Design Of Extraction System Research Articles

Design of a new home-made ultrasonic extraction system

Innovative, sensitive, and accurate method for liquid-liquid extraction using an ultrasonic device is presented in this work. A working system was created, consisting of two basic components: the ultrasonic device and the pump device, to pump or withdraw the organic layer. a study of the key variables derived from the liquid-liquid system was carried out in the system containing Dithizone (1×10^ ̄ 3 M) in (Chloroform) CHCl₃ solvent. and aqueous copper (II) chloride(CuCl2.2H2O) (1×10^ ̄6 M) solution to determine the degree to which they affect the extraction performance attained in this manner. The effect of initial sample copper concentration and ultrasonic time, temperature effect, and pump speed, were studied, establishing the best conditions for a sample of (10 mL) aqueous solution of Cu (II) chloride, the optimum copper (II) concentration in the analyzed sample is (1×10^ ̄ 6 M), the ultrasonic time for the device is (8 min), and the flow rate of the pump is (3mL/30sec) and a temperature (27ºC) and (pH=1). The extraction degree was optimum under these conditions (96±2%) and the relative standard deviation (RSD)% (0.29%), In this work, a simple method is proposed to extract and concentrate copper in aqueous copper chloride using an ultrasonic device in the presence of dithizone solvent. The main parameters affecting the extraction method such as copper ion concentration, pump speed, temperature, device time, and the effect of equal and different volumes were evaluated. The proposed method was applied for the determination of copper in aqueous copper chloride samples. Accuracy was assessed by comparing the results with a conventional extraction method (traditional methods).

Design and commissioning of a versatile surface ion source

A compact and versatile ion source was designed and commissioned to be used with the new low energy ion beam facilities at TRIUMF. The ion source is based on the principle of surface ionization, in which ions are generated from a neutral atom by impact with a solid surface. The design of the ion source considered several factors, including the type of ions, intensity, energy and emittance of the extracted beams from the source. Commercially available alkali materials with an ionizer are used in the source; the ionizer is integrated with the in house design of extraction and transport system. The source performance was characterized using diagnostics techniques, and its key parameters, such as beam current, emittance, and beam species, were measured. The results showed that the compact surface ion source is able to achieve high ionization efficiency and stable operation, and is suitable for use in commissioning and operation of various ion beam facilities in particle accelerator laboratories.

Numerical investigation on smoke control with new‐style horizontal smoke baffle in an immersed road tunnel

AbstractTo investigate the improvement induced by horizontal smoke baffles during lateral smoke exhaust, an immersed road tunnel with various horizontal smoke baffles positioned below the lateral exhaust vent was studied numerically. Together with the velocity field characteristics, the temperature distribution was investigated near the lateral smoke exhaust vent, followed by the analysis of lateral smoke exhaust efficiency under different horizontal smoke baffles. Results showed that after installing the horizontal smoke baffle, there was a significant decrease in the extracted cold air, while the high‐temperature smoke in the exhaust vent increases, indicating the plug‐holing is effectively suppressed. It is known that the efficiency of smoke exhaust increases when the length exceedance ratio of the horizontal smoke baffle is smaller than 100%, while it changes slightly when the baffle length continues to increase. When the width ratio of horizontal baffle is smaller than 40%, the efficiency of smoke exhaust increases with the baffle width and then changes slightly with a wider smoke baffle. With a larger aspect ratio, the wider and shorter lateral exhaust vent is beneficial for improving the lateral smoke exhaust. Under the current conditions, the case shows the optimal smoke exhaust performance with a horizontal baffle length exceedance ratio of 100%, a baffle width ratio of 40%, and exhaust vent aspect ratio of 3:1. Finally, an empirical model is developed to describe the improvement of smoke exhaust efficiency caused by horizontal smoke baffle. These outcomes are helpful to the design of lateral smoke extraction system in road tunnels.

Design and Development of Hydrogen Isotopes Extraction System at IPR

Tritium breeding, recovery and safe storage are very important for achieving self-sustainability in a nuclear fusion reactor. Indeed, it is one of the essential task in terms of safety and fuel cycle aspects. Usually, tritium breeding is performed in the blanket module. In Indian blanket module, there are mainly two types of tritium breeder materials, one is Lithium based ceramic pebbles Li2TiO3 (Lithium Titanate) as solid breeders and second is the lithium based alloy Pb-Li (Lead Lithium) as a liquid breeder. Tritium bred in solid breeders is extracted with purge helium gas, whereas tritium bred in liquid Pb-Li needs suitable gas-liquid contactor. It should be noted that, tritium recovery (i.e.,-extraction) from Pb-Li is very challenging due to low solubility of tritium in liquid Pb-Li and no such separation technology readily available commercially. Therefore, the necessity for developing a reliable and efficient tritium recovery technology (i.e.,- extractor) for liquid Pb-Li is of key interest.In present work, design and development of Hydrogen Isotopes Extraction System (HIES) for hydrogen recovery from liquid Pb-Li is discussed. As hydrogen and tritium are isotopes, hydrogen is used instead of tritium in present system due to several safety concerns with tritium. Recovery of hydrogen from liquid Pb-Li is carried out using structured packing as a Gas-Liquid Contactor (GLC). The design details of gas-liquid contactor (i.e.-extractor column) and various process tanks of HIES are discussed. In present design, configuration of vertically mounted extractor column makes overall HIES relatively tall (∼ 3 m height) and use of liquid Pb-Li as process fluid makes the system heavy weight (∼1500 kg) too. In addition to this, system needs to be operated above Pb-Li melting temperature (> 235 C) to keep Pb-Li in liquid form. Therefore, thermal analysis of piping as well as seismic analysis of whole system is carried out and discussed along with various operational stages of HIES.

Data-driven information extraction and enrichment of molecular profiling data for cancer cell lines.

With the proliferation of research means and computational methodologies, published biomedical literature is growing exponentially in numbers and volume. Cancer cell lines are frequently used models in biological and medical research that are currently applied for a wide range of purposes, from studies of cellular mechanisms to drug development, which has led to a wealth of related data and publications. Sifting through large quantities of text to gather relevant information on cell lines of interest is tedious and extremely slow when performed by humans. Hence, novel computational information extraction and correlation mechanisms are required to boost meaningful knowledge extraction. In this work, we present the design, implementation, and application of a novel data extraction and exploration system. This system extracts deep semantic relations between textual entities from scientific literature to enrich existing structured clinical data concerning cancer cell lines. We introduce a new public data exploration portal, which enables automatic linking of genomic copy number variants plots with ranked, related entities such as affected genes. Each relation is accompanied by literature-derived evidences, allowing for deep, yet rapid, literature search, using existing structured data as a springboard. Our system is publicly available on the web at https://cancercelllines.org.

Design and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Nucleic Acid Extraction System

Design and Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Nucleic Acid Extraction System

Design and experiment of a binocular vision-based canopy volume extraction system for precision pesticide application by UAVs

When unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are used for orchard chemicals application, accurate measurement of the canopy volume can provide decision support for determining pesticide dosages, flight parameters, and droplet sizes. Using binocular camera ranging, this study presents a novel canopy segmentation algorithm that preprocesses light detection ranging data to extract sub-grid canopy volumes. A binocular vision-based canopy volume extraction system for UAV chemical application was developed. The system utilizes multi-degree-of-freedom adaptive balance technology to ensure that the binocular camera can still vertically detect the canopy even when the flight attitude changes. Performance experiments were conducted using artificial fruit trees with different leaf densities and regular cardboard box as measurement targets. The canopy volume measurements indicate that the new model accurately detects target contours. When flying at 2 m/s, the maximum errors between system-measured and actual volumes were 6.58 and 9.37 % for the rectangular and triangular, respectively. Increasing speeds and attitudes lead to increased errors and measurement variations. However, the position of the system relative to the target does not cause significant differences in results. The maximum measurement errors between system-measured and actual LiDAR values were 6.44 and 9.17 % for high- and low-density canopies, respectively. These results demonstrate that the proposed system has high measurement accuracy and provides a reliable precision UAV pesticide-spraying control system for plant protection based on real-time canopy detection.

Hydrogen Transport Model in Eutectic PbLi for Data Evaluation in an Absorption-Desorption Experimental Facility

The determination of the transport parameters of the hydrogen isotopes in the eutectic lead-lithium (PbLi) alloy represents a key issue for the design of the different breeding blanket systems that are being developed based on this liquid metal. This is the case for the dual-coolant lithium-lead blanket where the values of the Sieverts’ constant and diffusivity will delimit the magnitude and the kinetics of the induced tritium flux produced by the breeding blanket toward the circuit of He for the refrigeration of the structures. In addition, the design (sizing and efficiency) of future tritium extraction systems of the breeding alloy or the He coolant purification system will be defined on the basis of these transport parameters. Taking into account the current literature, there exists a very wide band (even more than three orders of magnitude) in the experimental results for the Sieverts’ constant obtained by different research groups using different experimental techniques. This dispersion band in terms of solubility is not acceptable from the point of view of the design of a breeding blanket for a fusion reactor. With the aim of reducing this dispersion of results, the Absorption-Desorption facility available at the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) has been upgraded and new samples of high quality PbLi will be measured in the near future in collaboration with CIEMAT. In this work, a complete theoretical model is described for the interaction between isotopes of hydrogen and the eutectic PbLi sample considering the particular boundary conditions for the absorption and desorption processes. This model has been specifically developed for the upgraded Absorption-Desorption facility available at the UPV/EHU, according to the new configuration of the experimental chamber made of glass and quartz and the geometry of the crucible made of tungsten that is designed to hold the PbLi sample. Three different phases are described (loading, pumping, and release) together with the boundary conditions that have been taken into account in each one. This way, different mathematical expressions for the concentration profile of the isotopes of hydrogen through the PbLi sample are posed for each phase so that the experimental measurements to be carried out in the upgraded Absorption-Desorption facility will be fitted to them, and as a result, the transport parameters will be obtained.

Thermal Treatment of Trichloroethene by Electrical Resistance Heating: Visualization of Gas Production in Coarse Layers

The effective implementation of in situ thermal treatment (ISTT) technologies requires understanding of gas production and migration in heterogenous media. However, investigations of the effects of high permeability contrast on gas formation, accumulation, and migration, as well as its potential effect on the redistribution of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL), are relatively rare. In this study, electrical resistance heating (ERH) experiments were conducted in a thin sand-packed cell to simulate common yet not well-studied scenarios encountered during ISTT applications, such as coarse lenses surrounded by finer material. Two packing configurations were employed: 2 mm glass beads surrounded by 20/30 silica sand and 20/30 silica sand overlaying 40/50 silica sand. Each experiment contained an emplaced pool of trichloroethene (TCE) within the coarse material. If permeable material or pathways were present between the coarse lens and the upper cell boundary, the gas migrated along these pathways, and local DNAPL redistribution was limited to near the top of the pool before it vaporized. In contrast, if the coarse material was surrounded by finer material and contained a sufficient volume of DNAPL, the gas accumulated inside the coarse lens leading to DNAPL displacement from the lens. For five selected DNAPLs, this volume was estimated to be 0.1% to 0.5% of the total pore volume of the coarse material. The conceptual model developed in this study improves our understanding of this common geological scenario, demonstrating the importance of considering both lower- and higher-permeability material and their effects on multiphase flow during co-boiling, as well as the design of gas extraction systems during ISTT applications.

An in-pile demonstrated platform for the evaluation of tritium extraction technologies in China Mianyang Research Reactor

The preliminary design of the tritium extraction system for CFETR breeding blanket has been completed. In the design, two molecular sieve packed columns are connected in series to achieve both hydrogen-helium separation and tritium enrichment. The first column primarily focuses on hydrogen-helium separation and volume reduction, while the second column, which is thinner and longer than the first, is mainly used for tritium enrichment. To achieve tritium-helium separation and tritium storage simultaneously, a U-shaped tritium storage bed is utilized. To verify the feasibility of these tritium extraction technologies, an in-pile tritium release and recovery platform was constructed in China Mianyang Research Reactor (CMRR). This paper provides a detailed description of the in-reactor irradiation device and the design and composition of tritium extraction system. Moreover, an in-situ experiment was conducted in early 2022 to produce and recover tritium with a total activity level of approximately one hundred curies. The experiment obtained various parameters, including tritium release form and ratio of Li4SiO4 with high 6Li abundance, tritium extraction rate, tritium recovery rate of the whole system and tritium penetration in 316 L stainless steel. These results allow for a preliminary evaluation of the feasibility of the designed tritium extraction technologies.

Numerical study on lateral centralized smoke extraction in immersed tunnel with a new-style inclined smoke barrier

In road tunnel fires, it is essential to keep high smoke extraction efficiency, especially for the immersed tunnels. A new-style inclined smoke barrier was proposed for the improvement of lateral smoke extraction. A series of fire scenarios were investigated with different barrier heights, fire sizes, vent aspect ratios and included angles between smoke barrier and tunnel sidewall. Results show that installing an inclined smoke barrier can improve lateral smoke extraction effectively. Overall, a higher inclined smoke barrier contributes to the lateral smoke extraction, and the smoke extraction improvement is better for those cases under smaller fire size; meanwhile the inclined smoke barrier shows a higher efficiency with the narrow and high lateral exhaust vent. The lateral smoke extraction efficiency curve can be divided into three regions along with included angles, namely the rapidly increasing region (0°<θ≤30°), the stable region (30°<θ≤75°), and the slightly decreasing region (75°<θ≤90°). Better smoke extraction efficiency can be guaranteed when 30°<θ≤75°. To further explore the lateral smoke extraction efficiency, an empirical description model is developed to predict the smoke extraction efficiency improvement (IE). The outcomes could offer a basic guidance for the design of lateral smoke extraction system in immersed tunnel.

Design of an all-weather water extraction system based on solar energy and diurnal temperature difference

According to the survey, the water content in the air is as high as 14,000 km3. To make full use of the moisture retained in the air, we designed this all-weather water extraction system based on solar energy and the temperature difference between day and night. The system uses solar power panels to supply power to the micro-suction fan during the daytime, builds a condensation structure of “air-ground”, and uses the natural temperature difference between day and night to condense water at night and store it in the buried water reservoir. Semi-arid areas have water demand and have the advantages of all-weather use, fast water extraction, low cost, and ease of promotion.

Design of social media information extraction system based on deep learning

Design of social media information extraction system based on deep learning

Design of social media information extraction system based on deep learning

Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and long time in traditional systems, a social media information extraction system based on deep learning is designed. Firstly, the overall framework of the system is designed, including text extraction module, keyword extraction module and emotion analysis module. Then, the social media information is preprocessed, the emotional resource establishment and information extraction rules are constructed according to the preprocessing results, and the convolution neural network is used to construct the social media information extraction model. Finally, according to the correlation between text entries and categories, the global MI values of entries and all categories are calculated. The calculation results are inputted into the constructed convolution neural network model, and the social media information extraction results are output. The simulation results show that the extraction accuracy of the designed system is high and the extraction time is within 15 s.

Systematic evaluation of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents as alternative media for the extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution

The recent development of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) has led to growing interest in these reagents as possible environmentally benign replacements for conventional organic media in a host of applications, among them metal ion separations by liquid-liquid extraction. To evaluate the potential utility of these novel solvents in this application, a systematic examination of the facilitated transfer of selected alkali and alkaline earth cations into representative HDESs from aqueous solution in the presence of a macrocyclic polyether (i.e., a crown ether) has been undertaken. Comparison of the results to those obtained for a series of oxygenated, aliphatic solvents (n-alcohols) and for several 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) under the same conditions indicate that despite frequent suggestions that some HDESs resemble ILs, metal ion distribution in HDES-aqueous systems more closely mimics that seen for the alcohols. Metal ion partitioning in these systems appears less dependent on the water content of the organic phase and on structural variations in the solvent than is the case for either alcohols or ionic liquids, however. The implications of these results for the design and application of HDES-based extraction systems for metal ions are described.

Design and implementation of information extraction system for scientific literature using fine-tuned deep learning models

This paper presents an overview of a quality scoring system that utilizes pre-trained deep neural network models. Two types of DL models, a classification and extractive question answering (EQA) models are used to implement components of the system. The abstracts of the scientific literature are classified into two groups, in-vivo and in-vitro, and a question and answering model architecture is constructed for extracting the following types of information (animal type, the number of animals, exposure dose, and signal frequency). The Bidirectional Encoder Representations of Transformers (BERT) model pre-trained with a large text corpus is used as our baseline model for classification and EQA tasks. The models are fine-tuned with 455 EMF-related research papers. In our experiments, the fine-tuned model showed improved performance on EQA tasks for the four-categories of questions compared to the baseline, and it also showed improvements on similar questions that were not used in training. This suggests the importance of retraining of deep learning model specifically in some areas requiring domain expertise such as scientific papers. However, additional research is needed on some implementation issues, in such cases where there are still multiple answers, or where there is no answer given in a context.

Design of National Sports Action Feature Extraction System Based on Convolutional Neural Network

Human action recognition is one of the hotspots in computer vision research. Its purpose is to detect and recognize target actions from videos, so that computer systems can understand human actions, and thus it has great research significance. Based on the action features of famous sports, this paper proposes an action recognition scheme based on RGB-D video compression to establish action features and deep learning as a means of recognition. By establishing the connection between the bone data of the three-dimensional data type and the depth image data, the depth sequence is analyzed and expressed as a three-level structure diagram sequence, which is the overall figure sequence, partial figure sequence, and joint point figure sequence, and then passes through the two-way pool. The sorting algorithm extracts the action features in the three picture sequences and compresses and generates three types of structured images of the corresponding picture sequences, and these three types of structured images are used as the feature expression of the video. When constructing a three-level structure diagram sequence, the innovation of this paper is to splice the extracted key unit image blocks to obtain a three-level structured moving image based on the three-key unit splicing, so that the image is not only retained. In addition to time-space information, the structure information of the depth image is also strengthened, and the amount of calculation is reduced at the same time. Finally, the three types of structured images are input into the convolutional neural network, respectively, and the judgment and recognition results obtained are multiplicatively fused to obtain the final recognition rate of the action.

Leveraging slow DOTA f-element complexation kinetics to enable separations by kinetic design

The design of metal-concerned solvent extraction systems frequently leverages thermodynamically derived differences in selectivity. An alternative approach, leveraging kinetic control, has been considered much less seriously. Our recent manuscript describing DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) complexation kinetics across the lanthanide series shows the observed rate constant steadily increases across the series, with some non-monotonic behavior observed at terbium and thulium. This contrasts the thermodynamic stability constant trend, where lanthanide-DOTA stability constants initially increase and then plateau as a function of ionic radii after samarium. To leverage the kinetic differences of DOTA with the lanthanides across the series, kinetically based separations must be utilized. Since DOTA has very slow complexation kinetics, a separations system must expedite DOTA-metal complexation to allow a separation approximating practical application. In this report, a DOTA-based solvent extraction system, where DOTA is the aqueous holdback reagent and bis-2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) is the organic phase extractant, is demonstrated and compares the separations chemistry of Nd, Eu and Am. The slowness of DOTA complexation was addressed by heating the system. Results showed, in general, separation between metals is better during early phase contact, and diminishes under longer contact times. Under all conditions, separations are better than would be predicted based on a thermodynamic basis. This report suggests that while slowly complexing ligands classically used for biological applications may not be appropriate for thermodynamically designed metal separations, their use for kinetically based systems may be appropriate and enable a new design basis for f-element separations.

Ionic liquid-based in situ product removal design exemplified for an acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation.

Selecting an appropriate separation technique is essential for the application of in situ product removal (ISPR) technology in biological processes. In this work, a three-stage systematic design method is proposed as a guide to integrate ionic liquid (IL)-based separation techniques into ISPR. This design method combines the selection of a suitable ISPR processing scheme, the optimal design of an IL-based liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) system followed by process simulation and evaluation. As a proof of concept, results for a conventional acetone-butanol-ethanol fermentation are presented (40,000 ton/year butanol production). In this application, ILs tetradecyl(trihexyl)phosphonium tetracyanoborate ([TDPh][TCB]) and tetraoctylammonium 2-methyl-1-naphthoate ([TOA] [MNaph]) are identified as the optimal solvents from computer-aided IL design (CAILD) method and reported experimental data, respectively. The dynamic simulation results for the fermentation process show that, the productivity of IL-based in situ (fed-batch) process and in situ (batch) process is around 2.7 and 1.8fold that of base case. Additionally, the IL-based in situ (fed-batch) process and in situ (batch) process also have significant energy savings (79.6% and 77.6%) when compared to the base case.

Study and characterization of potential adsorbent materials for the design of the hydrogen isotopes extraction and analysis system

One of the most challenging tasks in the design of the inner fuel cycle system lies in the effective design of Tritium Extraction System (TES), which involves proper extraction and purification of tritium in a fusion reactor. A prototype Hydrogen Isotopes Recovery System (HIRS) is being developed to validate the concepts for tritium extraction by adsorption mass transfer mechanism. The two main systems of HIRS are Atmospheric Molecular Sieve Bed (AMSB) adsorber and Cryogenic Molecular Sieve Bed (CMSB) adsorber. AMSB removes ppm levels of water vapour while CMSB removes ppm levels of hydrogen isotopes, oxygen and nitrogen gas from Helium purge gas. Selection of appropriate adsorbents for the HIRS is important for its efficient functioning. Adsorbents, namely, Zeolites 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X and Activated Carbon have been studied in detail at cryogenic temperatures to understand their surface characteristics and adsorption potential. In this work, we have generated the adsorption isotherms for hydrogen isotopes on potential adsorbents using a volumetric adsorption apparatus for a wide range of pressure from 1 Pa to 105 Pa. The BET and DFT models are applied for the determination of the textural properties of the adsorbents and the Langmuir-Freundlich composite model is used to fit the isotherm data. The parameters of the model were determined using nonlinear regression analysis. The enthalpy of adsorption is determined and is in the range of 8–11.5 kJ/mol for the adsorbate loadings corresponding to the partial pressure of hydrogen isotopes of ∼ 50–500 Pa in the TES. At low pressures of hydrogen isotopes, the free energy plot followed Henry’s law. The isotherms and enthalpy of adsorption clearly indicate reversible physisorption and monolayer formation of hydrogen isotopes on the potential adsorbents. Amongst hydrogen and deuterium, hydrogen is more strongly adsorbed on Zeolites 4A, whereas deuterium is more strongly adsorbed on Zeolites 13X. In case of activated carbon, no isotopic selectivity was observed. This study facilitates the selection of potential adsorbents for the CMSB and quantification of the parameters associated with the adsorbents.