Integrated Design Research Articles

The Integration Design of “Course, Certificate, Post and Ability” for Software Application Courses Based on CBE

The Integration Design of “Course, Certificate, Post and Ability” for Software Application Courses Based on CBE

An online surrogate-assisted neighborhood search algorithm based on deep neural network for thermal layout optimization

Thermal layout optimization problems are common in integrated circuit design, where a large number of electronic components are placed on the layout, and a low temperature (i.e., high efficiency) is achieved by optimizing the positions of the electronic components. The operating temperature value of the layout is obtained by measuring the temperature field from the expensive simulation. Based on this, the thermal layout optimization problem can be viewed as an expensive combinatorial optimization problem. In order to reduce the evaluation cost, surrogate models have been widely used to replace the expensive simulations in the optimization process. However, facing the discrete decision space in thermal layout problems, generic surrogate models have large prediction errors, leading to a wrong guidance of the optimization direction. In this work, the layout scheme and its temperature field are represented by images whose relation can be well approximated by a deep neural network. Therefore, we propose an online deep surrogate-assisted optimization algorithm for thermal layout optimization. First, the iterative local search is developed to explore the discrete decision space to generate new layout schemes. Then, we design a deep neural network to build an image-to-image mapping model between the layout and the temperature field as the approximated evaluation. The operating temperature of the layout can be measured by the temperature field predicted by the mapping model. Finally, a segmented fusion model management strategy is proposed to online updates the parameters of the network. The experimental results on three kinds of layout datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm, especially when the required computational budget is limited.

Mask-less Laser Direct Imaging & Adaptive Patterning for Fan-Out Heterogeneous Integration

Mask-less Laser Direct Imaging & Adaptive Patterning for Fan-Out Heterogeneous Integration

A fine-grained detection method for gate-level hardware Trojan based on bidirectional Graph Neural Networks

Due to technical barriers and economic costs, malicious circuits, known as hardware Trojans, are easily implanted in the complicated integrated circuit design and manufacturing process, which can lead to many disastrous consequences, such as denial of service, information leakage, performance degradation, etc. Research on how to detecting hardware Trojans has grown into a significantly open issue over the past decade. While, for very large scale integrated circuits, numerous new challenges deserve our full attention, including golden-free chip reference, automatic feature engineering, hardware Trojan localization, and scalable framework. In response to the above challenges, a fine-grained gate-level hardware Trojan detection approach is proposed in this paper, named GateDet, from improving earlier circuit graph modeling to developing a detection framework based on Bidirectional Graph Convolution Networks with a timely information fusion strategy. GateDet achieves automatic feature circuit extraction and further overcomes the original neighborhood limitation of Bidirectional Graph Convolution Network. Moreover, for large-scale training, it comprehensively considers the problems of sample imbalance and boundary network, and develops a circuit directed graph sampling method based on GraphSAINT, which improves the training performance of the directed graph framework. From experiments, GateDet shows high scalability on 24 benchmarks of TrustHub. It could be used to learn about adaptive structural feature extraction for different Trojans simultaneously. Compared to the existing gate-level detections, the fine-grained results of GateDet are more accurate and can be used to track suspicious structures, reducing manual review.

Practical application of circularity micro-indicators to automotive plastic parts in an industrial context

The increasing amount of plastics in new vehicles, and the consequent growth of plastics in the automotive shredder residue, makes it imperative and urgent to improve reuse and/or recovery of plastics at the vehicle's end-of-life. Circularity micro-indicators can identify improvement guidelines and monitor the transition to a more circular economic model; however, the complexity, variety of scope and approach, and scarcity of information on most of the circularity micro-indicators hamper their practical adoption by companies.In this paper, we identify relevant micro-indicators for the automotive sector, focusing on key aspects for automotive plastic parts. Further, to showcase the application of these micro-indicators in a real industrial context, a case-study plastic automotive component was identified in collaboration with a tier II supplier and five complementary circularity micro-indicators were evaluated.We found 23 circularity micro-indicators (at the product level) that are highly relevant for automotive parts and we discuss individually how each can provide useful information. Results indicate an enormous improvement opportunity to improve circularity of plastic automotive parts, namely in the use of more sustainable material sources (recycled, bio-based, or compostable materials) and promotion of end-of-life recovery approaches (reuse or refurbish, and take-back systems).We concluded that practices adopted by industry to optimize production, in terms of design for manufacturing and design for assembly, as well as in the composition of plastic automotive parts, namely integral design, multi-material parts, or welding components made from different materials, severely limit the implementation of circular economy approaches, a situation that needs to be reverted by legislators and companies.

Wide-swath and high-resolution whisk-broom imaging and on-orbit performance of SDGSAT-1 thermal infrared spectrometer

Wide-swath and high-resolution Thermal infrared (TIR) data are limited by the mutual constraint between swath and resolution. In this paper, we propose a whisk-broom imaging method with the long-linear-array (LLA) 4-stage TDI detector (a total of 2048 pixels along splicing direction) and high-precision one-dimensional scanning mirror to achieve 30 m resolution and 300 km swath. And it is being implemented in the first SDGs satellite (SATSAT-1) thermal infrared spectrometer (TIS). Specially, the integration time of whisk-broom imaging system is limited by the speed of scanning mirror, and the shorter integration time is a huge challenge to meet the requirement of high sensitivity and dynamic range. The HgCdTe detector has been improved in its annealing process to reduce dark current and noise, and the opto-mechanical system has been regulated at 195 K to reduce instrument self-emission. To address the limitations of small satellite resources, TIS is equipped with a highly integrated and lightweight design, weighing 247.5 kg and consuming 248 watts respectively. As a result of the complexity of imaging mechanisms and the low frequency of deep space observations, positioning error and radiometric calibration resources have increased, and geometric and radiometric calibration methods have been improved. On-orbit test results show that TIS is capable of detecting temperature differences with a NEdT (noise equivalent differential temperature) less than 0.08 K@300 K, an absolute radiometric accuracy of less than 1 K @ 300 K, and MTF of greater than 0.125. Presently, a collection of more than 201,856 scenes covering land and marine and some precious TIR datasets of planes and naval vessels have been obtained and provided for United Nations for the realization of SDGs goals.

Aerodynamic analysis of an airframe-inlet integrated full-waverider vehicle designed by osculating cone theory

Recently proposed, the airframe/inlet integrated full-waverider vehicle design methodology introduces an innovative approach to the design of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles. This methodology, compared to traditional integrated waverider design methods, leverages the features of the waverider to enhance the compression ability of the precompression surface and the lift-to-drag ratio characteristics of the vehicle. However, existing full-waverider design methods, based on cone-derived waverider theory, result in a gas cross-flow phenomenon at the inlet lip due to the conical shockwave. This paper suggests an airframe/inlet integrated full-waverider vehicle design method that utilizes the osculating cone waverider theory to improve gas intake quality. Initially, we present the method to obtain profile lines and basic flow field models at different osculating planes of the vehicle. We then validate the osculating cone integrated full-waverider vehicle design methodology through computational fluid dynamics. Although the viscous effect slightly reduces the lift-to-drag ratio of the vehicle and the total pressure recovery coefficient at the isolator exit, the shock wave remains attached to the leading-edge. Finally, a comparison with the cone-derived integrated full-waverider vehicle reveals that the osculating cone integrated full-waverider vehicle achieves similar aerodynamic performance, but with superior gas intake quality. The results indicate that the methodology proposed herein holds promise for guiding future engineering applications of integrated full-waverider vehicles.

Evolutionary algorithm-based integrated design of material-structural microwave absorption using material extrusion

The development of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and structures holds significant importance in fields such as aerospace and electronic communications. Traditional absorbing coatings have poor mechanical load-bearing capacity and struggle to meet the requirements of lightweight applications. On the other hand, the research on lossy dielectric absorbers is limited by process constraints, making it difficult to fabricate complex configurations, thereby greatly restricting their broadband absorption performance. In this study, a functional absorbing composite filament was developed using material extrusion technique. A magnetic lossy four-layer gradient honeycomb metastructure was designed, which enables effective absorption in the frequency range of 6.09–37.18 GHz within a thickness of 16 mm. The effective absorption bandwidth covers 81.82 % in the frequency range of 2–40 GHz. This broadband absorbing design achieves the integration of material functionality and structural design by additive manufacturing, enabling effective absorption across a broad frequency range.

Fuel performance evaluation of two high burnup PWR core designs during normal operation, control rod withdrawal, and control rod ejection scenarios

There is interest among utilities to extend the current, 18-month operating cycle to 24 months. Economically, this extension would require greater than 5 % enrichment and peak rod average discharge burnup levels above 62 GWd/MTU. A notable challenge of increasing enrichment is the resulting additional excess reactivity encountered during the early stages of fuel life. To accommodate, burnable absorbers beyond soluble boron are introduced into the fuel system. In high burnup fuels, the possibilities of cladding lift-off and fuel melting increase due, in part, to increased rod internal pressures and limited fuel thermal conductivity, respectively. This work collaboratively employs PARCS, RELAP5-3D, and BISON to compare the fuel performance of two high burnup fuel candidates with higher than 5 % enrichment. The fuel performance parameters were compared to current NRC guidance. The results demonstrate an annular fuel design with homogenously blended gadolinium as a burnable absorber operates with greater safety margins during normal operation, allowing for additional operational flexibility. During normal operation, the core design utilizing Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber pins contained fuel pins which reached plenum pressures above 15.5 MPa by the end of the first fuel cycle and fuel pins experienced cladding hoop strains above 1 %. In the Gd core design, only two observed pins experienced plenum pressures above 15.5 MPa and no pins exceeded 1 % cladding hoop strain. During the control rod withdrawal scenario, plenum pressures for pins in both designs marginally exceeded system pressure, however neither experienced excessive hoop strain. The Gd core design experienced a maximum fuel temperature of 2418 K, which is significantly higher than the Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber design at 2157 K, but still within regulatory guidance. We predicted that the fuel in both could return to service after the CRW event. We also predicted that cladding would not fail during the Control Rod Ejection in either core design. Generally, the Integral Fuel Burnable Absorber core design performed with greater safety margin with regards to temperature during normal operation and the transient events. However, the Gd core design performed with greater safety margin regarding plenum pressure and hoop strain limits during normal operation and both transient events.

Joint Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Antenna Design for UAV-Enabled Communications

Wireless communications aided by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have emerged as a promising technology for serving numerous terminal devices of the Internet of Things (IoT). To support such a broad range of emerging applications, millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) is an effective solution because it has the characteristics of high transmission efficiency, wide frequency band, and very low latency. Meanwhile, a UAV-assisted communication system also requires a global positioning system (GPS) reception (1.575 GHz) and ground control unit (2.4 GHz). This paper investigates a highly integrated multi-band antenna design to operate at the microwave (μ-Wave) and mm-Wave bands for robust and flexible UAV communications. Each antenna operating band utilizes the technology of a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity-backed antenna. By strategically engineering an mm-Wave antenna into a 2.4 GHz band antenna to share the aperture, besides showing high aperture reuse efficiency with a large frequency ratio, the proposed antenna has also maintained the geometrical advantages of compactness, planar configuration, and ease of integration with other circuits. Furthermore, the proposed antenna can provide flexible radiation patterns with upper/lower-space signal coverage according to the mission demands of the UAV. Experimental results of the prototype show that the antenna can fully cover the 1.575 GHz, 2.4 GHz, and fifth-generation (5G) mm-Wave bands of n257, n258, and n261. Multiple bands and stable radiation characteristics indicate the proposed antenna's suitability for deploying a UAV-supported wireless network.

A Built-In Integrated Magnetorheological Fluid Brake Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor

In this paper, a built-in integrated magnetorheological (MR) fluid brake permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented, which can switch between rotation and brake operation states in a relatively simple structure by integrating the MR fluid brake inside the rotor of the PMSM. Benefiting from the different flux paths design corresponding to the armature winding in the outer stator and the braking winding in the inner stator, the proposed machine can provide adequate brake torque and improve space utilization. This paper illustrates machine topology, operation principles, and design considerations. After proceeding flux leakage reduction, magnetic pole layout optimization of the braking winding, and balance optimization between brake torque and electromagnetic torque, successively, the optimal machine is obtained. Finally, the finite element analysis is devoted to the electromagnetic performance analysis of the proposed machine, and torque capabilities between rotation and brake states are compared, verifying the feasibility of the integration design.

Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat Melalui Pendekatan Budaya

The purpose of this review is to determine the application of nurse therapeutic communication in various cultures. This review method uses an integrative review research methodology modified by Whittemore & Knafl in 2005. This research uses an Integrative Review design, using five databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Cochrane Library and DOAJ. Publication assessment uses critical appraisal designed by Bowling (2001). The results of the review showed that 5 articles were included in the analysis. Barriers to nurse communication were found, namely language differences, inadequate language translators, lack of education and communication training for nurses, fatigue and high nurse workload. Efforts to improve nurse communication include the need to improve communication and cultural skills as well as the need for translators/mediators to help nurses communicate with patients who come from different cultures. In conclusion, there were many obstacles found in nurse-patient communication originating from various cultures throughout the world so that a further cultural approach was needed to improve the quality of nurses' therapeutic communication.
 
 Keywords: Therapeutic Communication, Cultural Approach, Nurse

Kinematic and optimal design of a three-wheeled holonomic omnidirectional robot platform for mobile manipulation tasks

Mobile manipulator robots are increasingly vital in industrial and service sectors, serving roles in assembly, inspection, and hazardous environments. The integration of a manipulator with a mobile robot base imposes unique demands on the vehicle's drive system. This paper introduces a three-wheel holonomic omnidirectional robot designed for mobile applications. It explores kinematic equations, electronic integration, and mechanical design for holonomic motion. This platform excels in mobility, capable of simultaneous translation and rotation, facilitating precise multidirectional motion. Its equilateral truncated triangular structure ensures stability, supporting up to 4 kg. With three omnidirectional wheels and DC motors, controlled by EMS 30A H-Bridge and Arduino Mega 2560, it offers an open platform for research and development. This robust platform aligns kinematic calculations with mathematical models, promising efficiency for diverse mobile manipulation robot applications.

Versatile On-Chip Programming of Circuit Hardware for Wearable and Implantable Biomedical Microdevices.

Wearable and implantable microscale electronic sensors have been developed for a range of biomedical applications. The sensors, typically millimeter size silicon microchips, are sought for multiple sensing functions but are severely constrained by size and power. To address these challenges, a hardware programmable application-specific integrated circuit design is proposed and post-process methodology is exemplified by the design of battery-less wireless microchips. Specifically, both mixed-signal and radio frequency circuits are designed by incorporating metal fuses and anti-fuses on the top metal layer to enable programmability of any number of features in hardware of the system-on-chip (SoC) designs. This is accomplished in post-foundry editing by combining laser ablation and focused ion beam processing. The programmability provided by the technique can significantly accelerate the SoC chip development process by enabling the exploration of multiple internal circuit parameters without the requirement of additional programming pads or extra power consumption. As examples, experimental results are described for sub-millimeter size complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor microchips being developed for wireless electroencephalogram sensors and as implantable microstimulators for neural interfaces. The editing technique can be broadly applicable for miniaturized biomedical wearables and implants, opening up new possibilities for their expedited development and adoption in the field of smart healthcare.

A novel sandwich structured spoof surface plasmon polaritons antenna integrating multibeam and enhanced mechanical performances

The conventional antennas will increase the radar cross section of aircrafts and affect their aerodynamic performances, a novel antenna scheme for radiation and load-bearing integrated design based on composite sandwich structure is proposed. By constructing spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) structure and combining it with glass fiber composite (FR-4) plates, the radiation direction of the monopole can be controlled and the antenna will be endowed with load-bearing capacity. At the meantime, polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam is filled in its spacing to improve the mechanical performances greatly. Through electromagnetic (EM) simulation and test, it is found that four-beam radiation in different directions and eight-beam radiation can be realized by changing the position of the FR-4 laminates, and the bandwidth is all about 1 GHz with a peak gain about 6.5 dBi. Out-of-plane compression experiment indicates that the proposed PMI foam-filled multibeam antenna structure (PFMAS) gathers the high load-bearing capacity of multibeam antenna structure (MAS) and the high energy absorption characteristics of PMI foam, showing an obvious coupling effect. Its specific compressive strength is 150.10 % and 6.28 %, and energy absorption capacity per unit volume is 169.91 % and 362.08 % higher than that of PMI foam and MAS, respectively. The proposed PFMAS improves the structural utilization efficiency, and can be applied to some interlocking units of square honeycomb structure to endow multibeam radiation characteristics, which can expand the application of integrated antenna structures effectively.

Proportional Integral Observer-Based Controller for an H2AT System under the Takagi-Sugeno Representation

In this article the main objective is the design of a proportional integral (PI) observer that allows estimate the nonmeasurable states of an H2AT pendulum, who represents a person with spinal cord injury and contributes to a better understanding of the behavior of individuals with spinal cord injury. Based on the PI observer, a state feedback controller is designed for a system T-S representation.

Virtual Reality-Based Instructional Media through Enriched Virtual Classroom in Microteaching

Current technological advances challenge educational institutions to create innovative learning. Therefore, one way to create innovative learning can be done by developing technology-based learning media models. This research aims to develop innovative learning in higher education using virtual reality-based instructional media through enriched virtual classroom in microteaching courses. The Integrative Learning Design Framework (ILDF) development model is used in this study. Data was collected by distributing questionnaires to media and material experts from educational technology study program to conduct product trials and in-depth interviews with five students and a microteaching lecture at Universitas Negeri Jakarta. The result shows that the virtual reality model can be the ease and achievement of microteaching learning objectives. This research has implications for microteaching learning models for pre-service teachers so that they can provide teaching experience with minimal risk and encourage learning innovation through educational technology.

ALGERIAN THIRD YEAR ENGLISH COURSEBOOK SCRUTINY: ‘MY BOOK OF ENGLISH’ AS A SAMPLE

It is widely acknowledged that coursebooks can be a useful source of information and knowledge for both teachers and learners. They are frequently written by subject-matter experts and can provide a logical and exhaustive overview of the target topic. Referring to the 2022-2023 academic year and with respect to the integration of English in Algerian primary school education, it was noticed that the circumstances in which the decision has been taken might need much more time because the interval between the decision of English integration and coursebook design was too short for a well-thought teaching material. Therefore, the major issue that is being questioned is how well ‘My Book of English’ meets the learners’ age, interest, and attractiveness. The issue under investigation seeks to scrutinize the un/suitability of the current English coursebook content and its impact on 3rd-year primary school learners as regards their competency, needs, and preferences. To answer the research questions and dis/confirm its hypotheses, the study relies on a mixed method, ensuring credible and valid data. Consequently, one questionnaire was put online, and addressed to primary school English teachers, and only fifty-four (54) respondents willingly responded. Besides, the coursebook evaluation grid was filled out by two experts, i.e., primary-school English teachers’ trainers. The results reveal that the coursebook content contains some shortcomings such as poor representation of the language culture, authentic material, grammar logical order, and glossary. In fact, these deficiencies should be palliated for high-quality instruction and successful achievement.

Symplectic stiffness method for the buckling analysis of hierarchical and chiral cellular honeycomb structures

Structure-function-material integration design based on the buckling instability of flexible cellular structures has attracted much attention. According to the reversible and repeatable characteristics of buckling deformation, phonon bandgap switches, the autonomous drive of soft robots, programmable logic controllers, and reusable spacecraft landing buffer devices can be designed. Based on the Hamiltonian variational principle and symplectic eigen expansion, a theoretical analysis model of the symplectic stiffness method is established, and analytical expressions for the stiffness of several typical buckling modes of elastically supported beams are obtained. The analytical closed-form expressions for the macroscopic buckling strength of honeycombs are obtained according to the bending moment equilibrium equation. The buckling modes of regular hexagonal, hierarchical hexagonal, and tri-chiral honeycombs are obtained by numerical simulation and experimental verification, and some novel higher-order modes are observed. Uniaxial compression experiments reveal that these higher-order buckling modes can be triggered by adjusting the geometric parameters of the unit cells. The high agreement between experimental, numerical, and existing literature results for the failure surfaces of cellular structures verifies the effectiveness of the proposed symplectic stiffness method. In a word, the buckling modes can be designed to meet different functional requirements by changing the initial configuration of flexible cellular structures. This provides a new idea and theoretical guidance for the development of metamaterials and structures with tailored properties.

FinFET based SRAM cells design in various topologies using different power reduction techniques

<p>In Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) design, device scaling is restricted due to subthreshold swing limitations and short channel effects. This article discusses the role of different power reduction techniques in the implementation of 14 nm fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) centered static random access memory (SRAM) cells with good subthreshold swing and reduced short channel effects (SCE). Dynamic threshold and power gating are incorporated in SRAM cells to advance the memory cell performance by reducing static power dissipation in standby mode. The power analysis was performed on different SRAM cells with different transistor count i.e., 6, 7, 8, and 9. The performance of SRAM cell is analysed in power dissipation and is reduced by 20% using power gating method and in dynamic threshold it is reduced to nano watts due to less leakage power.</p>