Design Of Structural Systems Research Articles

Eurocode-compliant system safety factor for advanced design of hollow section Warren trusses

Eurocode allows for the design of structural systems by advanced analysis, i.e. by Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Imperfection Analysis (GMNIA). In GMNIA, the entire structural system is designed by carrying out a nonlinear finite element analysis and by comparing the load proportionality factor obtained from the analysis to the predetermined system safety factor. This study determines the required Eurocode-compliant GMNIA system safety factor for the ultimate limit state design of Warren-type roof trusses. The system safety factor is determined based on system-level reliability studies conducted for 15 trusses. The investigated trusses are made of cold-formed rectangular hollow sections having a nominal yield strength of 700 MPa. The determined system safety factor is then applied for comparison calculations, in which three trusses are designed both by GMNIA and the conventional EN 1993-1-1 method. This comparison reveals a need for an accurate modelling method of hollow section connections in GMNIA. Furthermore, the comparison shows that GMNIA can offer reduced material consumption compared to the conventional method even in roof trusses, in which load redistribution capabilities are very limited. This reduction is achieved due to capability of GMNIA to accurately capture the buckling capacities of continuous top chords, whereas the conventional method must rely on conservative approximations of buckling lengths.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE AND TRAIN BUS TICKET RESERVATION SYSTEM FOR A TRANSPORTATION SERVICE INMUMBAI (QUICK-BT)

The use of bus traveling is a large growing business in India and other countries; the manual use of bus reservation is presently very strenuous and also consumes a lot of time by having to stay on a long queue. For this reason, an efficient system is to be proposed in this paper to ease the issue of bus reservation amongst indigenes within the country. The system is a web – based application that allows visitors to check bus availability, buy and pay bus ticket online. In order to achieve the design, Bombay Electric Supply & Transport (BEST) was chosen as a case study because of its strategic importance. Structured Systems Analysis and Design Methodology (SSADM) will be adopted. In this paper, the proposed bus reservation system was developed using Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (XHTML), PHP Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP), Structure Query Language (SQL), Ajax, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS), and JavaScript. This document gives formatting instructions for authors

Design and Implementation of Biometric-Based Student Information Retrieval System Using Finger Prints Recognition

This study designed and implements a biometric-based student information retrieval system using finger print recognition. The findings showed that the existing manual system is prone to lots of errors such difficulties in accessing records, wrong data entry, difficulties in data manipulation, identity management and difficulties in updating students’ records. Structured system analysis and design methodology was adopted for this research. The design and implementation of the developed application software showed that computerized student information retrieval system using biometrics greatly enhanced the documentation, manipulation and retrieval of student information in a more accurate, fast and secured manner.

Design and Experiment of Ecological Plant Protection UAV Based on Ozonated Water Spraying

With the development of pesticide substitution technology, ozonated water has been gradually applied in agricultural plant protection. This paper describes our development of an ecological plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that can produce and spray ozonated water while flying. Firstly, this paper carries out the design of the ozonated water system, including the selection of the ozone generator and the gas-liquid mixing method. Secondly, the conceptual design method of the ecological plant protection UAV is introduced, including total weight estimation, propulsion system selection, layout and structure design, battery modeling, center of gravity evaluation, and control system. Then, static analysis was computed in ANSYS Workbench on the UAV fuselage. Finally, the field test verified that the hovering time of the UAV could reach the design requirement of 10 min when it was fully loaded. The effective spraying width (with a height of 2 m and a speed of 3 m/s) is 5.25 m. The UAV was used to spray ozonated water with a concentration of 17 ppm continuously once a day; on day 7, the control effect could reach 76.4% and the reduction rate of the larvae population was 59.3%. Therefore, spraying ozonated water with a concentration of 17 ppm every day by using the ecological plant protection UAV can effectively control broccoli diamondback moth larvae and achieve the control effect of traditional pesticides (Chlorantraniliprole SC).

Improved Three-Variable Control for Electromagnetic Mass Damper System Considering Control–Structure Interaction

Current methods account for control–structure interaction (CSI) in structural control design, which may be unavailable in the preliminary design phase of actively controlled structures due to the unknown dynamic characteristic of an actuator. Therefore, it may result in significant difference in the design and evaluation of an active structural control system when ignoring or considering CSI at different phases. To eliminate the CSI effects of electromagnetic mass damper (EMD) system and thus decouple the tracking control of EMD from the control design of structure, in this paper, an improved three-variable control (ITVC) combining a signal convertor, a typical three-variable controller, and a voltage compensator is developed. The voltage compensator counteracts the influence of lower-order CSI including viscous damping force and Coulomb friction. The three-variable controller reduces the higher-order CSI effects, while the signal convertor converts all command and feedback signals to the relative coordinate system and eliminates the additional CSI effects. Performance tests and frequency response tests of the EMD system show that the CSI effects are basically eliminated by ITVC. In addition, shake table tests are performed on a one-story actively controlled structure to further verify ITVC. Experimental results suggest that ITVC can apply accurate control force on the structure and achieve ideal structural response control.

Development of an automated structural design system for progressive dies based on the integrated design methodology of process and structure

Development of an automated structural design system for progressive dies based on the integrated design methodology of process and structure

Dynamic behavior and power flow analyses of a cylindrical shell structure embedded with acoustic black holes

Vibrational energy flow model of ABH cylindrical shells with arbitrary profile and general boundary conditions is established using Rayleigh-Ritz method in conjunction with improved Fourier series expansion. Energy equation based on Love’s shell theory is formulated, while the ABH cylindrical shells including any type of indentation profile can be considered uniformly and invariantly expanded into Fourier series accordingly. The vibrational displacements are expanded with the modified version of Fourier series. The proposed model is validated through the comparisons with experimental results and those calculated from finite element method, and excellent agreement can be observed. The power flow analysis illustrates that the vibrational energy flow into ABH indentations is intensified and absorbed by damping materials compared with that of the uniform one for nearly all the frequency ranges. However, the energy absorption loses efficacy in certain low frequencies, which are coincided with its overall mode shapes. This work can shed some new light on the vibration behavior study of ABH cylindrical shell from the viewpoint of energy transmission, and can provide an efficient analysis tool for the vibration characteristics study and its optimal design of such complex structural system embedded with Acoustic Black Holes.

Design of Wave Energy Capture Structure and Mooring System with Additional Mass

There is huge amounts of wave energy in ocean, and how to convert its unstable energy into stable and sustainable output energy is a major problem that needs to be solved urgently. The power production performance of a wave energy capture device is closely related to its anti-wave performance, so the design of the mooring system is very important for it, In this paper, a truss-type three-sided wave energy capture device is used, and the mooring system with additional mass is used for research. The study found that the mooring system with additional mass blocks could significantly restrain the platform’s surge displacement under wind and wave loads.

Mechanical System Structure Design of Transmission Line Maintenance Robot

Aiming at the problems of insufficient research and difficult control of existing transmission line maintenance robots, a modular four-wheel mobile robot mechanical configuration scheme is proposed. We analyze the working environment of the existing transmission line and the working requirements of the inspection robot. Then, the overall architecture design, function division and mechanical simulation of the robot are carried out, and a joint motion model that is easy to expand and universal is put forward. Finally, a prototype robot is developed, and corresponding software and hardware design of the control system is completed. The live line maintenance operation experiment is performed on simulated lines and actual transmission lines. The results show that the effective module division and reconstruction scheme of the configuration scheme are correct and feasible, and the joint motion trajectory of the robot is optimized, which also improves the work efficiency and safety.

Teaching Design Model of Bridge Aesthetics Course Facing Ecological Landscape Sustainable Development

In recent years, ecological building of bridges has gradually begun to appear in cities, and this trend is conducive to the sustainable development of urban bridges and an ecological environment, promoting the development of emerging industries around cities and driving the development of the urban economy. Bridges’ ecological aesthetic design cannot be separated from ecological aesthetics, and the relationship between these two factors is complementary and inseparable. This paper focuses on the relationship between the teaching of a bridge aesthetic design course and ecological landscape sustainable development. Based on a visual impression hierarchy deep learning model and a statistical analysis of a questionnaire, including reliability and validity analyses, a teaching model for the design of landscape bridge structure systems was constructed. Landscape bridge structure systems combine the dimensions of function, form, mechanics, and culture, and the teaching design model of landscape bridges must include non-professional students, undergraduate students, graduate students, and graduates working in enterprises. Investigations were performed of the urban block landscape, water environment landscape, urban garden landscape, and landscape bridges within natural mountain landscapes. The results showed that: (1) the influence and role of landscape aesthetics related to the water environment and urban garden landscapes are the most important; (2) in the teaching of a bridge aesthetics course, sustainable ecological development must consider the aesthetic value of landscape bridges while ensuring function and safety; and (3) for students at different learning stages, the focus in terms of bridge aesthetic system elements is different. Both the bridge structural landscape configuration and the ecological aesthetics must be considered together during the teaching of bridge aesthetics design courses. To achieve such a goal, students at different levels must have a good understanding of ecologically sustainable development and bridge aesthetics.

Solar Interfacial Evaporation at the Water–Energy Nexus: Bottlenecks, Approaches, and Opportunities

Solar interfacial evaporation (SIE) technology has become an important research content in the water treatment fields gradually. It is low cost and sustainable, especially when water resources are scarce and energy infrastructure is not perfect and can deliver high‐quality freshwater. In recent years, along with the rise of new nanomaterials, water evaporation efficiency improved further; additionally, the efficient evaporation system structure design and thermal managements can improve the absorbance and latent heat recovery efficiently. These advanced researches make SIE efficiency is enhanced markedly, especially in small water evaporation equipment driven by solar energy wholly. It can achieve extremely high steam generation rate and possess an extensive application prospect. In this critical review, the photothermal mechanisms and material types of new photothermal materials, the basic structural design requirements of SIE systems primarily are discussed. On this basis, the applications of SIE techniques in the water–energy relations from the microscopic scale to the molecular level in the past decade are summarized. Finally, bottlenecks of the development of SIE technology, as well as the approaches and opportunities in the future, are discussed critically, new ideas are provided for the long‐range objective of utilizing renewable energy to generate clean water for environmentally sustainable development.

Development of a Computational Model for Cassava Food Processing Using Coloured Petri Net

A food system is composed of a complex network of activities and processes for production, distribution, transportation and consumption, which interact with each other, thus leading to changeable behaviour. Most existing empirical studies on cassava processing have focused on the technical efficiency analysis of the cassava crop processing techniques among processors indicating that the modelling of the events and operations involved in the processing of the cassava crop is highly limited. In this context, different strategies have been used to solve difficult environmental and agro-informatic systems model-based problems such as system dynamics, agent based, rule-based knowledge and mathematical modeling. However, the structural comprehension and behavioral investigation of this modeling are constrained. In this regard, formal computational modeling is a method that enables modeling and simulation of the dynamical characteristics of these food systems to be examined. In this study, the system specification is designed using Unified Modelling language (UML) to show the structural process and system design modelled and simulated using Coloured Petri Net (CPN), a formal method for analyzing the behavioural properties of complex system because of its efficient analysis. For the purpose of observing and analyzing the behaviour of the cassava food process, a series of simulation runs was proposed.

Structural battery composites with remarkable energy storage capabilities via system structural design

Structural battery composites with remarkable energy storage capabilities via system structural design

Thermal Management and Energy Consumption in Air, Liquid, and Free Cooling Systems for Data Centers: A Review

The thermal management and reduction of energy consumption in cooling systems have become major trends with the continued growth of high heat dissipation data centers and the challenging energy situation. However, the existing studies have been limited to studying the influences of individual factors on energy saving and thermal management and have not been systematically summarized. Thus, this paper reviews the key factors in achieving thermal management and reducing energy consumption in each cooling system, the corresponding research, and optimization methods. To achieve these goals, in this paper, literature surveys on data center cooling systems are investigated. For data center air cooling, thermal management is mainly related to the uniform distribution of hot and cold air. Adjusting the porosity of perforated tiles can reduce energy consumption. For liquid cooling and free cooling systems, climate conditions, cooling system structural design, coolant type, and flow rate are key factors in achieving thermal management and reducing energy consumption. This paper provides the power usage effectiveness (PUE) values of the cooling systems in some cases. A summary of the key factors can provide directions for research on thermal management and energy reduction, and a summary of previous research can provide a basis for future optimization.

Influence of aboveground structure on connected underground structure seismic response within an integrated system

Increasing numbers of integrated underground-aboveground structure systems (IUASS) are being constructed in densely populated urban areas. The complex dynamic interaction between the underground structure, its connected aboveground structure, and surrounding soil, brings challenges to the seismic design of such structure systems. This study aims to analyze the influence of an aboveground structure on a connected underground structure seismic response within an integrated system using nonlinear dynamic finite element simulations. The seismic response of an IUASS is compared with that of a single underground structure in both time and frequency domains, under the excitation of 9 seismic records and 0–10 Hz simple harmonic waves. The results reveal the sensitivity of the underground structure’s seismic response to the aboveground structure. Generally, the presence of aboveground structure can significantly increase the racking deformation and internal force of underground structure, particularly for the first underground story and for the underground spans directly below the aboveground structure. In such cases, the aboveground structure aggravates the tensile damage of first and second underground stories and overall compressive damage while alleviates the tensile damage of bottom story. However, when the input motion is dominated by high frequency content, the aboveground structure can act to reduce the underground structure seismic response.

Review and practice of optimal structural design and selection of structural systems

The article describes the analysis of the optimal structural design and selection of structural systems and analyzes the technical and economic indicators of various design solutions. An important step in solving the design optimization problem is the correct choice of the optimality indicator. In the works included in the review, various optimality criteria are adopted. For example, the criterion for the minimum weight is justified when the structure's material is homogeneous. The issues of choosing a quality criterion when optimizing the design of a structure for minimum weight are also given a place. Comparing various recalculation methods while minimizing the weight of a structure under conditions of permissible stresses and displacements in certain load cases, the work looks at a nonlinear programming method and algorithms based on optimality criteria and a "mixed method" based on combining recalculation and nonlinear programming methods. In modern conditions, the restructuring and reorientation of the economy of the Republic, when the need arises for structures that allow placing medium and small enterprises, and in areas with the minimum level of employment, the problem arises of choosing a certain constructive solution that allows the construction of facilities with minimal labor costs, cost, the earliest possible payback and while ensuring seismic resistance. In this regard, various design solutions' technical and economic indicators are analyzed.

Key aspects of improving project management within the current socio-economic development

Implementing investment projects usually requires the participation of many organisations in the process. Depending on the specific nature, size and type of the project, anywhere from one to several dozen (sometimes hundreds) organisations and individuals may be involved. Each of them has its own functions, degree of participation in the project and responsibility for its implementation. Therefore, professional management is inconceivable without professional management of the project team and professional management of all human resources involved in the project. These tasks cannot be solved without a competent design of the organisational management structure and responsibility distribution system. Organisation of an effective professional project management system is impossible without clear regulations and description of management processes, which require directional coordination, information support, and project progress control. The article provides a comparative analysis of organisational interactions schemes between participants in investment projects and identifies the possible dynamics of their development.

Design of Structure and Control System for Ultrasonic Welding Industry Robot

Design of Structure and Control System for Ultrasonic Welding Industry Robot

Exploration of steel structure modular building technology system based on rapid assembly—take X-house for example

Through modular design and modular assembly technology measures, taking function, space and structural system as structural units; Three-dimensional building information technology is applied in design, manufacturing, on-site assembly and other links. The modular technology system of steel structure for rapid assembly such as modular structural system of building space, beam-column nodes, node design optimization, on-site hoisting and assembling of modular building structural system, modular mechanical and electrical equipment unit design and other applications is comprehensively and systematically discussed. Taking X-house project participating in the Dubai International Solar Energy Competition as an example, the research and practice of residential technical system for rapid assembly are systematically introduced.

Computerization of FRSC (Federal Road Safety Corps) Database for Road Traffic Accidents and Infractions

This project aimed at designing a computerized web-based road traffic accident and infraction database system for the Federal Road Safety Corps (FRSC) which will enable FRSC to get summarized traffic accident and infraction information at various level easily and quickly. The collection, management and dissemination of road traffic accident and infraction related events have represented a serious issue to road safety officers and all stakeholders alike due to the absence of a central repository from which all accident and infraction data can be stored and managed. Where accessible, these data available in the paper-based form and this represents a bottleneck in updating the available data. The purpose of the system is to design a computerized system that will collect, record, disseminate and manage road traffic accident and infraction information for the FRSC. The system is achieved using structured system analysis and design methodology. The software that is used to design the system is Adobe Dreamweaver and XAMPP local server, the programming language that was used comprise of Hyper Text Mark-up Language (HTML), JavaScript, Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) and Hypertext Pre-Processor (PHP). The website was tested using on a local web server “XAMPP” and Structured Query Language is used for the Database design. The system has different subsystem to meet its core functionalities. An administration subsystem authenticates administrators and road safety officers to login to the system and executes their defined task. The accident and infraction report subsystem allow the officer to enter and submit road traffic accident and infraction details using a simple to use web-based interface.