Garden Design Research Articles

Effects of Theme-Based Garden Book Making in Capstone Design on Self-Determination and Social Skills of College Students with Developmental Disabilities

Background and objective: This study was conducted to examine the effects of the theme-based garden book (photo book) making integration program on social skills and self-determination of college students with developmental disabilities.Methods: We analyzed the changes in social skills and self-determination of college students with developmental disabilities. The first step was defining the theme-based garden book (photo book) making integration program, which was done by focus group interviews (FGI) comprised of specialists in the industry and academia. The second step was carrying out 8 sessions of the program. The third step was examining the effects of the program on social skills and self-determination of college students with developmental disabilities. The participants of this study were 36 college students with developmental disabilities attending N University, and 17 students were in the experiment group and the other 19 in the control group.Results: The control group showed no statistically significant changes in the three sub-domains of social skills, while the experimental group showed statistically significant differences across all three sub-domains, such as cooperation (P < .05), assertion (P < .05), and self-control (P < .05). The experimental group, that participated in the program showed statistically significant differences across all four sub-domains of self-determination skills, such as behavior (P < .05), cognition(P < .05), school support(P < .05) and home support(P < .05). This proved that the theme-based garden book (photo book) making program contributed to bringing positive effects to self-determination and social skills.Conclusion: These results suggest that the theme-based garden book (photo book) making integration program could improve self-determination and social skills of college students with developmental disabilities. These positive changes are related to the high level of interest in theme-based garden design programs among college students with developmental disabilities, and thus these programs can be used effectively to improve social adjustment.Key words: autism, book design, gardening design, social adjustment, project

Research on Community Structure of Different Land and Soil Fauna in Urban Garden Ecosystem Aided by Computer Technology

The so-called urban garden ecological landscape and soil animal community refers to the computer-aided design landscape and soil animal community formed by the gradual transformation of natural due to the needs of human production and life. This kind of urban garden ecological landscape and soil animal community created the rural pastoral scenery for human cognition and aesthetic appreciation and had a profound influence on the computer-aided design of garden planning in western countries since modern times. However, with the continuous advancement and development of agricultural modernization, the original computer-aided design of urban garden ecological landscape and soil animal community in China has been impacted to some extent, and the current garden planning and computer-aided design should pay more attention to the sustainable development of computer-aided design of rural garden. This paper expounds on urban landscape ecological landscape and the contents of soil animal community, to urban landscape and ecological protection and development of soil animal community is analyzed, and based on urban landscape ecological landscape and soil animal community example from the space to the development of computer aided design and modelling strategy analysis, in order to offer reader reference.

The relationship between particulate matter retention capacity and leaf surface micromorphology of ten tree species in Hangzhou, China

Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is one of the main environmental air pollutants, but it can be retained and adsorbed by plants. To systematically and comprehensively conduct qualitative and quantitative research on the relationship between the leaf PM retention ability and the microstructure of leaf surfaces, this study evaluated the PM retention abilities of ten common tree species (1860 leaf pieces in total) in the greenbelts around the Lin'an toll station of the Hang-Rui Expressway in Hangzhou, China, in October 2019. The leaf surface roughness and contact angle were measured with confocal laser scanning microscopy and a contact angle measuring instrument. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to collect data on the stomata and groove morphology. The PM retention ability of the leaves was assessed by quantifying the PM mass and number density on the leaves. The results revealed that Platanus acerifolia and Sapindus mukorossi had a strong ability to retain particulates of different sizes. The mass of the retained PM2.5 on their leaves accounted for the lowest proportion (mean: 8.12%) among the total retained particulate mass, but the number density of the retained PM2.5 accounted for the highest proportion (mean: 97.49%) among the total number density. A significant negative correlation between the PM2.5 mass and the groove width on the adaxial surface (R2 = 0.746, P < 0.05) and a significant positive correlation between the roughness and the PM number density on the adaxial surface (R2 = 0.702, P < 0.01) were observed. No obvious correlations were found among the groove width, roughness and number density of the retained PM on the abaxial surface. Leaf surfaces with dense and narrow grooves, strip-like projections, high roughness and high wettability had strong retention abilities. This study can provide a theoretical reference for selecting plants with strong PM retention ability for green urban garden design.

Planning of Urban Green Spaces: An Ecological Perspective on Human Benefits

In the context of urban land-use growth and the consequent impacts on the environment, green spaces provide ecosystem services for human health. The ecosystem services concept synthesises human–environmental interactions through a series of combined components of biodiversity and abiotic elements, linking ecological processes and functions. The concept of green infrastructure (GI) in the urban context emphasises the quality and quantity of urban and peri-urban green spaces and natural areas. In dense urban contexts, the applications of GI are limited and not applied to the potential urban spaces such as roofs and gardens. Often, roofs are characterised by impermeable paved surfaces with negative effects on human well-being, whereas garden designs do not consider social needs and environmental interactions. The role of urban stressors or the urban context as a driving force or pressure of urban green space is not always well understood and employed in the planning of green spaces. This is partly due to a knowledge gap between different science disciplines that operate on different scales, from single processes of the plants (which focus on plant responses to environmental stresses affecting human well-being) to urban ecosystems (which focus on the biodiversity and urban space planning–human well-being relationship). This can create a paradox, as green spaces that are not adequately designed might not produce the expected effects. In this paper, an overview of benefits and limitations of applying the ecosystem services approach when designing green spaces is presented. The focus is on the main urban ecosystem services provided by green roofs and community gardens such as GI that can represent strategies to provide ecological and social multifunctionality to waterproofed surfaces connected to the buildings and low-exploited gardens being the main areas that affect dense urban settlements, and thus, increasing the ecosystem services in the urban environment, such as reducing the Urban Heat Island, as well as flooding events. Specifically, the paper highlights (i) feedback between ecological processes and functions that support ecosystem services, (ii) urban environmental stresses in relation to disservices that these can create for human well-being and (iii) key issues that should be considered in the planning and design of urban ecosystem services. Such a new vision of urban ecosystem services highlights the need to look at GI as an active part of the urban space design in the built environment.

RETRACTED: Computer simulation of urban garden landscape design based on FPGA and neural network

Digital Landscape is a combination of the system and the computer software and hardware system of a high simulation model. The author analyzes the application of computer simulation in landscape design and value analysis of a city garden. In the computer-aided design, the importance of digitizing information in the landscape design process, mainly human and the interaction of computer, is reflected in the digital model's creation and multimedia performance, becoming more and more evident. To form a two-dimensional or three-dimensional spatial data, to realize real-time, statistical Analysis, using the human living environment, multi-dimensional, efficient, and humane, and environmental landscape plan to more rational and practical, used the computer simulation techniques. Effective use of urban rainwater, to reduce the flooding of urban areas, it is possible to alleviate the water crisis, the organic combination of rainwater can be used in the course of the construction of the urban landscape as well as make-up landscape, visual beautification has optimized the ecosystem, and from many rainwater utilization functions; These functions in landscape design, rainwater garden, It can be realized the rooftop garden, and the city's green. The construction and sustainable economy and the promotion of the ecological park's social development will positively sign. Suitable for rainwater regulation, water (recovery) is stored—Computer-Aided Design (CAD) green space. Technical measures save of suggestions for practical application of the square: innovation and new of space design, new artificial wetland system, and garden rainwater in the application of the regulation (population) storage system design of the water-saving of these to the sustainable development of such new square of rainwater adjustment (group) storage system design and urban landscape environment. It is useful for the application of technology.

Rereading the History of Dargazin City in Nasuh Matrakçi Miniature Images

This article focuses on the miniature paintings of Nasuh Matrakçi who came to the west of Iran during the Safavid period. Matrakçi’s miniatures are among the oldest surviving images of Dargazin city, the like of which cannot be found in other travelogues and historians’ works. The surviving three images at two different settings can help us understand the urban and social status of Dargazin in the Safavid period. The findings indicate that, thanks to its Sunni residents and because of its geopolitical significance, Dargazin was of great interest to Ottoman and Safavid rulers who turned it to the governing base of the region. This played an important role in the city’s development in the way that in some areas, like the design of gardens, the traditional architecture of the Safavid period was mixed with original Persian style.

Ancient Palace Gardens of Korea: the water purification system of Wolji Pond, a world heritage site

ABSTRACT The Wolji Pond is part of an ancient palace garden belonging to the Gyeongju Historic Areas of Korea, designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000. The traditional pond is remarkable as it introduced a fresh-water supply and drainage systems to increase water circulation and prevent water from becoming stagnant thus negatively affecting its quality. This study is the first examination of the system used to improve water quality through water purification and illustrates how the water supply system at the site consists of four interconnected stages to ensure a stable oxygen supply and sufficient water circulation through the strategic placement of differently sized islands, and a drainage system that allows for the discharge of water from the ground floor. The study classifies the features and types of traditional Korean ponds and compares these to those found at the Wolji pond; followed by a water quality survey conducted through portable devices and a simulation of the water flow to highlight the uniquely advanced nature of the site, which clearly indicate that the ancient architects at Wolji had considerable knowledge of hydrodynamics as well as a keen aesthetic taste. The garden design at Wolji evidently took the passage of time into account as well as maintenance after completion and has much to inspire and influence modern landscape architects. The purpose of the study is to consider and develop aspects of the ancient water purification system that can be incorporated into modern garden design to solve contemporary water quality problems.

Research on age-friendly garden design in China based on the case study of WANSHOU Park

The rate of population aging has reached a high level in China that age-friendly design should be concerned when designing gardens in urban place. Although the generation-skipping guardianship phenomenon always exists in present situation of elderly people in China that grandchildren are taken with the elderly and are involved in their daily activities in most family, the needs of children are neglected in urban garden design. The paper generalized guidelines of age-friendly garden design according to LEED, Chinese garden design standard, and the guideline of global age-friendly cities in Europe. Childrenfriendliness have also been included based on the above-mentioned new guidelines. 29 reports have been collected in the case study of WANSHOU Park which can be characterized as an age-friendly garden involving basic information and scoring records on its environment and facilities. Through the increasement of children-friendly features and installments in the park, the design will have great potential to deal with aging problems.

Wild about Weeds: Garden Design with Rebel Plants

<i>Wild about Weeds: Garden Design with Rebel Plants</i>

GROTTOES THAT HAVE SURVIVED TO THE PRESENT DAY FROM ISTANBUL'S HISTORICAL GARDENS AND THEIR ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

Since the 18th century, water elements in new forms have been added to the diversity of water elements that are very rich in the design of Ottoman gardens. One of the most commonly used elements in garden arrangements in Istanbul during this period is the grottos, which are artificial caves. Aim: Considering the examples of these structures in Istanbul, it is seen that many of them have disappeared, and those that have survived to the present day have conservation problems. It is necessary to research the design and structural plan of the grottoes, the materials used and the decoration program so that the necessary restoration and conservation work can be carried out. For this reason, this study aimed at determining the design properties of the grottoes in historical gardens in Istanbul. Method: Within the scope of the study, grottos located in Yıldız Palace, Maslak Pavilions, Beykoz Pavilion, Emirgan Grove, Abraham Pasha Grove and Mizzi Mansion garden were architecturally evaluated in detail. Result: The grottos in historical gardens in Istanbul were created by covering the surfaces of a bearing structure created using stone, brick and iron supports with a mortar, natural or artificial stones to form a cave. The basic principle in the design is to obtain a natural look. Grottoes resembled cascades with the water that usually flowed in a stepped way were also used to grow plants on them, to create a strolling area in the garden, or as a watch area. Conclusion: With this study, it has been observed that in order to protect the grottos in the historical gardens of Istanbul, it has been seen that it is necessary to prepare their inventories, to reveal conservation problems and to do more research on the subject.

Strategic Analysis of Integrating Ecological Concepts into Garden Landscape Design

With the current social and economic development and the acceleration of urbanization, garden construction has begun to attract more and more attention from the society. In the process of garden construction, landscape design is a very important section, especially under today’s green ecological concept, garden ecological landscape design is even more important. Based on this, this article analyzes the integration of ecological concepts in the process of garden landscape design, so as to provide corresponding references for garden design and its development.

Poetry perceptual cognitive relationship between formative elements and principles in garden design For the works of the 2019 Seoul Garden Expo

본 연구의 목적은 정원을 조형적 관점으로 디자인의 영향을 해석하여 체계화하기 위함에 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2019년 서울 정원박람회에 출품된 25개 출품작의 이미지를 사례로 제시하고, 디자인의 조형요소와 원리를 개념화한 단어로 설문하여 비교 분석하였다. 그래서 조형의 시 지각적 인지 해석과 관계성을 분석하여 결과를 고찰하였다. 결과로 조형원리에 있어 경험에 의한 인지 사고와 조형요소의 속성이, 심미적 판단에 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석된다. 조형요소에 대한 직관적인 판단이 조형원리의 반응에 영향을 미치며, 이는 조형요소의 적절한 결합을 통하여 원리를 이용한 새로운 디자인을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 해석할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 정원 조성의 배경인 조형의 표현과 유형을 체계화하여, 기존의 틀을 해석하고 유추함으로 디자인의 방향 정립을 위한 기초 자료로 제안하였다. 조형요소와 원리에 더욱 구체적인 설정과 함께 본 연구의 결과를 정원 조성 프로세스에 도입하여, 검증하고 진행한다면 디자인 유형화가 정립될 것으로 생각한다.

Design and Social Factors Affecting the Formation of Social Capital in Chinese Community Garden

In recent years, community gardens are becoming more and more popular in China. However, the role of these community gardens varies significantly: some community gardens serve as an effective means of promoting social capital, while others cause social contradictions and public doubts due to the lack of professional design and management. Therefore, this paper aims to learn and better understand what factors affect the formation of social capital in Chinese community gardens. It screened eleven design factors and seven social factors and made social capital scale through literature review and expert workshop. On this basis, this study selected 35 community gardens in China as sample spaces, and collected 1257 questionnaires about the perception for social capital of gardeners through survey. In the statistical analysis phase, factor analysis and regression analysis were applied to analyze the role and the relative importance of different factors and social capital. Results show that the integration with green infrastructure, accessibility, size, visual openness, planting form, proportion of unproductive landscape, agricultural infrastructure, and smart infrastructure have significant impacts on social capital level. Meanwhile, the types of stakeholders, management rules, supervision system, self-management team, and operational activities have similar impacts on social capital level. This study recommends that planners and designers should adjust the above related factors in community garden design, and local government is urged to integrate community gardens into urban plans and public policies.

LANDSCAPE EVALUATION OF MOSQUE GARDEN BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF ISLAM

Islam is a religion that has a comprehensive concept. It regulates everything in the Muslim's life because everything is connected with Islam, including designing a garden. This paper discusses the textual concept of the garden in Islam based on the Al-Quran and al-Hadith as the two primary sources in Islam. The textual analysis aims to formulate garden design criteria based on the concept of Islam. The design criteria were then used to evaluate the mosque's landscape by studying perceptions and user preferences. The two selected mosque locations are the Istiqlal Mosque and the Jakarta Islamic Center Mosque. The method applied in this study is a literature study and the distribution of questionnaires. The paper's results and discussion are divided into three parts: 1) garden design criteria based on the Al-Quran and al-Hadith; 2) some sharia limitations in designing the garden; 3) evaluation on two research locations through the study of perceptions of mosque garden users.

Assessment of terrace gardens as modifiers of building microclimate

Hard concrete roofs cause excessive heat gain impacting thermal comfort in buildings. Terrace gardens promoting greening at higher levels of built structures are seen as one of the key mitigating strategies for modifying building microclimate and improving urban health. We have undertaken a research project to quantitatively assess the value of a terrace garden in a residential scale. A garden patch of about 15 m2 in area, a typical size available in most urban terraces is developed. Surface temperatures are measured over a period of 15 months between July 2018 to January 2020 using four thermocouple sensors, placed within and outside the garden bed, on and below the roof. We compare the thermal performance of the terrace garden across years, seasons, time of the day, presence or absence of garden bed and type and height of vegetation. The surface temperature data was found to correlate well with the ambient air temperature values. The results show that the terrace garden moderates and stabilises the ceiling temperatures and reduces it by about 2–3 °C in winter months and 5–7 °C in hot summers. The garden also provided nearly 400 g of fresh monthly vegetable harvest per m2 of garden. Further, the cooling impact of the terrace garden with natural, tall, wild vegetation is higher as compared to planted vegetation. The study demonstrates a sustainable approach to terrace garden design at residential scale through quantified dual benefits of temperature control within buildings and urban farming.

The Selection of Ornamental Plant for Landscape Design of Pollination Garden at Bogor Botanic Gardens

Bogor Botanic Gardens is one of the outstanding green areas in Bogor City. Thousands of plant species are growing and providing suitable habitats and feed for various pollinators, such as butterflies, bees, and wasps. A well-designed pollination garden will benefit the pollinators and also create an educational facility for the community. This study aimed to select and characterize species of flowering plants that effectively attract pollinators, particularly Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera, in the pollination garden candidate area. The observa-tion had been carried out on 12 ornamental plant species: Pennisetum purpureum, Cosmos sp., Pachystachys lutea, Cuphea hyssopifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, Lantana camara, Citrus aurantifolia, Buddleja davidii, Ixora javanica, Nerium oleander, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, and Aglaia odorata. The method for observing pollinators was a standard walking method. Pollinator photos, its number, its visit time, and the plants it visited were recorded. A total of 23 species of Lepidoptera (20 species from 4 families and 3 species were unidentified) and 9 species of Hymenoptera (4 families) were found in the area with the best obser-vation time at 08.30-09.30 (GMT+7). The most visited plants by pollinators were Cuphea hyssopifolia, Lantana camara and Orthosiphon aristatus. Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera preferred blue-purple and bright-orange-yellow flowers. In addition, the flower characters that might influence pollinator visits are also described. The result would be an essential recommendation for plant selection, landscape design, and construction of the pollination garden in Bogor Botanic Gardens.

Therapeutic Landscape as a Healthcare Facility in Egypt: Design and Evaluation Process

Outdoor natural environments are well proven to have psychological, physical, and social benefits, particularly those attached to healthcare facilities. Despite that, the Egyptian Codes devoid of data related to the design of such gardens, which hinders the design process and the inclusion of these spaces within health care facilities. Thus, this paper seeks to reach a set of considerations for the design of different types of therapeutic gardens by summarizing the findings and recommendations of some evidence-based design (EBD) research and post-occupancy evaluations (POEs). Post-occupancy evaluations lack to determining the percentage of achieving the design principles in the garden. Therefore, in addition to the behavioral and visual observations to evaluate Children's Cancer Hospital garden in Egypt (CCHE), an audit tool was integrated to combine the advantages of audit tools and POEs. With this merging, we can reach a steady form of post-occupancy evaluations of pediatric cancer hospital’s gardens to be a guide for future researches and landscape architects.

Conservation Of Heritage Gardens As an Approach For Valuable Areas Urban Upgrade ( El-Horreya Garden in El- Zamalek Island as a Case Study ) (Dept.A)

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A study on the preservation situation and spatial characteristics of Japanese style garden built in Taiwan during the Japanese rule

Japanese well developed cultural and aesthetic styles have influenced architecture, décor and landscaping around the world. Japanese influence has been particularly marked in eastern Asian countries such as Taiwan, where the nation's colonisation efforts between 1895 and 1945 led to a trend for garden design and landscaping at the time to demonstrate strong characteristics of Japanese style. The gardens created during this time showed a unique blend of Japanese and Taiwanese influences not otherwise found in landscape architectural history. Associate Professor Takashi Awano, from the Department of Landscape Architecture Science at Tokyo University of Agriculture, leads a study that looks into the preservation status, the construction and design processes and the characteristics of land allocation and design of Japanese gardens in palaces, official residences and other key locations during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan

Space structure of the Garden of Pleasance in the context of traditional private gardens of Suzhou

The article is devoted to the study of space structure of the Garden of Pleasance. The history of the appearance of the complex is described. The article explores the history of the formation of the planning structure, which consists of two parts: East - the former Wu Guan estate, West - a new site, built at the end of the XIX century. The principles of garden design and its main elements are considered, citation and cultural borrowing of elements from the famous gardens of the city of Suzhou are shown. The estate consists of several spaces, and has a traditional layout for private gardens of Jiangnan. The main volume with a large pond located in the eastern zone is bordered by several smaller sections. The estate also became the center of development of the traditional musical art of playing Qin (guqin), which contributed to the development of music throughout the Jiangnan region. The syntactic analysis of gardens helps to understand space structure, to identify the basic spatial elements and the relationships between them. Many elements of the garden have from one to three topological connections with the surrounding architectural elements. The set of basic space structures of the garden is not diverse in comparison with other private gardens in Suzhou. There are: Hall, Pavilion, Gallery, Entry group, Room and Veranda. The combination of methods and techniques of the two Ming and Qing dynasties created an unusual space structure of the garden, consisting mainly of secluded places.