Design Of Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

Design and optimization of pi-slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna using surface response methodology for 5G applications

Modern wireless network antenna technologies are designed to meet the ever-increasing needs of emerging applications. Hence this paper investigates potential antenna impedance bandwidth performance enhancement techniques based on optimizing independent geometrical parameters of pi-shaped slotted dual-band rectangular microstrip patch antenna (DBRMSPA). The antenna considered in the optimization process is with a slotted patch which improves impedance bandwidth of the antenna. And independent factors are geometrical parameters that influence the antenna's impedance bandwidth (BW) and operating frequency (Fr). The factors are substrate height (Hs), patch length (L), and slot (s2) length (Ls), and the experiment is designed using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) suite 2019 to generate a dataset by varying these parameters in a specific range. Then based on the dataset, response surface methodology (RSM) is applied to develop mathematical models that relate the responses Fr and BW with independent variables. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), the effects of varying independent factors on both responses and model validation were investigated. Then constrained numerical optimization is applied to determine optimum design parameters. The optimized parameters, substrate height, patch length, and slot (s2) length (Ls) are 0.648 mm, 3.048 mm, and 1.325 mm, respectively. The optimized dual-band antenna, designed with optimized parameters, achieved a target impedance bandwidth (≥4 GHz), 7.2 GHz and 4.17 GHz at 28 GHz and 38 GHz, respectively. Similarly, the antenna's radiation efficiency at 28 GHz and 38 GHz is 75.457% and 88.6237%, respectively. The proposed antenna also gives a gain of 6 dBi at 28 GHz and 4.15 dBi at 38 GHz. And VSWR is less than 2 throughout its impedance bandwidth. All of these results were generated using the CST EM solver and validated using the Ansys High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS) with good agreement. As a result, the proposed potential performance enhancement techniques provide an antenna with a wide impedance bandwidth suitable for 5G mobile communication applications.

Design and Parametric Analysis of a Triple Band Waxing Crescent Moon Shaped Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communications

In this article author designs a new and compact patch antenna with the dimensions 40x21x1 mm3 on substrate called FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.4, sandwiched between a patch and a copper ground plane. Microstrip feedline is used to link the Moon-shaped antenna to the coaxial cable connection and the antenna's impedance is matched. slotted antenna has been found to resonate between the frequency bands of 23.67-24.82 GHz,25.46 -26.44GHz and 26.77-27.92 GHz at resonant frequency of 24.32 GHz ,25.91GHz and 27.36 GHz respectively. at all the resonant frequencies of 24.32 GHz ,25.91GHz and 27.36 GHz, VSWR of the proposed antenna is same with the value 1.06 dB. Microstrip feeding technique is used to create this microstrip patch design. This patch is being researched because it has a low VSWR at all the three resonant frequencies with high bandwidth. This design is suitable for triple band operations for wireless communication in the range of 5G frequency bands. By adopting an appropriate feeding mechanism and use of proper cutting slots in the rectangular patch, frequency band width can be increased. The electromagnetic simulation of the proposed antenna has been done using CST software. The analysis of performance will be based on changing the geometry of the patch and the obtained results are gain, VSWR, antenna efficiency and radiation pattern. After parametric analysis it is observed that this design is perfectly suitable for 5G wireless applications. KEYWORDS: Moon shape, Patch antenna, gain, 5G.

"Design of Compact Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna by Using Metamaterial Structure"

In today’s modern communication industry, antennas are the most essential components required to create a communication link. Micro strip antennas are the most suited for aerospace and cellular applications because of their low cost, light weight and low power handling capacity. The paper provides a detailed study of the design of compact circular microstrip patch antenna by using metamaterial structure.The metamaterial antenna is designed in FR4 Epoxy substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4, height of the substrate is 1.6 mm with a circular patch. Metamaterial analysis and simulation was done using HFSS 2022 R2 Software yields a best results of gain at their operating frequency (fr) and return loss. Desirable voltage standing wave ratio between 1 and 2 is achieved, after introducing artificial magnetic unit cell metamaterial on the circular patch antenna. Hence multiband antenna is obtained used for Sub-6 GHz 5G applications, operates in S, C, X, Ku bands.

REDUCING THE CROSS-POLARIZATION PATTERN IN A DUAL-POLARIZED ANTENNA USING SPIRAL AND SPLIT RING RESONATORS

This paper introduces the design of a new dual polarization rectangular microstrip patch antenna based on metamaterial structures at X-band. The work focuses on two distinct configurations of a microstrip patch antenna utilizing metamaterials. Pairs of spiral ring resonators are loaded into a rectangular patch antenna system in the first design. The second strategy involves inserting a split ring resonator at the end of microstrip feed lines. The utilization of metamaterial structures in the microstrip antenna system compensates for the patch antenna's asymmetric current distribution of the flow, resulting in symmetrical current distribution. The simulation results display an import cross-polarization cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and good port decoupling. The antenna system has various characteristics, including a basic structure and metamaterial inclusions that take up a small amount of space, making the suggested metamaterial inclusions more beneficial for dual-linear polarized patch antenna construction. These prototypes are suitable to work for polarimetric radars.

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design with Improved Shark Smell Optimization Model

Microstrip Patch Antenna Design with Improved Shark Smell Optimization Model

Hybrid optimization model for design and optimization of microstrip patch antenna

AbstractThe antenna design for a specified resonant frequency necessitates the computation of optimal values of different sizes. This is a harder task for microstrip patch antenna (MPA) since there is no precise numerical formula that leads to accurate solutions for designing these antennas. Presently, bio‐inspired approaches are widely deployed in numerous antenna designs and it has revealed an immense assurance in handling the rising necessities of antenna engineering for overall cost, reduced size, and enhanced performances. This work aims to introduce an optimal MPA design, where the antenna elements like patch length, patch height, substrate width, and substrate length are optimally tuned by a new hybrid optimization model. For this, a new hybridized model known as shark smell integrated EHO is proposed. Eventually, the primacy of the suggested model is scrutinized via varied assessments.

Design and Construction of a Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bluetooth Band Applications

Design and Construction of a Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bluetooth Band Applications

Gain and bandwidth enhancement of slotted microstrip antenna using metallic nanofilms for WLAN applications

Structural modifications on microstrip patch antenna design for performance enhancement offer improvements and advantages only up to a certain limit. However, with the use of novel material in the patch area, the performance of a microstrip patch antenna can further be enhanced in terms of gain and bandwidth. In this paper, a nanomaterial-based slotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna is proposed for gain and bandwidth enhancement in Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. A conventional copper rectangular microstrip antenna (MSA) with a rectangular slot in the patch area is first fabricated and then nanomaterial is deposited in the slot area. Two types of metallic nanoparticulate thin films are deposited using Gold Nanoparticles (Au NPs) and a combination of alternate Silver-Gold-Silver Nanoparticles (Ag-Au-Ag NPs) in the slot area and the antenna parameters analyzed. A comparison between the conventional slotted MSA, and the fabricated antenna with the two different nanoparticulate thin films is presented. It is found that the Au NPs based antenna shows a 12.5 % improvement in bandwidth for a return loss of −31 dB and a 0.5 dB enhancement in gain with a nanomaterial film thickness of 264 nm. The composite Ag-Au-Ag NPs based antenna shows even better performance than the former one with an 18.75 % improvement in bandwidth for a return loss of −30 dB along with gain enhancement of 2 dB with a nanomaterial film thickness of 330 nm. Both the Au NPs and Ag-Au-Ag NPs based antennas are found to resonate at 5.89 GHz and 5.81 GHz showing an electrical size reduction of 32.09 % and 31.15 %, respectively compared to the conventional rectangular MSA.

Characterization of metamaterial based patch antenna for worldwide interoperability for microwave access application

Electromagnetic metamaterial is an artificial material that is made up of different types of structural designs on dielectric substrates. In this paper a broad and elite investigation is being carried out by designing and simulating a metamaterial cell comprising a square split ring resonator with a copper wire strip etched on the ground plane to discover its some unusual parameters such as double negativity of cell which are naturally not found in other materials of nature. A course of action of these unit cells in a grouping shapes metamaterial. These metamaterial cells show exceptionally great applications in the design of microstrip patch antennas by improving their characteristics such as bandwidth, return loss, and gain. The proposed microstrip line feed patch antenna is designed at a 3.5 GHz resonance frequency useful for various worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) applications. The ground plane of a substrate of a patch antenna is loaded with a square split-ring resonator, the proposed antenna is fabricated to obtain experimental parameters. A conventional and proposed patch antenna is simulated, fabricated tested analysed, and reported for performance comparison of its parameters.

Design and optimization of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna for dual-band 2.45 GHz/ 5.8 GHz RFID application

This paper introduces a new rectangular slot antenna structure based on a simple rectangular shape with two symmetrical rectangular slots on the radiated element. The aim of this work is to design an antenna and enhance it to function in the band (2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz). We formulated the dimensions of the antenna using the transmission line model of the analytical methods and then we optimized these parameters using the CST Microwave Studio simulator. We made changes to two important parameters in our design: the position and width of the slots when the other parameters are kept constant. The resulting antenna provides good adaptation, high gain that achieves 5.96 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 6.491 dBi at 5.8 GHz, good return loss values of -49.859 dB and -34.303 dB for the lower and upper operating frequencies respectively. For radio frequency identification (RFID) implementations, the proposed antenna is ideal, and its main advantage is that it has high gain and is simple to design and fabricate.

Hybrid Evolutionary Computing Assisted Irregular-Shaped Patch Antenna Design for Wide Band Applications

A novel optimization concept for modeling irregular-shaped patch antenna with high bandwidth and efficient radiation attributes is proposed in this paper, along with the ability to accomplish the design at a reduced computational and cost burden. A revolutionary computing perception is established with Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) and Quantum Based Delta Particle Swarm Optimization (QPSO), now known as GSA-QPSO. The suggested model employed the GSA-QPSO algorithm strategically interfaced with a high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software through a Microsoft Visual Basic script to enhance irregular-shaped antenna design while maintaining wide bandwidth with suitable radiation efficiency over the target bandwidth region. The optimally designed microstrip patch antenna is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with a surface area of 30×30×1.6 mm 3 . The evaluated outcome shows 96 % supreme radiation efficacy at 2.4 GHz whereas overall effectiveness is above 84% over the entire frequency range, with a nearly omnidirectional radiation pattern. In terms of impedance bandwidth, the suggested antenna offers 126.6 % over the operational frequency range from 2.34 GHz to 10.44 GHz. Fabrication and measurement results are also used to validate the simulated results. It exhibits the proficiency of the offered antenna design to be used for real-world wideband (WB) communication drives.

Attenuation of EM Waves Emitted From Inset Feed Type Microstrip Rectangular Patch Antenna by Wet Snow

Microstrip patch antennas stand out because of their low cost, smaller size and easy fabrication. The study presents the design of a microstrip rectangular patch antenna operating at 2.6 GHz frequency and the effect of different weather conditions on the antenna. During the antenna design on CST program and manufacturing in the laboratory, it is aimed to perform the measurement at the desired frequency and decibel level. The study includes experiments and results made on different types of snow, apart from the normal measurement with the VNA. A good S11 scattering value was obtained at the desired frequency in the designed microstrip patch antenna as -18.48 dB. This value decreased to around -5 dB when there was wet snow on the antenna due to attenuation and thermal effects. If the snow was removed from the antenna, the old S11 value could not be returned because of the wetness left by the snow, and it remained at approximately -14 dB. Consequently, the attenuation of the electromagnetic waves have been confirmed by the literature under different conditions as wet snow with nano VNA for the first time. Attenuation by wet snow and water is greater than dry snow with voids.

Design, fabrication and performance analysis of floodlight shaped microstrip antenna for Wi-Fi/IoT applications

This paper proposes a design and fabrication of a floodlight-shaped microstrip patch antenna using flame-retardant (FR)-4 substrate within the frequency band of 1-6 GHz. The proposed antenna resonating at a multi-frequency band (2.01-2.2 GHz, 3.7-3.8 GHz, 4.82-4.96 GHz, and 5.61-6 GHz) is suitable for Wi-Fi and IoT applications. The proposed antenna has a size of 50×60×1.6 mm 3. The design was implemented using CADFEKO software, and the same was fabricated and measured using a vector network analyzer. Further, the performance analysis of the structure is carried out using the CADFEKO software, firstly by shifting the location of the microstrip feed line along the width of the patch and secondly by amending the structure. The verdicts show that the proposed antenna provides high impedance matching at multi-frequency bands and shows a very good agreement between simulated and fabricated results. The changed feed-line location and modified structure provide improved performance, which can be utilized for various other wireless communication channels.

Inverted T-Shaped DGS loaded nearly square microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications

ABSTRACT This research presents an inverted ‘T’-shaped Defected Ground Structure (DGS)-loaded single feed circularly polarised nearly square microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna structure uses an inverted ‘T’-shaped DGS and exhibits an overall impedance (S11< −10 dB) of 665 MHz (12%) and an axial ratio bandwidth of 140 MHz (2.61%) with right-hand circular polarisation having a gain of 3.91 dBi. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated and fabricated using the FR4 substrate. The electrical size of the designed microstrip patch antenna is 0.238λ × 0.216λ. Using an inverted ‘T’-shaped DGS, the antenna size has been reduced by 13.8%. The detailed design and analysis of the proposed broadband circularly polarised microstrip patch antenna are discussed and presented. The fabricated antenna is tested, and the measured impedance bandwidth is 557 MHz (10%). The measured results are in good agreement with simulated results, and the proposed antenna can be suitable for WLAN, Wi-MAX and Hyper LAN applications.

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 3.3 GHz Frequency for S-band Applications

Design of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 3.3 GHz Frequency for S-band Applications

Rectangular microstrip antenna design with multi-slotted patch and partial grounding for performance enhancement

&lt;span&gt;This paper presents design of a rectangular microstrip patch antenna by using multi-slotted patch and partial grounding plane techniques for both the gain and bandwidth enhancement at the same time. The antenna is designed and simulated for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications using a high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) on FR4_epoxy substrate having a size of 30×20 mm with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4, a tangent loss of 0.02, and a thickness of 0.8 mm and excited by a simple 50 Ω microstrip feed line. The simulation results show that the antenna attains an improved gain of 8.06 dB with a wider impedance bandwidth of 19.7 GHz ranges from 3.15 to 22.85 GHz. The antenna also achieves an efficiency of 96.83% with a return loss of -28.35 dB, and a directivity of 9.39 dB within the entire frequency range. These results imply that the deployment of multi-slotted patch and partial grounding techniques in designing a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is effective in improving its performance.&lt;/span&gt;

Design and Analysis of MIMO Patch Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication Systems

In this work, the circular array microstrip patch antenna (MPA) design is proposed for the 5G wireless communication and the millimeter- wave frequency being utilized for this communication system to enhance the coverage area. Here, the Multi Input Multi Output feeding technique is utilized to improve the performance of the proposed design at a resonant frequency of 35 GHz with RT-Duroid 5880 material as substrate. It has 2.2 dielectric constant value and the thickness is 0.5mm.The simulation analysis has obtained the gain as 8.8dB and return loss as -41.9dB. Also, two MPA designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA are designed to validate the proposed antenna design. A comparative analysis has proved that the circular array MPA is preferable for the 5G wireless communication system compared to the other two designs such as single element MPA and 2x2 rectangular array MPA.

Simulation and Optimization of Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile 5G Communications

Microstrip or patch antennas are becoming increasingly useful because they can be printed directly onto a circuit board. The microstrip antennas are becoming very widespread within the mobile phone market. Patch antennas are low fabrication cost, have lightweight, and are easily fabricated. The lightweight construction and the suitability for integration with microwave integrated circuits are two more of their numerous advantages. This work introduces a design of a rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) at a frequency of 28 GHz using the finite integration technique of the Computer Simulation Technology (CST). The simulated antenna is employed for the 5G mobile communication. The inset-fed technique has been used to feed the rectangular MPA because it is easy to fabricate and provides simplicity in modelling as well as impedance matching. In order, to facilitate the fabrication and reach the best results, an attempt has been made to improve parameters through optimized patch dimensions by trial and error. A reasonable gain, bandwidth, radiation pattern, and return loss have been obtained after the antenna simulation process was completed.

A Review on Novel Microstrip Patch Antenna Designs and Feeding Techniques

Mobile technology is rapidly advancing nowadays due to its high impact in our day-to-day lives. As a result, there is an increasing need to study the advancement of antenna systems, which are regarded as fundamental equipment for wireless connectivity. Compared to the traditional large size antennas, microstrip patch antennas are now widely used in different applications such as smart phones, military, smart wearable devices etc. due to its unique characteristics such as lighter weight, reconfigurable structure, foldability, ease of fabrication, multi-frequency operations, and compactness. This research study presents a review on various microstrip patch antenna designs and the different antenna feed mechanisms available for 5G applications.

Design and Analysis of Microstrip Patch Antennas for Narrow Band Communication Applications

Abstract- Microstrip antennas are low-profile antennas. A metal patch mounted at a ground level with a dielectric material in between constitutes a Microstrip or Patch Antenna. These are very low- size antennas having low radiation. The patch antennas are popular for low-profile applications at frequencies above 100 MHz, these antennas consist of a very thin metallic strip placed on a ground plane with a dielectric material in-between. Usually, the antennas are chosen to be circular or rectangular in shape for ease of analysis and fabrication. These antennas are employed at ultra-high frequencies and higher frequencies. This paper aims to design and analysis of microstrip patch antennas for Narrowband Communication Applications by the analysis on antenna parameters such as Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), S11 Parameters, Radiation Pattern and Gain. Dielectric materials FR4 Epoxy, RT Duroid 5880, RT Duroid 6006 and RT Duroid 6010 are considered whose permittivity is 4.4, 2.2, 6.15 and 10.2. The antennas are simulated at 900 MHz frequency using Ansys Electromagnetic Suite (HFSS) software and the resultant graphical analyses of the parameters are plotted. The antennas are also fabricated with the above dielectric materials and are tested for practical values using a network analyser using Midas software. The results show that RT-Duriod 6006 gives better values when compared to the other substrate materials. The gain observed is 12.6 dB with a VSWR of 1.65. From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the antenna made from this substrate material (RT-Duriod 6006) are best suited for narrow band communication applications.