Design Workshop Research Articles

CERAMIC DESIGN WORKSHOP: A CREATIVE EXPERIENCE THROUGH TERRITORIAL JEWELRY WITH THE FLOR DO BARRO GROUP, ALTO DO MOURA, CARUARU –PERNAMBUCO/BRAZIL

This article presents the results of the Ceramic Design workshop around the theme of territorial jewelry to promote creativity and strengthen the feeling of belonging to a collective of women from the Flor do Barro group in Alto do Moura, a suburb of the city of Caruaru, in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil. The main objective of the workshop was to challenge them to explore other possibilities of forms with clay during the execution of the academic extension project “Clay Flowers: mapping and ideation of the craft production chain”. The workshop was planned and carried out through workshops based on design tools to stimulate the creative and productive capacity of artisans. The processes of Ideation, Generation and Selection of alternatives; Planning, Execution and Detailing of ten products; Prototyping and Testing were used. Experimenting with the Flor do Barro group territory jewelry is a strategy for valuing ceramic knowledge, through design and its dialogic character for the group's sustainability.

Perceptions of Pedagogical Effectiveness of The Workshop on The Use of Taptana Cañari For Mathematics Teaching: A Comparative Analysis in Different Educational Contexts

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze perceptions of pedagogical effectiveness regarding the workshop on the use of Taptana Cañari for teaching mathematics in diverse educational settings. Theoretical Framework: In Ecuador, mathematics teachers have employed traditional approaches in their teaching in recent years. The incorporation of Taptana Cañari as a playful strategy in the educational process can promote an interactive approach to learning this subject. Method: The study relied on a non-experimental ex post facto research methodology, with a quantitative approach, featuring an exploratory and descriptive-correlational scope. Data were collected through structured questionnaires to assess the perception of 135 teachers from different educational backgrounds regarding the effectiveness of the workshop on the use of Taptana Cañari in teaching mathematics. Statistical analyses were employed to examine differences between groups and explore relationships between variables, utilizing a significance level of p < 0.05. Results and Discussion: The study evaluated the perception of a mathematics teaching workshop using Taptana Cañari. A generally positive perception was found regarding pedagogical effectiveness, but areas for improvement in relevance and adaptability were identified. Differences in perception were observed between urban and rural participants, as well as between mathematics teachers and those from other areas. These results highlight the need to adapt educational workshops to the specific needs of participants and explore how these differences may affect students' academic performance. Research Implications: The findings of this research have significant implications for educational practice. The generally positive perception of the pedagogical effectiveness of the workshop indicates its potential to enhance mathematics teaching. However, the areas for improvement identified in relevance and adaptability underscore the need to adjust the workshop design to better meet participants' specific needs. Additionally, differences in perception between urban and rural participants, as well as between mathematics teachers and those from other areas, emphasize the importance of considering contextual and professional characteristics when implementing educational interventions. These considerations are crucial for maximizing the impact of workshops and promoting effective learning in diverse educational environments. Originality/Value: This research contributes originality by exploring participants' perception of the Intaka mathematics teaching workshop using Taptana Cañari, an uncommon approach in the educational field. Its value lies in identifying specific areas for improvement in the adaptability of the workshop, as well as in highlighting differences in perception between urban and rural participants, and between teachers from different areas. These findings offer unique insights for designing more effective and contextualized educational interventions, with the potential to significantly enhance the quality of learning in diverse educational communities.

Design-led solutions for reducing airline food waste: A participatory approach to develop behaviour change interventions

Airline food waste is a critical issue which is affected by passenger behaviour. In parallel with the unexpected advent of COVID-19, passengers have exhibited changes in eating behaviour, generating more food waste during flights. In this paper, the authors explore and reflect on the use of participatory design workshops conducted with designers and airline passengers with the aim to develop behaviour change interventions towards reducing airline food waste. This paper identifies seven types of behaviour change intervention, whilst empirically evidencing the effectiveness of participatory design in facilitating the development of behaviour change interventions, towards achieving airline food waste reduction.

Case-Based Specialty Training for Medical Students to Elicit Social Determinants of Health.

Without explicit education and training on how social determinants of health (SDoH) impact patient care and health outcomes, medical schools are failing to effectively equip future physicians to serve their patients. We created this workshop on health equity with a focus on SDoH to help students more effectively communicate with diverse populations. Third-year medical students and faculty were provided with class guides, learning objectives, role-play vignettes containing clerkship-specific history and physical exams, schedules, and discussion questions during a 2-hour session centered on SDoH. The workshop's impact was measured through mixed-methods analysis of surveys. Based on pre- and postsurvey results from 87 participants, medical students strongly agreed that (1) SDoH factor more into a patient's health outcomes than the clinical encounter (pre: 67%, post: 87%), (2) it is their duty to gather information about SDoH (pre: 86%, post: 97%), (3) neighborhood safety is one of the key SDoH (pre: 88%, post: 97%), (4) they understood the impact of upstream interventions (pre: 35%, post: 93%), (5) they could efficiently screen all patients for SDoH at every medical encounter (pre: 27%, post: 86%), and (6) they could find preliminary resources to quickly assist patients in need of help regarding particular SDoH (pre: 26%, post: 85%). This was the first iteration of this workshop; challenges involved piloting the content, time restraints, and organizational structure of the workshop design. Future directions include making SDoH curricula an integral part of undergraduate medical education and diverse clinical environments.

Exploring indicators of system-of-systems resilience: outcomes of a health systems design workshop at an international conference

AbstractThis contribution departs from an existing model, the Design Framework for Systems-of-Systems Resilience, to explore systems resilience issues across the health, environmental, and economic domains. The reported research activities include 1) a rapid review to collect a set of systems indicators and 2) a design workshop employing causal loop diagramming to map expected causal influences between indicators. Through this exercise, we examine key themes in this research domain and outline directions for further enquiry, while involving members of the design research community in an open dialogue.

Improving linkage to HIV care following a reactive HIV self-testing result among men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

BackgroundDespite the many interventions that have been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa to improve the uptake of HIV testing and antiretroviral (ART) initiation services, the rates at which men are tested for HIV and initiated on ART have remained consistently lower compared to those for women. We aim to investigate barriers and facilitators for linkage to care following HIVST positive results among men aged between 18 and 49 years, and use these findings to design an intervention to improve linkage to care among men in a high-HIV prevalent district in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa.MethodsThis multi-method study will be conducted over 24 months in eight purposively selected HIV testing and treatment facilities from December 2023 to November 2025. For the quantitative component, a sample of 197 HIV positive men aged 18–49 years old who link to care after HIV self-test (HIVST) will be recruited into the study. HIVST kits will be distributed to a minimum of 3000 men attending community services through mobile clinics that are supported by the Health Systems Trust, at different service delivery points, including schools, taxi ranks and other hotspots. The qualitative component will consist of in-depth interviews (IDIs) with 15 HIVST users and IDIs with 15 key informants. To design and develop acceptable, feasible, effective, and sustainable models for improving linkage to care, three groups of HIVST users (2*positive (N = 12) and 1*negative (N = 12)) will be purposively select to participate in a design workshop. Chi square tests will be used to identify social and demographic factors associated with linkage, while logistic regression will be used to identify independent factors. Kaplan Meier curves and cox proportional hazard models will be used to identify factors associated with time to event. Content and thematic approaches will be used to analyze the qualitative data.DiscussionThere remains an urgent need for designing and implementing innovative intervention strategies that are convenient and tailored for addressing the needs of men for improving HIV testing and linkage to care at early stages in resource-limited settings, to improve individual health outcomes, reduce transmission from HIV and minimize HIV-related mortality rates. Our proposed study offers several important innovations aimed at improving linkage to care among men. Our study targets men, as they lag the HIV continuum but are also under-researched in public health studies.

Exploring the Design of Technology-Mediated Nudges for Online Misinformation

Interest in technological solutions for combating online misinformation has rapidly grown over the last decade, yet the majority of proposed tools do not consider behavioral theories in their design, nor have they addressed the ways in which individuals could potentially interact with these tools, while omitting the plausible ways in which variations in the design of the interventions may affect end-users’ decision-making and behavioral responses. In this paper, we explore the potential of nudging to inform the design of technological tools that aim to mitigate online misinformation through behavior change. We report on a design workshop where 29 participants were asked to conceive technology-mediated nudges supporting individuals’ decision-making in the production, dissemination or consumption of misinformative content. In producing novel solutions, participants used the “Nudge Deck,” a design support tool that makes nudge theory, and particularly a framework of 23 interaction design mechanisms for nudging, accessible during time-constrained design meetings. We present the outputs of the session and discuss them in light of prior literature with respect to ethics and potential effectiveness.

The meaning of a youth council for suicide prevention: A reflective study with the youth council members

The Youth Council for Suicide Prevention is a group of high school and college students that advise and partner with Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center on regional suicide prevention efforts. The purpose of this study was to explore the personal and professional impact and meaning of the youth’s experiences as council members. Stories, interviews, and artifacts were collected to illustrate their experiences on the council. A sample of 12 out of 15 consenting current YCSP members were involved in the design of a storytelling workshop and interview guide, interpretation of data, and member checking of themes. YCSP members reported specific benefits from engaging in the council, including feeling empowered to make community change, having the confidence to have open conversations about mental health, and making improvements to their own mental health. This study offers increased understanding of how youth benefit from community-academic partnerships for suicide prevention and the ingredients that make for successful collaborations.

Collaborative Professional Development on Authentic Science May Reduce Barriers to Implementation in High School Classrooms

Teachers face challenges implementing authentic high school science lessons, particularly around inquiry practices and contemporary context. We created a collaborative curriculum design workshop to integrate authentic science activities on local invasive species into their classrooms while supplementing content knowledge via field trips to research sites and invasive species infestations. 36 teachers attended then implemented lessons they revised at the workshop in their classrooms. After implementation, we interviewed participants about barriers to lesson implementation. Teachers reported barriers of standardized testing, district mandates, time, and collaboration with other educators, all identified in previous literature. We also identified physical proximity as a barrier. Following professional development, several of the barriers were reduced or expected to be reduced for implementation of authentic science lessons, including collaboration, time, and physical proximity. We demonstrate the power of authentic science practice-based teacher professional development workshops that emphasize collaborative planning time for teachers while incorporating content presentations, in line with recommendations for teacher professional development writ large. We recommend collaborative professional development designs bringing together personnel from the same job site or district as well as from different districts while partnering with universities to retain university campus features such as access to active, authentic research sites.

Co-Design Smart Disaster Management Systems with Indigenous Communities

Tribal governments bear an uneven burden in the face of escalating disaster risks, climate change, and environmental degradation, primarily due to their deeply entrenched ties to the environment and its resources. Regrettably, accessing vital information and evidence to secure adequate funding or support poses difficulties for enrolled tribal members and their lands. In response to these challenges, this paper collaborates with tribal nations to co-design intelligent disaster management systems using AI chatbots and drone technologies. The primary objective is to explore how tribal governments perceive and experience these emerging technologies in the realm of disaster reporting practices. This paper presents participatory design studies. First, we interviewed seasoned first-line emergency managers and hosted an in-person design workshop to introduce the Emergency Reporter chatbot. Second, we organized a follow-up design workshop on tribal land to deliberate the utilization of drones within their community. Through qualitative analysis, we unveiled key themes surrounding integrating these emergency technologies within the jurisdiction of tribal governments. The findings disclosed substantial backing from tribal governments and their tribal members for the proposed technologies. Moreover, we delved into the potential of chatbots and drones to empower tribal governments in disaster management, safeguard their sovereignty, and facilitate collaboration with other agencies.

Design of Production Line of 2000 Tons of Fermented Milk Beverage with Annual Output of Whole Bean

The whole soybean fermented milk beverage designed by this production line is a beverage made of soybean as raw material and fermented under the fermentation action of compound probiotics. The design optimizes the production line of whole soybean fermented milk beverage with an annual output of 2000t and strictly refers to the relevant national regulations to determine the process design, material balance, equipment selection, water and electricity estimation, and workshop design of the whole soybean fermented milk beverage production line. Finally, the technical and economic analysis of the scheme shows that the fixed investment of the project is 7.95 million yuan, the annual production cost is 15193.72 million yuan, the total profit after tax reached 16.80628 million yuan, the construction period is 1 year, and the payback period is expected to be about 2 years.

ReSPect: Enabling Active and Scalable Responses to Networked Online Harassment

Online harassment, especially networked harassment at scale, has become an increasingly serious issue that pervades many social media platforms. In this study, we investigated the nature and harms of networked harassment on Twitter through design workshops (n = 11) and developed a set of design goals focusing on empowering the individual to fight back against harassment. We designed Re:SPect, an anti-harassment tool promoting scalable and active responses to networked harassment. We evaluated Re:SPect through a simulated scenario-based study with Twitter users (n = 18) who had directly or indirectly experienced networked harassment. Our findings reveal that users felt safer and more empowered as Re:SPect enabled them to manage interactions with a larger audience. Users felt less anxious about the potential of being harassed, while the summarization features of Re:SPect allowed users to perceive the situation more objectively. Based on the findings, we discuss how Re:SPect's features could be utilized in promoting healthier online discussion, as well as theoretical implications in designing such systems.

Implementing distance learning design approaches: lessons from six impact narratives

Higher education institutions are increasingly looking to implement online and distance learning (ODL) options for students. Professional development for the design of ODL is needed to support these strategies. This study explores how, in what ways, and to what extent, design for ODL approaches from a series of Learning Design & Course Creation (LDCC) Workshops were implemented. The LDCC Workshop is a mature and substantial professional development activity which adopts a constructivist and student-focused pedagogy and is based on design for ODL approaches embedded at the Open University (UK). Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with participating staff from five Chinese Open Universities. Data was analysed using the Reflexive Thematic Analysis (RTA) approach. As a result, six “LDCC impact narratives” were identified and are discussed in terms of learning design being implemented in three orientations: product, practice, and process. The findings illustrate that design for ODL approaches were implemented in all three orientations, but the extent to which they were implemented was dependent on certain institutional enablers being present and/or staff being given opportunities to put into practice what they learnt.

Developing ACTIVE SCHOOL—The Design Process for Two School-Based Physical Activity Interventions

ABSTRACT Introduction Physical activity (PA) interventions in schools can improve children’s overall PA levels and positively affect academic performance. However, implementing PA during the school day can be challenging in the complex school setting. Many school-based PA studies do not present their interventions’ design processes, although this knowledge is important to replicate the intervention. Purpose This article aims to provide insights into the collaborative design process of the two PA interventions for third-grade pupils of the ACTIVE SCHOOL project. The evidence-based interventions focus on PA integrated into academic content (Move & Learn intervention) as embodied learning or PA as moderate to vigorous activity performed during the school day (Run, Jump & Fun intervention). The study’s objective was to engage teachers and pedagogues early in the design process to ensure the design was tailored to practice. Methods A team consisting of researchers, school staff, and experts were involved in the design process. The process lasted one school year and comprised three phases: exploration and analysis, construction and design, and reflection and evaluation. Multiple methods were used, including focus group interviews, a design workshop, and observations of iterative in-school testing. Results The result of the analysis and exploration phase was a set of learning points based on information about school culture, school staff competences, and needs. The design and construction phase produced a set of intervention skeletons, which were the actual elements of the interventions. The evaluation and reflection phase created the main results, which are specific principles and multifaceted implementation strategies for Move & Learn and Run, Jump & Fun, respectively. Finally, dose and timing of the interventions were specified. Conclusion Collaboration with schools and an iterative approach were determinants for designing interventions appropriate to the Danish school context and school staff practice.

AI for Materials Design Workshop explores needed research directions

AI for Materials Design Workshop explores needed research directions

Scoping user needs for an online nutrition education resource for older adults

As the global population continues to age, strategies that promote health and wellbeing among older adults are urgently required. This demographic faces an increasing burden of chronic diseases linked to inflammation(1), often associated with diets that are energy dense and nutrient poor(2). Importantly, the impact of these conditions can be minimised by adopting an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern, such as the Mediterranean diet(3). While there are numerous predictors of behaviour and an individual’s capacity for behaviour change, nutrition knowledge is a fundamental influencer of eating behaviours(4). However, knowledge of anti-inflammatory diets generally and the Mediterranean diet specifically is lacking among older adults(5), highlighting the need for effective educational programs targeting this group. Digital health technologies have the potential to provide cost-effective and accessible nutrition education, however, few technologies have been developed to meet older adults unique needs and preferences. To address this gap, this study aimed to explore the specific needs and design preferences of older adults for an online nutrition education resource. A total of 20 adults aged 55 years and older participated in one of four 2-hour participatory design workshops, where prompted discussion questions were used to explore their use of technology and scope their needs and preferences for an online nutrition education resource. All participants were regularly using a range of different devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, and computers) and reported being comfortable doing so. Participants wanted a website that could be accessed across devices (i.e., desktop and mobile friendly) that provided practical nutrition advice, recipes, and information on the link between diet and disease. A number of design principles were identified as essential to optimise the user experience, including large and simple fonts, use of dark type on a light background, and clear categories for easy navigation. To enhance engagement, participants sought a personalised resource that could be adjusted to suit their needs, provided up-to-date information, and allowed for easy content sharing with others, such as by exporting information as a PDF. Participatory design methods offer new knowledge for developing and refining existing and future digital health technologies that are appropriate and useful for the target audience. Specifically, the older adult participants were motivated to access a user-friendly web-based nutrition resource provided it was able to be personalised to their health and nutrition needs, offered practical solutions such as adaptations to portion size or in relation to cost, and was easily shareable with others. Given the limited availability of online, self-directed and evidence-based nutrition education resources for older adults, these findings provide valuable insights to shape digital health resources that cater to the needs and preferences of this population and have the potential to support healthy eating habits and contribute to reducing diet-related chronic disease burden.

How to Create and Foster Sustainable Smart Cities? Insights on Ethics, Trust, Privacy, Transparency, Incentives, and Success

This paper describes the motivation, framework, concepts, method, implementation, and results of the HCII2023 Design Café, a dedicated participatory highly interactive design workshop held in Copenhagen in July 2023. Motivated by the ubiquitous challenges our world is facing, this initiative had the goal to explore six main issues from an interdisciplinary perspective with a focus on the UN SDG 11: “Sustainable Cities and Communities” and the HCI Grand Challenge 2 “Human-Environment Interactions.” The six issues were formulated as questions and presented to the participants working in small groups. (1) How to create inclusive and ethical smart cities? (2) How to establish trust between people and smart environments? (3) How to address privacy concerns in smart environments that adopt the “disappearing computer” paradigm? (4) How to promote explainability and transparency of policies and measures to citizens of smart cities or in smart environments in general? (5) How to design incentives and rewards for engagement and sustainable behavior in smart cities at a personal as well as collective/corporate level? (6) How to measure success and impact in sustainable smart city projects? The method and approach of the Design Café is a tailored composition of a guided, structured format combined with and inspired by processes of informal communication and exchange of knowledge and ideas. Aligned moderation, a minimum set of rules, a set of relevant topics and an interdisciplinary group of motivated participants working in rotating formations provides the structure for achieving results. The results show that the six issues are not independent of each other, but require a holistic view, considering the various dependencies as well as synergies when exploring solutions. Nevertheless, the importance of first establishing higher-level goals based on ethical and inclusive approaches fostering human dignity and human rights were key. Acceptance of overall goals, processes, rules, and regulations was considered as the fundamental pre-requisite for sustainable change towards a declared goal. Acceptance needs trust and privacy as well as explainability and transparency of policies and measures. The role of incentives and rewards for engagement and sustainable behavior was twofold. Offering incentives must include planning on how to measure their impact. Effective measurement of success and impact depends heavily on how the institutions address privacy. Explainability and transparency should become one of the ethical guidelines that steer and control concepts, decision making, and implementations of all activities. The scale of these societal challenges still needs to be recognized by those responsible. It is essential to educate decision makers in the psychological needs and effects of sense making, comprehensibility, and finally acceptance and well-being moving towards a humanity-centered design.

Touchless Interaction for Smart Glasses in Emergency Medical Services: User Needs and Experiences

The application of smart glasses in healthcare, particularly for providers engaged in hands-on patient care tasks, presents unique design challenges. This study combines participatory design and usability testing to assess the user experiences of touchless interaction methods for smart glasses in the context of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The participatory design workshops with 16 EMS providers reveal a preference for touchless interaction methods such as voice commands and pinch hand gestures, driven by the need to keep hands free and minimize cross-contamination risk. Despite this preference, the laboratory-based usability testing with 16 EMS providers indicates that both voice commands and hand gestures fall short in task performance compared to the default tangible buttons on smart glasses, primarily due to software limitations and EMS providers’ unfamiliarity with touchless techniques. Our findings reveal specific issues associated with using different interaction methods when operating smart glasses. Building on these insights, we discuss design implications for smart glasses to better align with the dynamic and unique characteristics of fast-paced medical work.

Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Training Workshop on Mindfulness in Clinical Encounters for Nursing Students of the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Abstract
 Introduction: With the emergence of new and re-emerging diseases and their medical staff and students facing infectious diseases, it was felt necessary to support them regarding the stress and anxiety caused by the disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to design, implement, and evaluate a workshop on mindfulness in clinical encounters for nursing students.
 Method: This educational research was conducted on 66 nursing students based on the Glasik criteria. First, the needs and goals were determined based on the literature review and expert panel; the workshop was designed with a focused group of student representatives, and then the implementation of the program began. For evaluation, the satisfaction form was used to measure learning, anxiety, and performance.
 Results: The average satisfaction of the learners with the efficiency of the course was 32.3 and the satisfaction with the organization of the course was 25.6. The average work participation before the workshop was 19.33 ± 6.19, which after the workshop was 28.13 ± 4.69 and was significant (P < 0.001). The average anxiety before the workshop was 20.40 ± 10.73, but after the workshop decreased to 10.90 ± 13.64 and was significant (P < 0.001). The mean of mindfulness before the workshop was 89.46 ± 17.16, which reached 99.26 ± 18.70 after the workshop (P = 0.007).
 Conclusion: The mindfulness workshop provides a suitable opportunity to practice techniques for dealing with stress and critical situations for undergraduate students who have fewer skills. It is suggested to investigate this intervention at other educational levels.

Design Case: Character Design Workshop for SDH Kupang Highschool Students

<p>This paper is a design case for a character design workshop for Sekolah Dian Harapan Kupang students. The workshop was done offline on 27<sup>th</sup> October 2023 and was attended by 36 high school students. The workshop itself went well, with various adjustments along the way. Through this design case, the author concluded that designers and workshop instructors must be flexible when conducting a workshop, as many unpredicted factors can influence the workshop’s conduct.</p>