to least privilege thinking. Leveraging an action design research methodology, we integrated the proposed managerial tool in an organization and incorporated feedback from industry professionals to evaluate it and to generate ideas for the development of a commercial endpoint security application. As a contribution, this framework is one of the first scholarly efforts to apply the principle of least privilege to endpoint security which can be valuable to cybersecurity consultants and academics.

Innovation Driven by Cooperation of Startups and SME

With rising need for innovation within a complex and dynamic world, cooperation between complementary partners offers potential to create competitive advantage. Early-stage start-ups and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can exploit opportunities by cooperating early and jointly developing new innovation. Despite research into cooperation between established start-ups and SMEs existing, there is no specific concept or support options for cooperation in an early stage. Intermediaries are named as a helpful support option; however specific tasks are not analysed. This research provides insight into various support options in the context of cooperation between early phase start-ups and the German “Mittelstand”. Within the framework of the Design Research Methodology (DRM) the results of a literature research and qualitative interviews are presented in a Reference and Impact Model, which show the need for support in the cooperation of start-ups and SMEs. Based on the findings, a four-phased cooperation process is proposed, which includes support possibilities in each individual phase. A comprehensive evaluation plan in the context of practical application completes this work. Keywords: innovation management, cooperation support, cooperation process, early-stage start-ups, open innovation

THE BRAZILIAN ARMY’S CONCEPT OF TRANSFORMATION: TECHNOLOGY AND MILITARY CHANGE

Since the National Defense Strategy (NDS) publication, the Brazilian Army has sought to respond to the challenges of raising its standards to those of the Knowledge Age. BRAÇO FORTE Strategy, PROFORÇA, and the Army's Strategic Projects are examples of necessary steps towards the desired military change. However, does the Army's concept of Transformation express an understanding of Military Transformation, or does it fall into the trap of technological determinism? Our hypothesis states that possible failures of the Army's Force Project are a product of a reductionist understanding of Transformation. Despite using the term Transformation, the assumptions that support the Army's Transformation process predominantly imply improving what it already does. Excepting projects such as Cyber Defense, SISFRON, and ASTROS 2020, modernization is more present than Transformation as military change. The paper used a Case Study research design methodology. Qualitative sources such as documents from the Ministry of Defense and the Brazilian Army were analyzed using a document analysis strategy named internal comparison criteria.

From Technology to a Business Offer: An Approach based on Design Innovation towards a workaid for Technologists as Startup Entrepreneurs

Technology has a critical role to play in fulfilling a certain human need. But technologists often look for guidance to take the technology to market. This is where a perspective through Design Innovation can aid to convert the technology into a Business Offer, which is the first step for the technologists as Startup Entrepreneurs to go to market.Design Innovation is at the core of the intersecting dimensions of human desirability, technological feasibility, and financial viability. It is harnessed through the practice of creativity based Design extending to Innovation. Design Innovation addresses the entire realm of technology intervention fulfilling a human need through the respective business offer.By introducing the perspective on Design Innovation, it provides for the required guidance and approach for technologists, as they endeavor to go to market as Startup Entrepreneurs. This paper is about developing this approach based on Design Innovation, in adherence with Design Research Methodology.

Fraud Prevention Strategies: An Integrative Approach on the Role of Forensic Accounting

This study examined the role that forensic accounting play in aiding the success of fraud prevention strategies in combating frauds at both corporate and national levels. The study adopted the exploratory research design methodology involving extensive review of published articles, periodicals and other materials relevant to the subject matter. The study found that while the use and deployment of forensic accounting tools and techniques have made appreciable progress in the developed world, its appreciation and usage in emerging economies is still at the embryonic stage due to lack of political will, poor ethical tone set by management and dearth of skilled forensic accounting professionals. It therefore recommended that to ensure sustainable success of fraud prevention strategies, management of both public sector and corporate entities should demonstrate the needed political will and set the right ethical tone at the top through their actions and activities. Similarly, efforts should be made to continually upskill anti-fraud staffs (internal audit, forensic accountants, forensic investigators) through trainings and awareness programs on the latest fraud prevention methodologies. Also, that in view of the rising cases of cybercrimes, nation states should urgently consider the signing and implementation of legal treaties and frameworks to combat the scourge.

Measuring the Adoption of Circular Economy in Manufacturing Companies: the Proposal of the Overall Circularity Effectiveness (OCE) Index

Circular economy (CE) has emerged as a strong contender for illuminating the path toward sustainability. Although companies are seen as the most important agents of change, the definition of goals and indicators for assessing the adoption of CE at the company level is still in the early phases. A company that wants to contribute to the CE, whether due to the ambition of the stakeholders or legal requirements, needs to understand what is really within its responsibilities and sphere of influence. However, measuring and evaluating the performance of circularity is still not a common practice in companies. In this context, this paper presents the development of the Overall Circularity Effectiveness (OCE) index to assess the circularity level of manufacturing companies by analyzing inputs and outputs. The index was developed following the design research methodology (DRM) with interactions between theory and practice, based on literature review, survey with companies, development, testing, and evaluation with companies. The paper also presents an application of the proposed index into a case study and discusses its usability and usefulness, comparing it with the existing company-level CE measurement approaches. The OCE was constructed to be simple to understand, practical to calculate through quantitative measures, relevant to the CE context, and generic to be applied in any type or size of manufacturing company. Although the index was developed to be used by any manufacturing company, it was applied in only four companies and all with material from the technical cycle.

간호학 학사학위 프로그램 학습성과 평가체계 개발

Purpose : This study was conducted to develop an program outcome evaluation system for the Utilizing Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the Latest Health-Care Technology, required for nursing education accreditation. With respect to the accreditation criterion on program outcomes, it is necessary to understand the relationship between nursing education objectives, curriculum, and assessment. Methods : A methodological research design was adopted. To ensure the theoretical validity of the program outcome evaluation system, it was verified against the learning objectives of nursing education programs and a domestic literature review in Korea. The program outcome evaluation system for the Utilizing Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and the Latest Health-Care Technology Program outcome evaluation system, based on the Kim & Park’s developmental model (2008), was then developed. Results : The program outcome evaluation system was established, including implementation level, educational curriculum, performance level, evaluation method, rubrics, and closing-the-loop processes. Conclusion : The finalized program outcome evaluation system can be actively used in nursing education and contribute to enhancing the competency of nursing students and graduates in utilizing ICT and health-care technology.

To Study the Importance of HR Analytics Practice for SMEs in NCR Region

HR Analytics play a crucial role and responsible for and assisting in solving HR related issues, ensuring these adhere to the organizations policies and objectives. The study aims to identify the application of HR analytics in human resource practices and also in addition to it to examine the employee satisfaction with HR Analytics. This study adopts Simple Random Sampling method as a research methodology and descriptive research design as a research design. Also adopts different data collection techniques like past records, questionnaires, interviews, observations, etc. The findings reveal that HR analytics increases employment, fastens decision making, improves productivity and so on. The last but not least this study brings clarity over the conceptualization of HR analytics by offering a comprehensive definition. Additionally, it facilitates business and HR leaders in making informed decisions on adopting and implementing HR Analytics. Moreover, it assists HR researchers in positioning their paper more explicitly in current debates and encouraging them to develop some future avenues of research departing from some questions posed.

Supporting the Development of Gendered Energy Innovations for Informal Urban Settlements: GENS Codesign Toolkit for Multistakeholder Collaboration

There is still little knowledge about the link between gender mainstreaming and energy security in informal urban settlements and there is limited design support to address this linkage. This paper presents the development and evaluation of the Gender for Energy Security (GENS) codesign toolkit, which was made to facilitate the design of gendered energy innovations for informal urban settlements. The toolkit was developed by applying the Design Research Methodology (DRM) and is grounded in the findings of a literature review, semi-structured interviews and ethnographic fieldwork in two informal urban settlements. The toolkit aimed to support codesign processes by providing its users with knowledge about the gendered energy scene in informal urban settlements and facilitating idea generation for gendered urban energy innovations. The evaluation of the GENS codesign toolkit was conducted during a one-day multistakeholder codesign workshop in Nairobi, Kenya. During the testing, we found that the toolkit was successful in facilitating energetic discussions, helping its users to learn about the gender–energy nexus in informal urban settlements and generate original ideas for gendered energy innovations. The toolkit is an addition to the current tools, handbooks and manuals on mainstreaming gender in the energy sector, with a unique focus on informal urban settlements and supporting idea generation.

Research and Implementation of Sports Entity Simulation Based on Heterogeneous Binocular Vision

To study the value of heterogeneous binocular vision in the detection of sports targets, a Zynq-based joint software and hardware design method is proposed, and a mobile object detection system for binocular vision is developed based on it. This paper introduces the relevant technologies and theories used in the system design. First, the basic principles and various modules of the binocular stereo vision process are introduced, including camera tuning, stereo correction, stereo tuning, and telescope stereo vision. Based on the depth information, a method to detect and measure motor targets was developed. Finally, combined with the improved mobile target detection algorithm, the real-time methodology research and algorithm design to determine the target range are completed. The performance of the moving target detection system based on binocular stereo vision and the moving target detection and ranging algorithm are tested and analyzed. We know that the front and rear width of the moving target (the person tested in this paper) is at least 10 cm, while the error value of the ranging algorithm in this paper is within 6 meters, and the average error is less than 10 cm. According to the characteristics of binocular stereo vision, the farther the viewing angle is, the smaller the parallax value of the left and right image pixels will be. Therefore, the insignificant change of depth information will bring some errors to the ranging algorithm. The greater the measurement error is, the lower the percentage deviation of the measurement result is within 2%. It also shows that the target ranging algorithm in this paper can ensure good accuracy within a certain distance. Through this method, we can obtain the accurate data of moving objects in sports competition, so as to improve the training method of athletes and improve the competition results.

Research, Design, Action: The Story of a City’s Identity

Beirut Identity is a humanitarian Competition that was initiated to support the Lebanese community after the explosion in the port of Beirut that occurred on August 4th, 2020. Action Design Research (ADR) methodology combined with entrepreneurship education were used as the main drivers to generate real-life impactful projects for the Lebanese community. This Competition reflects my own ‘out of the mainstream’ career trajectory and my vision to create purposeful community projects combining design with actionable knowledge. Beirut Identity raised awareness of the destruction caused by Beirut’s port explosion and invited winning participants to implement their projects with Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO). Supported by a global multi-disciplinary team of co-organisers and participants, the Beirut’s Identity methodology led to the launch of the Citi-Zen-s In Crisis Competition in 2021, regenerating a flow of innovation to help other communities in crisis. This paper will discuss how the action design research methodology that was applied in the Beirut Identity Competition directed participants to design impactful community projects to help rebuild the identity of a disaster zone.

Factor Structure of an ICF-Based Measure of Activity and Participations for Adults in Taiwan's Disability Eligibility Determination System.

To assess activity and participation for adults in Taiwan's Disability Eligibility Determination System (DEDS), we developed a measure, the Functioning Disability Evaluation Scale—Adult version (FUNDES-Adult), based on the 36-item interviewer-administered version of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structures of performance and capability dimensions of the FUNDES-Adult. This study followed a methodology research design to investigate the construct validity of the two dimensions of the FUNDES-Adult. Two samples were randomly stratified from the databank of adults with disabilities to examine structural validity by the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (n = 8,730, mean age of 52.9 ± 16.81) and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (n = 500, mean age of 54.3 ± 16.81). The results demonstrated that the EFA yielded 5-factor structures for both performance dimension (73.5% variance explained) and capability dimension (75.9% variance explained). The CFA indicated that the second-order factor structures of both dimensions were more parsimonious with adequate fit indices (GFI, NFI, CFI, and TLI ≥ 0.95, RMSEA < 0.09). The results of this study provide evidence that the FUNDES-Adult has acceptable structural validity for use in Taiwan's DEDS. Utility of the FUNDES-Adult in rehabilitation, employment, welfare, and long-term care services needs further study.

Perspectives on Contributing Factors to Rape in the Selected Areas of Mankweng, South Africa

Rape has always been a thorny issue in out postmodern society and South Africa has been confirmed to be the rape capital of the world. Our current society has overlooked, normalised, and made rape invisible due to our societal norms relating gender and culture connotations. The objective of the study was to explore the perceptions of community members on contributing factors to rape in the selected areas of Mankweng. This qualitative study employed the ‘Qualitative’ [Q]-methodology research design, supported by the exploratory research design for the explorations of community members’ perceptions on contributing factors to rape in selected areas of Mankweng. About Thirty (30) participants were purposively selected to form part of the Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). The findings of this study showcased that the contributory factors to rape incidences in the Mankweng policing areas can be categorised under these Three (03) themes: 1) Structural, 2) Socio-cultural, and; 3) Economic factors. These factors increase chances of women being raped. Therefore, primary preventative interventions should be more focused on re-building women’s status in societies and implementing programmes to educate them about rape and the National government and Non-Governmental Programmes (NPOs) should aim at promoting both social and economic empowerment of young women, focusing on financing their intended projects to encourage their independency and avoid over reliance to man. The monthly programmes and awareness campaigns should be hosted to educate community members about the contributory factors to rape and related consequences thereof, as well as effective preventative measures.