Questionnaire Designed Research Articles

Can gamification help green supply chain management firms achieve sustainable results in servitized ecosystem? An empirical investigation

This study investigates gamification's role in promoting sustainable green supply chain management practices (GSCMP), examining what no study has before. The theoretical lens of self-determination and goal-setting enabled the design of a systematic questionnaire to gather data from companies in the retail industry. In total, 254 responses were obtained. The theoretical model was tested using Warp partial least square (PLS) 7.0. The findings suggest that gamification positively impacts GSCMP. Specifically, it helps increase goal commitment and green supply chain management, ultimately leading to improved sustainable supply chain performance. Additionally, gameful experience moderates the link between digital servitization and goal commitment. Furthermore, firm age does not affect sustainable performance, whereas, it is positively affected by firm size. The findings not only contribute to the literature on sustainable supply chain, servitization, gamification, digital technology adoption, and the above-mentioned theories, but also suggest that by using gamification to promote GSCMP, businesses can improve their overall sustainable performance.

Changing or unchanging Chinese attitudes toward ride-hailing? A social media analytics perspective from 2018 to 2021

Despite the global popularity of ride-hailing services, frequent events in recent years have caused the public to query and even refuse to adopt ride-hailing. The public’s attitudes are the decisive factor affecting ride-hailing development. Previous studies identified the public’s attitude toward ride-hailing at a one-time point through questionnaire design without monitoring changes in the public’s attitude. This study aims to analyze the evolution and reasons for the public’s attitudes toward ride-hailing in terms of trend lines and significant events. We collected 114,361 comments across social media platforms (Sina Weibo and Tik Tok) on Chinese ride-hailing events from May 2018 to September 2021. Through sentiment analysis to investigate the evolution of the public’s attitudes toward ride-hailing, we identified four significant events that led to significant changes in public attitudes. We then employed Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic model and text network analysis to examine the comments in these significant events to understand the exact reasons for the change in attitudes. The results indicate that the public’s attitude variations are closely linked with social events. Meanwhile, among all topics, Platform and Safety are constant public concerns. Other topics (e.g., Publicity, Government, and Pity) of public concern are related to significant events. The gap between perceived and actual security toward ride-hailing services seems to exist. We also found gender discrimination against females in ride-hailing events. The findings provide valuable insights into the future development of ride-hailing.

Health Related Quality of Life in Patients with Primary ITP Compared with Population Norms: A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis of Data from Norwegian ITP Registry

Introduction: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is characterized by thrombocytopenia and varying grades of bleeding manifestations. Many patients develop a fear of bleeding, which can impact their health-related quality of life (HRQoL). In addition, often necessary lifestyle adjustments as well as treatment-related side effects may further reduce HRQoL. Aims: to estimate HRQoL in adult patients diagnosed with ITP and to compare their HRQoL to that of the general population using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire. Methods: Data from the Norwegian ITP (NOR-ITP) Registry was used. Adult ITP patients registered in NOR-ITP from Dec 2016 to May 2023 were included in this study. Patients included in NOR-ITP complete the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, when included in the registry and then annually as part of their scheduled follow-up. In patients who had completed several EQ-5D-3L questionnaires, the most recent one was used. The age-adjusted Norwegian EQ-5D-3L populations norms were used as reference values for Index and VAS scores. Missing data were replaced using multiple imputation. Results: Median (IQR) age of 247 patients was 57 years (34); M:F ratio = 1:1.5. ITP was newly diagnosed in 18 (7%), persistent in 14 (6%), and chronic in 215 (87%) patients. Platelet count was >50*10 9/L in 166 (67%) patients, between 31 and 50*10 9/L in 15 (6%), and < 30*10 9/L in 18 (7%), unknown for 19% (48). Thirty-nine (16%) patients were never treated for ITP, 80 (32%) patients had remission induced by glucocorticoids +/- IVIGs, and 128 (52%) were treated with second-line agents. Ongoing treatment was an immunosuppressive agent (i.e. glucocorticoids +/- IVIGs, rituximab (received during the last 3 months), azathioprine, cyclosporine-A, mycophenolate mofetil) in 43 (17%) patients, a thrombopoietin receptor agonist in 42 (17%) patients, while 162 (66%) were off-ttraetment. Median time from diagnosis of ITP to most recent EQ-5D questionnaire was 4 (10) years. Figure1a displays the frequency of reported problems (levels 2 and 3) in ITP patients compared to the population norms. ITP patients reported significantly more problems in 4 out of 5 domains. EQ-5D index score was significantly lower in ITP patients compared to the general population [Mean (SD) = 0.790 (0.23) vs 0.830 ([0.041); p-value 0.007]. Likewise, we found VAS to be significantly lower in ITP patients compared to the general population [Mean (SD) = 70.82 (21.09) vs 77.32 (5.554); p-value 0.0001). Within the ITP cohort, we found significantly lower VAS scores in ITP patients receiving ongoing treatment compared to those off treatment (p-value 0.01), as shown in figure1b. However, no significant difference was found concerning Index scores when comparing patients with ongoing to off-treatment. Comparing index scores and VAS according to platelet count category (<30; 31-50; >50*109/L) and the phase of ITP did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusion: This study is the first to evaluate HR-QoL using EQ-5D in a well-characterized cohort of patients with ITP. In line with existing evidence, using other HRQoL instruments, we found significantly reduced HRQoL in ITP patients compared to the general population. ITP patients receiving ongoing treatment had worse HRQoL compared to those off-treatment. Limitations of this study are the the long time period between diagnosis and completing the questionnaire, the observational and retrospective study design, and the lack of predictors for HRQoL.

Antifungal resistance and stewardship: a knowledge, attitudes and practices survey among pharmacy students at the University of Zambia; findings and implications.

Antifungal resistance (AFR) is a growing global public health concern. Little is currently known about knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding AFR and antifungal stewardship (AFS) in Zambia, and across the globe. To address this evidence gap, we conducted a study through a questionnaire design starting with pharmacy students as they include the next generation of healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional study among 412 pharmacy students from June 2023 to July 2023 using a structured questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was used to determine key factors of influence. Of the 412 participants, 55.8% were female, with 81.6% aged between 18 and 25 years. Most students had good knowledge (85.9%) and positive attitudes (86.7%) but sub-optimal practices (65.8%) towards AFR and AFS. Overall, 30.2% of students accessed antifungals without a prescription. Male students were less likely to report a good knowledge of AFR (adjusted OR, AOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.31-0.98). Similarly, students residing in urban areas were less likely to report a positive attitude (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.13-0.91). Fourth-year students were also less likely to report good practices compared with second-year students (AOR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.27-0.85). Good knowledge and positive attitudes must translate into good practices toward AFR and AFS going forward. Consequently, there is a need to provide educational interventions where students have low scores regarding AFR and AFS. In addition, there is a need to implement strategies to reduce inappropriate dispensing of antifungals, especially without a prescription, to reduce AFR in Zambia.

Display of battery items in web and mail surveys: Grids versus item-by-item and radio versus wide buttons

How to display questions that are part of a battery in self-administered surveys is an important decision. Battery items may be displayed in a grid in a mail survey or computer web survey, but are often displayed as individual items on mobile devices. Although past research has compared grids to item-by-item displays in computer and mobile web surveys, almost no work has compared these displays in mail surveys. Additionally, many web survey templates use wide rectangular buttons to select response options in individual items using a mobile-optimized design, different from the standard round answer space format typically used in mail surveys. In this study, we experimentally test grid versus item-by-item displays and round radio buttons versus wide rectangular buttons for battery items in a probability-based general population mixed-mode mail + web survey of adults in Nebraska. Consistent with past research, we find that item-by-item displays reduce straightlining rates compared to grid designs. We also find that respondents are less likely to select the last two response categories in the item-by-item displays than in the grid displays. Smartphone and computer web respondents have higher item nonresponse rates than mail respondents, and web respondents have lower straightlining rates than mail respondents, accounting for respondent characteristics. Reassuringly, there is no difference in data quality outcomes across radio button versus wide button formats. These findings replicate past research that item-by-item displays reduce straightlining but may shift answer categories. These findings suggest that questionnaire designers can combine round radio button answer spaces on mail surveys with wide buttons on web surveys on battery items with little difference in data quality.

Integrating Critical Discourse Analysis on Sustainable Tourism in English Language Learning in University

The research discussed that discourses on tourism in social media often contradict the perspective of sustainable tourism. In engaging with public texts, students must develop a critical mindset to be able to filter information as well as to contribute their constructive ideas in solving problems in society. This could be developed as students learn some language skills in EFL, especially writing. The research applied a qualitative descriptive approach that focused on observing techniques, processes, and learning outcomes of writing skills by implementing Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The research used the participant observation method, where the researcher participated in the activities carried out by the group under study. The research population was students taking the English for Journalism course. The research sourced its textual material from selected online news articles and social media posts. The research involved several steps: student selection, questionnaire design and distribution, CDA and Sustainable Tourism training, feature article writing, writing assessment, and developing CDA integration models in learning. The findings show the positive impact of integrating CDA into writing instruction, notably by introducing the perspective of sustainable tourism. Students demonstrate enhanced critical writing abilities, enabling them to respond and contribute to more informed and thoughtful discussions surrounding tourism and sustainability to the content encountered on the internet that often contradicts the perspective of sustainable tourism. In engaging with public texts, students must develop a critical mindset to be able to filter information as well as to contribute their constructive ideas in solving problems in society.

Risk stages and factors in architectural design- A structural equation modelling

ABSTRACT The design phase is one of the key project processes in the construction industry. Despite the architects’ responsibility to develop complete, accurate and coordinated project documents, architectural design is accompanied by multiple errors and consequential risks. That is, the errors are potentially costly and time-consuming to correct and impose significant risks if are not caught early during the design phase, and become cumbersome to be handled in the construction documents and the construction phase. The aim of this research is to identify the risky stages in the architectural design process and find what factors cause risks in that process within the context of Iran. To this end, a combination of a qualitative and quantitative method as the sequential mixed-method was designed in which the research was commenced through the qualitative exploratory investigation to discover the literature and then, proceeded to the quantitative research including questionnaire design, model structure development and the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) application and analysis. The results of the study reveal that the greatest design risks may occur in the identification and investigation phase of the Iranian architectural design process when the feasibility studies and planning are not conducted accurately, correctly and completely. Moreover, the outcome shows that time pressures in design data collection, ambiguous objectives of the clients, and poor disciplinary coordination are the main risk factors in architectural design.

How do we detect and respond to clinical deterioration in hospitalized children? Results of the Pediatric Care BefOre Deterioration Events (CODE) survey.

Systems to detect and respond to deteriorating hospitalized children are common despite little evidence supporting best practices. Our objective was to describe systems to detect/respond to deteriorating hospitalized children at Pediatric Resuscitation Quality Collaborative (pediRES-Q) institutions. We performed a cross-sectional survey of pediRES-Q leaders. Questionnaire design utilized expert validation and cognitive interviews. Thirty centers (88%) responded. Most (93%) used ≥1 system to detect deterioration: most commonly, early warning scores (83%), watcher lists (55%), and proactive surveillance teams (31%). Most (90%) had a team to respond to deteriorating patients and the majority of teams could be activated by clinician or family concerns. Most institutions (90%) collect relevant data, including number of rapid responses (88%), arrests outside intensive care units (100%), and serious safety events (88%). In conclusion, most pediRES-Q institutions utilize systems to detect/respond to deteriorating hospitalized children. Heterogeneity exists among programs. Rigorous evaluation is needed to identify best practices.

Best Rating Scale Design Theory: Implications for Developing Questionnaires in Nursing and Health Sciences

Several nurse researchers do not consistently engage the best rating scale design in developing health research questionnaires thus obscuring the obligatory psychometric properties of the tools as objective rating scales. In response, this paper intends to simplify the Rasch techniques of best rating scale (or questionnaire) validation into four stages. Among researchers and psychometricians, presenting the objective psychometric properties of questionnaires used as rating scales are the cornerstones of the mathematical credibility of any reading generated by the scale. On the contrary, being too reliant on the conventional methods called the classical test theory (CTT), most already “developed” questionnaires rarely display objective indices of the measuring tools. CTT is not the best method for designing questionnaires because its techniques rely on too many unproven mathematical assumptions. Correspondingly in this paper, the Rasch techniques of rating scale design are simplified into four steps for designing questionnaires as objective rating scales. A key contribution of Rasch validation technique is that essential psychometric properties are tested and displayed rather than merely assumed. Therefore, nurse researchers ought to show methodological and mathematical rigours aimed at designing questionnaires as objective measuring tools of health variables. Embracing the four phases of questionnaire design in Rasch techniques provides an easy-to-follow and scientifically robust framework for developing a questionnaire. Finally, the CTT approach to developing questionnaires lack evidence expected of an objective rating scale. Therefore, the four steps in Rasch techniques of questionnaire design, outlined here, present the techniques that researchers may engage in to minimise measurement errors.

Screening and determinant of suspected developmental delays among Egyptian preschool-aged children: a cross-sectional national community-based study

BackgroundEarly childhood life is critical for optimal development and is the foundation of future well-being. Genetic, sociocultural, and environmental factors are important determinants of child development.AimThe objectives were to screen for suspected developmental delays (DDs) among Egyptian preschool children, and to explore the determinants of these delays based on sociodemographic, epidemiological, maternal, and child perinatal risk factors.MethodsA national Egyptian cross-sectional developmental screening of a representative sample of preschool children (21,316 children) aged 12 to 71 months. The Revised Denver Prescreening Developmental Questionnaire (R-PDQ) followed by the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 2nd edition (DDST) was used.ResultsEach screened child manifested at least one of six developmental categories. Either typical development, gross motor delay (GM), fine motor adaptive delay (FMA), Language delay (L), Personal-social delay (PS), or multiple DDs. The prevalence of preschool children with at least one DD was 6.4%, while 4.5% had multiple DDs. Developmental language delay was the most prevalent, affecting 4.2% of children. The least affected domain was GM (1.9% of children). Boys were more likely to have DD than girls. Children in urban communities were more likely to have at least one DD than those in rural areas (OR = 1.28, 95%CI: 1.14–1.42), and children of middle social class than of low or high social class (OR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.30–1.70 & OR = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.23–1.59 respectively). The strong perinatal predictors for at least one DD were children with a history of postnatal convulsions (OR = 2.68, 95%CI: 1.97–3.64), low birth weight (OR = 2.06, 95%CI: 1.69–2.52), or history of postnatal cyanosis (OR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.26–2.49) and mothers had any health problem during pregnancy (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.44–2.07). Higher paternal and maternal education decreased the odds of having any DD by 43% (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.47–0.68) and 31% (OR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.58–0.82) respectively.ConclusionThis study demonstrates a considerable attempt to assess the types and the prevalence of DD among preschool children in Egypt. Perinatal factors are among the most common determinants of DD in preschool children and the majority could be preventable risk factors.

Organizational Commitment and Employees Turnover Intention in Saudi Public Sector: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction and Work Environemnt

Purpose: Organisational commitment is critical to an organization's success and growth. It leads to increased job satisfaction, lower turnover, improved performance, a more positive organisational culture, and increased customer satisfaction. This research tries to highlight the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention taking into account the mediation role of job satisfaction and work environment. Theoretical framework: Organizational commitment is very crucial in today working environment. Employees are more likely to be inspired and dedicated to their work when they feel committed to their organisation.(Freudenberger, 1974) .This results in increased productivity and performance. Furthermore, organizational commitment is important in employee retention. Employees that are committed to their company are less inclined to depart for other chances(Mathieu, Fabi, Lacoursiere, & Raymond, 2016). This lowers turnover rates and the costs associated with hiring and training new personnel. Methodology: This is a quantitative study that employed a structured questionnaire design. This study's sample consists of 193 public officers from the Saudi public sector in the western region who were chosen at randomly. Raw data gathered via mail questionnaires. The data collected was analyzed by SmartPLS 3 to test the study's hypotheses. Findings: Finding of this study indicates that organizational commitment has a substantial and statistically significant influence on Job Satisfaction (β = 0.601, t = 8.580, p = .001), and turnover intention (β = -0.363, t = 4.737, p = .001). In addition, the work environment and job satisfaction show mediation role in the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. Research, Practical & Social implications: Managers at the public organizations need to apply different strategies to enhance the overall job satisfaction like giving employees a voice and involving them in problem-solving. This make them feel valued and motivated. Such practice can lead to create a conducive working environment where few people decide to quit. Employees that are committed to their organisation are more inclined to put in extra effort and go the extra mile. It is highly recommended to adopt high-performance working environment. This requires an updated human resource management techniques and practices. Originality/Value: The findings of this study indicates that ORC has a substantial and statistically significant influence on Job Satisfaction, working environment, and turnover intention. This study also finds the work environment and job satisfaction are significantly mediated the relationship between organizational commitment and turnover intention. This contributes to the current literature especially in the public organizations studies.

Effectiveness of Quizizz on Students’ Learning Motivation and Engagement in a Filipino Class

The educational community has started to look into how well gamification works as a way to learn. This study aimed to determine how using Quizizz in a Filipino class would change how motivated and interested the students were. The study used a modified questionnaire and quasi-experimental research design. Descriptive analysis, mean, percentage and standard deviation were used to assess students' motivation and interest in Quizizz and traditional instruction. A paired samples t-test was used to see if there was a difference between how motivated and engaged students were in learning in a Filipino class that used standard methods and one that used Quizizz. Based on the study, there was a big difference between the traditional way and Quizizz in how motivated and interested the students were in learning. The study found that using Quizizz in a Filipino class makes students more curious and want to learn more.

ADOLESCENT-PARENT COMMUNICATION ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF TOKHA MUNICIPALITY, NEPAL : A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: As compared to other age groups, adolescents are more vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health issues. Parents can become protective and influencing factors for their children to prevent risky sexual behavior. Purpose: This study aimed to assess adolescent-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health and its associated factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study among 212 adolescents aged 15–19 in higher secondary schools of Tokha Municipality. A self-administered structured modified questionnaire to assess the communication used the Weighted Topics Measure of Family Sexual Communication tool with a simple random sampling technique. Descriptive statistical analysis and chi-square tests were used to analyze data and assess the association between variables. Data quality was assured through careful questionnaire design, pretesting, and training. Results: The study found that 75.9% of adolescents had communicated on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) topics with their parents, 24.1% never communicated, 47.2% seldom communicated on SRH topics, followed by sometimes (23.6%) and often (5.2%), respectively. Adolescent-parent communication on SRH was significantly associated with the level of knowledge regarding sexual and reproductive health (ꭓ2 = 5.809, p-value = 0.01, df = 1). Similarly, there was a significant association with the perceived parenting style (ꭓ2 =3.932, p-value =0.04, df =1), living arrangements (ꭓ2 =6.376, p-value=0.01, df =1), and adolescent-parent communication. Conclusion: It concluded that adolescent-parent communication on SRH issues is not satisfactory. Creating an adolescent-friendly environment at home and conducting awareness programs with the help of the local government of the respective schools would help to increase adolescent-parent communication.

Prevalence of random responders as a function of scale position and questionnaire length in the TIMSS 2015 eighth-grade student questionnaire

This study examined the impact of two questionnaire characteristics, scale position and questionnaire length, on the prevalence of random responders in the TIMSS 2015 eighth-grade student questionnaire. While there was no support for an absolute effect of questionnaire length, we did find a positive effect for scale position, with an increase of 5% in random responding over the course of the questionnaire (in both the shorter and the longer version). However, scale character turned out to be an unexpected but more important determinant. Scales about students’ confidence in mathematics or science showed an increase of 9% in random responding, which is double the impact of scale position. Potential mechanisms underlying the confidence case and general implications of the results for questionnaire design are discussed.

Which Scale Direction is More Difficult for Respondents to Use? An Eye-tracking Study

Scale direction is found to affect response distributions by yielding more selections of scale points closer to the beginning of the scale. Although this phenomenon has been empirically demonstrated in different modes of data collection for respondents with different demographic characteristics, it is not clear which scale direction is cognitively difficult for respondents to use. Eye-tracking is used to address this research question because it provides a direct window into how respondents process survey questions. I compared dilation and fixation measures across scale direction and found that the satisfaction scale and the frequency scale running from “Never” to “Very Often” had more and longer fixations. In addition, the dissatisfaction options incurred larger dilations, more peak dilations, and more and longer fixations than the other parts of the scale. Findings of this paper shed light on how respondents process response scales and have practical implications for questionnaire design. Furthermore, findings of this paper demonstrate the utility and potential of using eye-tracking in general and dilation measures in particular to understand cognitive burden of answering survey questions.

The development, content and response process validation of a caregiver-reported severity measure for CDKL5 deficiency disorder

BackgroundCDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) is a severe X-linked developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Existing developmental outcome measures have floor effects and cannot capture incremental changes in symptoms. We modified the caregiver portion of a CDD clinical severity assessment (CCSA) and assessed content and response-process validity. MethodsWe conducted cognitive interviews with 15 parent caregivers of 1–39-year-old children with CDD. Caregivers discussed their understanding and concerns regarding appropriateness of both questions and answer options. Item wording and questionnaire structure were adjusted iteratively to ensure questions were understood as intended. ResultsThe CCSA was refined during three rounds of cognitive interviews into two measures: (1) the CDD Developmental Questionnaire – Caregiver (CDQ-Caregiver) focused on developmental skills, and (2) the CDD Clinical Severity Assessment – Caregiver (CCSA-Caregiver) focused on symptom severity. Branching logic was used to ensure questions were age and skill appropriate. Initial pilot data (n = 11) suggested no floor effects. ConclusionsThis study modified the caregiver portion of the initial CCSA and provided evidence for its content and response process validity.

Understanding financial risk protection in China’s health system: a descriptive analysis using data from multiple national household surveys

BackgroundProviding financial risk protection is one of the fundamental goals of health systems. Catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and medical impoverishment (MI) are two common indicators in evaluating financial risk protection in health. As China continues its health system reform to provide accessible and affordable health care, it is important to have a clear understanding of China’s progress in financial risk protection. However, past research showed discrepancies in the incidence of CHE and MI. In this article, using data from four national household surveys, we analyzed levels and characteristics of CHE and MI in China under different definitions.MethodsWe used multiple conventional thresholds for CHE and MI to comprehensively describe the levels of financial risk protection in China. We used data from four national household surveys to measure the incidence of CHE and MI, and their inequalities by urban/rural status and by income quartiles. The Probit regression model was used to explore influencing factors of CHE and MI.ResultsWe found that the incidences of CHE and MI were largely consistent across four national household surveys, despite different sampling methods and questionnaire designs. At the 40% nonfood expenditure threshold, the incidence of CHE in China was 14.95%-17.73% across four surveys during the period of 2016–2017. Meanwhile, at the 1.9 US dollars poverty line, the incidence of MI was 2.01%-5.63%. Moreover, rural residents, lower-income subgroups, and smaller households were faced with higher financial risks from healthcare expenditures. Although positive progress in financial risk protection has been achieved in recent years, China has disproportionately high incidences of CHE and MI, compared to other countries.ConclusionChina has large margins for improvements in risk financial protection, with large inequalities across subgroups. Providing better financial protection for low-income groups in rural areas is the key to improve financial protection in China.

Development and initial evaluation of the Hearing Aid Attribute and Feature Importance Evaluation (HAFIE) questionnaire

Objectives To develop and validate a novel questionnaire aimed at providing a structured, evidence-based methodology for hearing aid recommendation and selection using self-reported importance ratings for different modern hearing aid features. Design The initial questionnaire items were created through a concept mapping approach that involved input from hearing aid users. Hearing care professional focus groups (n = 10) were conducted to assess questionnaire content and design, and to guide modifications. Validation of this initial 34-item version of the questionnaire was conducted using an anonymous online survey tool (Qualtrics). Exploratory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the dataset, using principal axis factoring. Questionnaire reliability and inter-item correlation were assessed. Items with low factor loading and high cross-loading were removed. Study sample Two hundred and eighteen adult participants with a self-reported hearing loss (median age = 48 years, range = 18–95 years) completed the questionnaire. Results Analysis and item removal resulted in a 28-item questionnaire. Three factors were identified, dividing the hearing aid features into the subscales: “Advanced connectivity & streaming”, “Physical attributes & usability”, and “Sound quality & intelligibility”. Conclusion This study has resulted in a patient-oriented questionnaire that allows clinicians to gather patient input in a structured manner.

Survey on Fungicide Usage Patterns and Farmer’s Willingness to Adopt Disease Management Practices in Cucurbits

The rising use of fungicides in cucurbits are significant issue, there are insufficient data to support the various factors influencing fungicide usage pattern. In this survey, a structured questionnaire and sequential exploratory mixed design was used to gather information about marginal scale (<5 acre) cucurbits farmers along with their perception on fungicide and their knowledge towards adopting integrated disease management. Cucurbits downy mildew and powdery mildew poses major diseases and shows severe yield loss upto 42% and 34%, respectively. The results revealed that most of the farmers heavily relied on fungicide (55.71%) for management, although they were aware of the negative impacts of fungicides on human health and the environment (67.14%). In this Dimethomorp (18.57%) and Metalaxyl + Mancozeb (17.14%) was mostly used. During a cropping season, farmers (38.57%) was used fungicide frequently for 8-9 times and also adhered to less pre-harvest intervals. In this study, a data on farmers following indiscriminate and frequent use of chemical fungicide which led to disease resurgence, resistance, also encouraged to follow integrated disease management strategy and adoption to preventive measures based on forewarning advisory.

Diseño y validación del cuestionario ACPAPS para valorar la atención centrada en la persona por el médico de familia

ObjectivesDesign, construction and validation of a self-completion test that allows the Family Physician (FP) to assess the extent to which he/she integrates person-centred care (PCC) in his/her clinical practice. DesignQualitative. Questionnaire design. LocationPrimary care. ParticipantsTwo hundred and fourteen family and community medicine physicians and residents, from 62 of the 80 health centres in the autonomous community of Murcia (Spain). MethodsConstruction of a questionnaire from a bank of 873 items from a systematic review and a Delphi study. Review by PCC panel of experts (8). Cognitive pretest with 10 FP. Doctors from 62 health centres were invited to participate. With the responses we measured reliability, validity and feasibility. ResultsThe final questionnaire contains 37 items. We measured reliability through internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha of .915. For construct validity, the appropriate Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of .889 allowed us to carry out a factor analysis with the extraction of nine factors (Kaiser's rule) with five main factors (Scree test) whose items coincide with the dimensions proposed by the experts. To assess its feasibility we considered the response rate of 31.15%, the response time of 17minutes 23seconds and only .9% of respondents considered the questionnaire long or complex. ConclusionsThe ACPAPS questionnaire is a reliable, valid and feasible tool to assess PCC in FM, which has multiple and far-reaching applications.