Methods Research Design Research Articles

Contribution of Tourism Investments and their Impact on the Local Economies of Kenya: A Case Study of Nakuru County

Tourism development stimulates growth by attracting foreign direct investment and building new facilities and partnerships. This study sought to establish the contribution of hospitality and tourism investments to the local economy of Kenya, taking Nakuru County as a case study. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design, accommodating qualitative and quantitative methods; both primary and secondary data. Purposive sampling was used to select 51 out of 151 tourism and hospitality investments in the study area. Secondary data were obtained from tourism and hospitality published and unpublished reports from government and non-governmental organisations. Quantitative data were analysed through descriptive statistics, content and regression analyses. Salaries of staff, park entry fees, and curio shops constituted 2%, 21.3% and 0.5%, respectively, of the total revenue generated in the study area. Regression analysis results indicate that tourism investment accounted for a 36.6% improvement in the economy, as shown by the values [R Square=0.366, F (1, 151) = 87.311, p<0.05]. Tourism and hospitality investments contributed Kshs 10.12 billion, which was 54% of Nakuru County's gross domestic product, showing that tourism and hospitality investments contribute significantly to the local economy and, by extension, to the country’s economy

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) Approach to Material on the Characteristics of Two-Dimentional Figures Using the Reog Ponorogo Performance in Elementary Schools

: It is critical to approach mathematical education correctly. This is because many students believe math is a tough subject to learn. This problem arises because many teachers teach mathematics in abstract terms. This is a qualitative descriptive study using Graveimeiijeir's design research method. The research was designed to prove the truth of the allegations made in the learning trajectory or HLT (Hypothetical Learning Trajectory) and their impact on students' understanding by applying the RME (Realistic Mathematics Education) approach to the material on the characteristics of two-dimensional figures, with Reog Ponorogo performance media and worksheet serving as a guide for student activities. This study was conducted on class 3B students at MI Ma'arif Darul Ulum Pondok. The research topic is a 6-student group in a classroom. The research stages included preparation, execution in the classroom, and data analysis. Based on this research, it can be seen that the stages of learning activities using the RME approach are based on the stages contained in the iceberg theory, namely, stages of real-world situations (situations), models that describe problem situations (model of), models for solving problems (model for), and formal mathematics stages using Reog Ponorogo performance media can make it easier for students to understand material regarding the characteristics of two-dimensional figures.

Online poetry writing at school – comparing lower secondary students’ experiences between individual and collaborative poetry writing

IntroductionThis study investigates how seventh-grade students experience online collaborative writing, its support in writing poems, and how collaboratively and individually written poems differ.MethodsThe educational design research method was used in this mixed-methods study, which was conducted in natural classroom settings to investigate students’ individual and collaborative poetry writing.ResultsThe quantitative analysis of questionnaires and qualitative thematic analysis of postexperimental interviews show that the students enjoyed collaborative writing more and found it more accessible than individual writing. They experienced that it supported them in writing better poems and increased their writing confidence. They also appreciated the support of teamwork, although individual writing gave them more liberty to explore various aspects of poetry and express their feelings.DiscussionFrom a pedagogical point of view, the students need to be provided with opportunities for collaborative poetry writing to make the writing process easier and more enjoyable. Online collaborative writing supports the process of poetry writing.

The Level of Importance of the Four P’s by the Customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron Stations in General Santos City

Consumer-centric companies focus their resources on developing products and establishing strategies that satisfy customers’ needs and wants. The efforts involved in determining customers’ desires require rigorous analysis because of customers’ heterogeneity. Cost leadership, one of the three generic competitive strategies, aims to increase profit by reducing the cost of production and offering a competitively priced product. This strategy is effective in maximizing the limited resources of the company. In relation to the three generic competitive strategies, there are factors that affect customers’ decisions. The factors that affect customers’ preferences are location, brand, behavior, values, product attributes, quality, price, promotion, and perception. This study focused on the four significant factors, which are the Four Ps: product, price, place, and promotion. Respondents, who are customers of Shell, Petron, and Chevron fuel stations in General Santos City, evaluated the level of importance of the Four Ps. A sample size of 120 respondents was chosen to answer the validated questionnaires. A descriptive-quantitative research design and stratified sampling methods were applied in the study. Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS were the software used to analyze and interpret the data. The findings indicate that the place factor and the promotion factor, among the four factors, have the highest and lowest means, respectively. According to the respondents, price information and brand are very important, since they have the highest mean in price and product factors. The analysis of the Kruskal-Wallis H Test indicates that there are no significant differences in the level of importance of the four Ps among Shell, Petron, and Chevron stations in General Santos City as evaluated by the respondents.

Effectiveness of Food Processing Instructional Videos (Food Pro I-Vid) In Enhancing the Performance of Grade 9 TLE Learners

This research determined the effectiveness of developed instructional videos in enhancing the performance of the learners. This study utilized quasi-experimental research design and match pairing method. The participants were grouped into control and experimental groups where each group has 30 students. Pre-test results revealed that the two groups of respondents had the same mean scores while on the posttest mean scores, the experimental group had a higher mean score than the comparison group. For the formative test mean scores of the two groups of respondents, it showed that there was a significant difference between the formative mean scores of the experimental and comparison groups. It revealed that there was a significant difference between the posttest mean scores of the experimental and comparison groups. The test of difference between the pretest and posttest means scores of both the experimental and comparison groups showed that there was a highly significant difference between the results of pretests and posttests on both experimental and comparison groups. The results showed a significant difference between the performance of the two groups of respondents. Hence this Food Pro I-Vid is an effective tool to enhance the teaching and learning among the students in TLE.

OPTIMIZING VISITATION SERVICES: A CASE STUDY OF FEMALES DORMOF URDANETA DISTRICT JAIL

Jail visitation services lies in recognizing the inherent value of human connection, support, and accountability in promoting rehabilitation, maintaining human rights, and fostering successful reintegration into society for incarcerated individuals. This study focused on the assessment of the visitation services offered at the Womens Dorm of Urdaneta District Jail.The study made use of mixed method of quantitative and qualitative descriptive research design among the 27 Person Deprived of Liberty in Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm. The research findings suggest that the visitation services at Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm are highly satisfactory, with an overall rating of 3.74, indicating a high level of contentment among female Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs). This underscores the exceptional quality of visitation services provided by the jail, attributed to the provision of basic and exemplary services aimed at ensuring the well-being of PDLs and their families. Despite this overall satisfaction, specific areas for improvement have been identified. The E-dalaw area received the lowest mean rating of 3.41, indicating a need for enhancement in its equipment and facilities. Additionally, concerns related to sudden visitation cancellations, vaccination requirements for children visitors, and ventilation in the visitation area highlight key challenges that require attention to further optimize the visitation experience for both PDLs and their families. Addressing these issues will contribute to maintaining and enhancing the high standard of visitation services offered by Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm.By addressing these challenges, Urdaneta District Jail Female Dorm can continue to uphold its reputation for exceptional visitation services while fostering a supportive environment for rehabilitation and reintegration.

ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN THE LAST 5 YEARS IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KAYUNGA DISTRICT IN UGANDA. A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY.

Background: Academic achievement can be defined as excellence in all academic disciplines, in class as well as extracurricular activities. It includes excellence in sports, behavior, confidence, communication skills, punctuality, assertiveness, Arts, Culture, and the like. The study aims to analyze the student’s academic performance in the last 5 years in selected secondary schools of Kayunga district in Uganda. Methodology: In this study, the researcher used a descriptive survey design, used both qualitative and quantitative research methods. study population of 211 respondents included the DEO, head teachers, teachers, and Students. Results: 60% of the headteachers strongly disagreed that Schools in our district have been ranked among the top schools in the country in terms of academic performance.100% of the headteachers disagreed that there have been few students scoring Division 9 in most secondary schools for the past 10 years. 78% of the teachers disagreed that schools have had very many numbers of students scoring Division 1 for the past 5 years. 88% of the students disagreed that most students who complete the Advanced level have had a chance of obtaining government sponsorships in different public universities. Conclusion: Schools in Kayunga district have had very few numbers of students scoring Division 1 for the past 5 years; many students were scoring Division 9 in most secondary schools for the past 10 years; schools in the district have been ranked among the least performing schools in the country in terms of academic performance. Recommendation: School managers should adverse means to improve academic performance, especially poor grades. For example, staff motivation, student motivation, remedial teaching, and constant supervision.

Stumbling blocks of teachers while supporting the learning of students: Observations from case study research

Teachers can influence the learning of students to a greater extent if encounter manageable challenges whereas they are often trapped with situations that reduce their teaching efficacy to a bare minimum. They fail to address their students' academic and non-academic needs because they fail to notice the expressed needs. This situation stimulates the researcher to explore the challenges encountered by the teachers to support the learning of students. The study employed a qualitative research design and case study method was used to explore the perspectives of the participants. The research population consisted of school administrators, school teachers, and students at secondary schools. Purposive sampling technique was used to choose the sample against the predefined criteria. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, field notes, and notes from document analysis. Triangulation of the collected data resulted in the development of three themes namely extensive subject outline, managing exceptional and behavioural responses. The findings showed that the teachers are experiencing many challenges such as lengthy syllabi, overcrowded classrooms, demanding assessment structures, additional academic responsibilities, and students’ behavioural issues and this is affecting their ability to positively influence the learning of their students. The study suggests that teachers should use their critical thinking skills to analyze their personal and professional challenges and find ways to resolve these issues resulting in creating supportive learning structures in schools for students, and teaching culture for teachers. This study will help school administration understand the barriers faced by teachers in schools and help them find suitable solutions to provide a supportive teaching and learning environment for teachers and students.

How to Validate Consumer Self-Actualization or Narcissism through Social Media Services??

This research takes the perspective of tour and travel service companies in providing services through consumer self-actualization behavior or narcissism and adopts Maslow's hierarchy of needs framework to capture motivational intentions (Pincus, 2023). Researchers believe the findings of this research can provide insight for tour and travel service companies to strategy (1) Validate consumers' self-actualization needs or narcissism through satisfying social media services and the use of social media, (2) Create social media platforms to support operational needs and provide online service. This research uses a simple research design method with triangulation theory. Qualitative research (Rofiah & Bungin, 2021) with a phenomenological approach. The research locus was located at an East Java tour & travel company. The focus of this research was conducted on: 10 tour & travel company owners in East Java. The data analysis technique used is Manual Data Analysis Procedure (MDAP) by Rofiah, (2022), from the results of interviews accompanied by triangulation of sources, methods and theories it was found that to validate tour and travel consumers there are 3 important things that must be done by tour and travel companies : (1) Marketing Objectives (Geographic Segmentation, Psychographic Segmentation, Determining the Size of Market Segments, Suitability and Suitability, Adjusted to Market Demand, Demographic Segmentation, Behavioral Segmentation, Potential from Competitors, Brand Positioning/Company name); (2) Marketing Logic (Flexible Services Offered, Different Service Products, Prices Taking Market Prices into Account, Staged Payment System, Human Resources Based on Generations, Varied Products and Services, Offering a Guarantee System, Discounts/Rebates, Good Employee Attitudes ); (3) Promotion (Strategic Location, Easy Ordering Process, Dividing Marketing Team Based on Generation, Prioritizing Consumer Convenience, Online and Offline Promotion, Giving Door Prizes, Establishing Good Communication/Relationships, Following Trends/Something Viral)

THE CORRELATION OF FAMILY SUPPORT WITH THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY OF PRIMIGRAVIDA PREGNANT WOMEN IN FACING LABOR

Introduction Anxiety in pregnant women is a common psychological condition where mothers feel anxious, restless, or worried about pregnancy, childbirth, or their future as a mother. This anxiety can be caused by various factors, including hormonal changes, physical changes that occur during pregnancy, uncertainty about the birthing process, feelings of not being ready to become parents, and concerns about the health of the baby and oneself. The purpose of this study is to examine the connection between primigravida pregnant women's anxiety levels and their amount of support from their families when it comes to giving birth. Method :This research design method uses a cross-sectional design. The population in this study was 75 third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. The total sample was 56 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The sample was determined based on inclusion criteria, namely pregnant women who were willing to be respondents and pregnant women in the third trimester without complications. The analysis test used uses Spearman rho correlation. Result Analysis test results using Spearman rho correlation show a correlation value (r) = 0.716 with a p value of 0.000, where p < α (α = 0.05). This means that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. The results of this study can be concluded that family support is correlated with the level of anxiety of primigravida pregnant women. Based on this research, it is recommended that families can provide family support to primigravida pregnant women before delivery. Conclusion : the majority of primigravida pregnant women receive high family support and have mild levels of anxiety.

Pengaruh Penerapan Ice Breaking Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen Dan Budi Pekerti Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio Kabupaten Samosir Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of implementing Ice Breaking on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VII students at SMP Negeri 1 Sitio Tio, Samosir Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. The method in this research is a pre-experimental design research method in the form of "One Shot Case Study". The population is all class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Sitio-tio Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year, totaling 105 people and a sample of 35 people was determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 31 items, namely 15 items for variable Samosir Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year is known based on: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained by the value rxy = 0.580 > rtable(=0.05,n=35) = 0.334. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained tcount= 4.090 > ttable(=0.05, dk=n-2=33)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="36.05"+0.71X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 33.6%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=15, dk denominator=n-2=35-2=33) namely 16.70 > 2.01. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

Hypothetical Learning Trajectory Through the Problem-Based Learning in Junior High School Students

The purpose of this study was to determine the hypothetical learning trajectory through a problem-based learning model to class VIII junior high school students. Learning mathematics requires a meaningful process and that process cannot be obtained in a relatively short time because it requires good preparation in conveying mathematical concepts to students. The preparation is designed according to the characteristics of students so that the delivery of the material goes well as expected. The preparation referred to in this case is to design a good hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) according to the needs and subject matter. Hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) is a temporary hypothesis about students’ activities in the learning process on certain materials. This study uses a design research method with stages referring to Plomp (2013) which consists of three phases including (1) preliminary research; (2) development or prototyping phase; and (3) assessment phase. However, in this research, it is only in the first phase, namely preliminary research. In designing the HLT, it is based on a problem-based learning model which has five stages in each process. The instrument used in this study was a teacher and student interview sheet. The results obtained are the HLT design on linear equation material that is adjusted to the stages in the problem-based learning model. The results obtained from this study can be used as an initial reference for mathematics teachers in designing learning material for linear equations that are in accordance with the real context of students. Keywords: Learning Trajectory, Problem-Based Learning, Junior High Students

Application of artificial intelligence as a knowledge creation instrument in tax procedures

This study set out to find whether deep learning algorithms neural networks and self-organizing maps could be utilized in a value-adding way in the Finnish Tax Administration in the handling of income tax related claims by limited liability companies. According to research positive outcomes in artificial intelligence (AI) utilization have been attained outside Finland. The research was carried out according to the action design research method in which the focus of the research is concurrently building a suitable artifact for the organization and learning (design principles) from the creation and intervention itself. Research began with problem formulation followed by building, intervention, and evaluation. As a result, the project team consisting of three members created two functional artifacts: one based on neural networks, and another based on self-organizing maps. Creation of the artifacts was done in cycles as alpha, beta and gamma where alpha and beta were a neural network and gamma a self-organizing map. Alpha reached a macro average of 0.75–0.78 in classification and beta 0.77–0.79. Gamma gave a different point of view on the problem and was able to clearly identify the class's non-estimated customers in a topographical map. The artifacts were limited to function only as knowledge creation instruments due to legal and ethical limitations present in the context. Results suggest that it is recommendable to approach problems with more than one artifact. The preliminary results of this research were validated by applying the concept in a case organization, followed by an analysis of the results in an end-user setting.

Development of Interactive Multimedia Learning Based on Educational Games in Basic Chemistry Learning Media

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features and efficacy of educational game-based MPI for high school colloid system learning. The stages of problem and potential identification, data collection, product design, design validation, product revision, product testing, design revision, use testing, and product revision were all included in the Research and Development (R&D) research method's design in order to produce a final product. Following the development process, learning media with the following qualities were created as the end product: 1) interactive; 2) engaging and enjoyable; 3) serving as a general and autonomous learning medium on high school curriculum; and 4) practical and compatible. All of the criteria—students who completed KSM 70, which represents no less than 70% of the total student body, students who exhibited very good interests, and students who exhibited very high activity, which represents no less than 70% of the total student body—were found to be effective in the trial use. With a completeness of 92.44%, very good interest of 87.33%, and very high activity of 88.11%, it can be concluded from the research and discussion results that MPI based on education games is effectively implemented in chemistry learning in class XI colloidal systems material at SMA Level.

Pengaruh Konsumsi Timun dan Bawang Merah terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Pasien di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Babakan

Hypercholesterolemia is caused by the liver not being able to control LDL in the blood vessels, this condition will cause atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Sterols and flavonoids are content that found in cucumbers which can lower cholesterol by replacing sterols with LDL which will be absorbed in the digestive system. The LDL will be excreted in the form of feces with the help of flavonoids And quercetin is a content found in red onions that can reduce cholesterol levels in the blood by inhibiting the HMG Co-A reductase enzyme. Yankestrad is a program at the Babakan Public Health Center include the use of medicinal plants (TOGA) such as cucumbers and red onions. The purpose of this study is to know the effect of cucumber and red onions consumption on reducing cholesterol levels in patients in the Babakan Health Center work area through the Yankestrad program. Research methods are analytical observational with case control research design and purposive sampling methods. The results of this there is an effect of consuming cucumber and red onions on reducing cholesterol levels.

Analyzing Social Interaction in Organizations: A Roadmap for Reflexive Choice

This article proposes a framework for reflexive choice in qualitative research, centering on social interaction. Interaction, fundamental to social and organizational life, has been studied extensively. Yet, researchers can get lost in the plethora of methodological tools, hampering reflexive choice. Our proposed framework consists of four dimensions of interaction (content, communication patterns, emotions, and roles), intersecting with five levels of analysis (individual, dyadic, group, organizational, and sociocultural), as well as three overarching analytic principles (following the dynamic, consequential, and contextual nature of interaction). For each intersection between dimension and level, we specify analytical questions, empirical markers, and references to exemplary works. The framework functions both as a compass, indicating potential directions for research design and data collection methods, and as a roadmap, illuminating pathways at the analysis stage. Our contributions are twofold: First, our framework fleshes out the broad spectrum of available methods for analyzing interaction, providing pragmatic tools for the researcher to reflexively choose from. Second, we highlight the broader relevance of maps, such as our own, for enhancing reflexive methodological choices.

Information Sharing in Land Registration Using Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain

Blockchain technology is increasingly being recognized for its pivotal role in enhancing security, immutability, and transparency across government sectors, notably in land registration (LR) processes. This research emphasizes the need for contextually adapted blockchain technology solutions, particularly in resource-constrained and culturally diverse settings. Utilizing the elaborated action design research method, this study presents a Hyperledger-based blockchain technology system tailored for Sudan’s LR, addressing technical challenges, evaluation frameworks, privacy measures, and deployment strategies. This system not only facilitates secure and transparent land transactions from planning to certificate issuance, but also integrates the management of land sales, significantly reducing the need for intermediaries. By providing a detailed exploration of the system’s goals, technical hurdles, and practical deployment insights, this research contributes valuable knowledge to the implementation of blockchain technology in LR, with findings that are applicable to similar contexts globally. This study underscores the importance of customizing blockchain solutions to meet the unique requirements of different environments, thereby advancing digital government in resource-constrained settings.

Professional Identity and Leadership Capabilities of College Physical Education Teachers

The purpose of this study is to explore the professional identity and leadership of college physical education teachers in Shandong Province. It provides the research basis for improving the professional identity of PE teachers, improving their leadership, promoting the training of talents in colleges and universities, and strengthening the construction of teachers. This study adopts the methods of quantitative research design, questionnaire survey and random sampling, and selects 205 physical education teachers from 5 colleges and universities in Shandong Province as the investigation objects. The survey found that given the respondents' profile, they are capable of developing a professional identity with teacher leadership. Respondents have failed their teaching careers in different ways than others. Given effective interventions, respondents can further strengthen their professional identity. The influence of personal experience on the level of professional identity is the least. Respondents were fully engaged in teacher leadership, but there was still a large gap. Given effective intervention, they can further improve their leadership ability. Educational background is one of the factors affecting teachers' leadership ability. Teacher professional identity and teacher leadership can develop simultaneously. Teacher development provides opportunities and interventions that may produce optimal results.

Structural Analysis of Pedagogic Mediation in a Foreign Language Classroom

Cultural diffusion and a paradigm shift from a “skill-based” approach to an “action-oriented” approach in language pedagogy transform the functions of an educator in a foreign language classroom. A language instructor accepts an intermediatory role in learners’ interactions with the environment, using language as a primary mediation tool. Thus, by being involved in varied social contexts and activities, a language educator mediates learning, communication, and sociocultural environments. This study relies on a structural analysis to investigate the mediating role of a language educator. It suggests that pedagogic mediation should be viewed as a specific form of language educators’ activity and described through three dimensions: mediating learning, mediating communication, and mediating sociocultural space. In the teaching and learning context, these dimensions manifest themselves as skills to adapt to the instructional and linguistic complexity of texts, manage interaction, facilitate communication in sensitive situations, etc. Drawing upon a phenomenological research design and qualitative methods, the study develops illustrative descriptors that can be used in a foreign language classroom to assess the patterns of social, instructional, and communicative behavior of educators. The developed descriptors allowed for exploring the self-perceptions of pre-service language teachers towards their abilities for pedagogic mediation in a foreign language classroom. The results of the study identified the learning gaps among novice language teachers that can be further addressed as learning objectives while designing a curriculum for professional training in language education.

Constraints and Improvements Suggestions Proposed in Adopting Recommended Cultivation Practices by Mandarin Growers

The present study was conducted in Amravati district of Maharashtra. It was purposively carried out in two talukas i.e. Achalpur and Anjangaon Surji on the basis of maximum area under mandarin. From Achalpur and Anjangaon Surji talukas, 12 villages were selected purposively having area under mandarin. Again from each selected village, 10 mandarin growers were selected purposively having bearing orchard for the present study constituting a sample size of 120 respondents. An exploratory method of research design was used. The objective of the study was to to identify the constraints faced by mandarin growers and obtain suggestions. Findings revealed that majority of respondents (93.33%) faced the problem of unavailability of proper information about chemicals to control pests and diseases followed by the those (91.66%) who are facing the problem of fruit drop in recent years along with some other constraints. While in case of suggestions, guidance by concerned department to farmers at different levels by organizing field visits gained highest frequency followed by availability of inputs at affordable price and arrangement of training programes for the areas found with higher training need respectively.