Design Of FIR Digital Filters Research Articles

Optimal design of digital FIR filters based on back propagation neural network

Optimal design of digital FIR filters based on back propagation neural network

Design of Digital Low Pass FIR Filter Using Hybrid Particle Swarm – Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm

In this study, digital low-pass FIR filter is designed using Hybrid Particle Swarm – Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm (HPSGWO). The purpose of digital FIR filter design with HPSGWO is to optimized filter coefficients that are closest to the characteristics of the ideal filter. The obtained results are compared with PSO, and GWO which were previously used for FIR filters design in the literature. According to the obtained results, HPSGWO has better filter response and less stop band ripple than other methods.

Noniterative WLS design of digital FIR filters for aliasing errors cancellation in bandwidth interleaving digital-to-analog converter

Noniterative WLS design of digital FIR filters for aliasing errors cancellation in bandwidth interleaving digital-to-analog converter

Real-time Optimization and Implementation of Multi-rate Digital FIR Kernel Filter

One ideal performance of this design is in the areas of decimation where a decimation factor of 10, 45-order and pass band ripple of 1dB and interpolation of sampled rates where a sinusoidal signal input produced a ripple free output with interpolation factor of 10, 52-order and stopband attenuation of 60dB. Owing to the multiple samples of filter length of 200, the filter performed down sampling preceded with filtering as well as up sampling preceded with filtering, hence multi-rate filter by allowing a low threshold of frequency of to be passed, blocking a high threshold of and vice versa. There was resampled output increased to 150% preceded by filtering. The filter coefficients for low pass and high pass Digital FIR filter, through the least square regression method, parks McClellan Algorithm and window methods were employed for easy optimization. More so, there was creation of 2-4-5 filter channel banks through the 2nd-level convolution of their down sampling and up sampling filtering techniques during the multi-irate filtering to ensure the design of error-free Digital FIR Filter using MATLAB File editor(M-File) and tool boxes for writing the C-programming of the design. In the analysis, the mean and standard deviation of the low pass Digital FIR Filter output during decimation and interpolation are (0.26, 6.13) and (0.004,1.22) respectively.

Design of Digital Filter Based on Artificial Bee Population Algorithm

With the development of digital signal processing technology, higher requirements are put forward for the accuracy of digital filters. The accuracy of the digital filter has an important influence on the digital signal processing effect, which shows that the optimal design of the filter has practical significance. This paper studies the design of digital FIR filter based on artificial bee colony algorithm. The mathematical optimization model of the digital filter is constructed, in which the unit impulse response amplitude of the filter is used as the optimization variable, and the mean square error of the designed low-pass filter and the ideal low-pass filter is the optimization goal. The artificial bee colony algorithm is used to solve the optimization objective function of the filter, the flow chart and implementation steps are given, and the influence of the artificial bee colony algorithm parameters and the filter parameters on the design results is compared and analysed. The experimental results show that the artificial bee colony algorithm can effectively design the digital filter, and the optimized filter basically agrees with the amplitude-frequency response curve of the ideal filter.

A Projection Technique for The Design of Fir Digital Filters.(Dept.E)

A method for synthesis of chebyshev FIR digital filters is presented. The best approximation in the chebyshev (L ) sense is obtained making use of the method of successive projections, which reduces the problem to one of finding a point in the intersection of a system of convex sets. The metrios is fast converging and does not require solving a set of non-linear equations as in other minimax techniques.

Design and Implementation of Third Order Low Pass Digital FIR Filter using Pipelining Retiming Technique

This paper presents design and implementation of 3rd order low pass digital FIR filter using pipelining retiming technique. Aim of this paper is to apply pipelining retiming technique on low pass digital FIR filter and compare with the existing second order retimed FIR filter and third order broadcast, non-broadcast low pass FIR filter. MATLAB FDA tool is used to calculate digital FIR filter coefficients. Hamming and Kaiser window methods are used to find out the coefficients of the FIR filter. Broadcast and non broadcast third order low pass FIR filter architectures are used for pipelining retiming .Cutset and feed forward pipelining retiming techniques are used to retime the third order low pass digital FIR filter. We design our algorithm in VHDL and implemented on Xilinx Vivado xc7a35tcpg261-1. Area (LUT), speed and power are calculated using Xilinx Vivado 2015.2 tool. Synthesis and simulation results are discussed in this paper. Speed and area (LUT) of proposed third order low pass FIR filter is improved in comparison with existing designs.

Digital FIR Filter Design by PSO and its v ariants Attractive and Repulsive PSO(ARPSO) & Craziness based PSO(CRPSO)

Digital filters play a major role in signal processing that are employed in many applications such as in control systems, audio or video processing systems, noise reduction applications and different systems for communication. In this regard, FIR filters are employed because of frequency stability and linearity in their phase response. FIR filter design requires multi-modal optimization problems. Therefore, PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm and its variants are more adaptable techniques based upon particles’ population in the search space and a great option for designing FIR filter. PSO and its different variants improve the solution characteristic by providing a unique approach for updating the velocity and position of the swarm. An optimized set of filter coefficient is produced by PSO and its variant algorithms which gives the optimized results in passband and stopband. In this research paper, Digital FIR filter is effectively designed by using PSO Algorithm and its two variants ARPSO and CRPSO in MATLAB. The outcomes prove that the filter design technique using CRPSO is better than filter design by PM algorithm. PSO and ARPSO Algorithms in the context of frequency spectrum and RMS error.

Design and implementation of FIR digital filter based on FPGA

Design and implementation of FIR digital filter based on FPGA

Convergence properties of a class of exact penalty methods for semi-infinite optimization problems

In this paper, a new class of unified penalty functions are derived for the semi-infinite optimization problems, which include many penalty functions as special cases. They are proved to be exact in the sense that under Mangasarian–Fromovitz constraint qualification conditions, a local solution of penalty problem is a corresponding local solution of original problem when the penalty parameter is sufficiently large. Furthermore, global convergence properties are shown under some conditions. The paper is concluded with some numerical examples proving the applicability of our methods to PID controller design and linear-phase FIR digital filter design.

An Improved Digital FIR Filter Design Using Fast FIR Algorithm and Modified Carry Save Addition

Adders and multipliers are the two important arithmetic units in any form of digital filters. Though the adders and multipliers are the fundamental arithmetic units in digital FIR filters, the multipliers are more responsible for power consumption. In existing fast FIR algorithm based digital filters, the number of multipliers is reduced at the expense of adder circuits. This paper presents an arithmetic optimization of reconfigurable digital FIR filters using fast FIR algorithm and modified carry save addition to reduce the power consumption. The modified carry save addition is incorporated to efficiently combine the partial products of the multiplication process. The mathematical analysis reveals that significant amount of hardware savings can be achieved using the proposed design. The ASIC implementation using TSMC 65 nm technology shows that the proposed methodology occupies less area and consumes less power while comparing with conventional approach.

Review and Analysis of Evolutionary Optimization-Based Techniques for FIR Filter Design

Recent times have witnessed a wide application of evolutionary optimization by researchers, in design of digital FIR filters, based on frequency domain specifications. A significant growth has been reported in the field of evolutionary optimization-based FIR filter design. Optimization-based techniques are used to solve the filter design problem by framing the design task as an error function which is further solved to determine the filter coefficients that satisfies the desired specifications. However, the nonlinear, non-differentiable, non-convex, multimodal nature of the associated optimization problem makes the design task quite challenging. In this regard, a number of evolutionary optimization- based techniques have been applied for FIR filter design. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the various evolutionary optimization-based techniques for FIR filter design. In addition to the review, the reported techniques have been analyzed by implementing them on a common platform and comparing them in terms of their effectiveness in meeting the desired specifications.

Graphical User Interface Design of FIR Filter

FIR digital filter is a stable linear phase filter. Relying on the powerful computing power of MATLAB software and its GUI platform, this graduation project has completed the GUI design and implementation of FIR digital filter through programming. Through the FIR filter to achieve the program, you can design and implement a variety of amplitude characteristics of the FIR digital filter, according to the user input filter design indicators, select the corresponding filter design method (window function, frequency sampling method) to design the corresponding filter. According to the different amplitude characteristics, the parameters of the filter design parameters will change accordingly; when the Kaiser window design filter is selected, the user is allowed to input the stopband attenuation of the filter; when using the frequency sampling method to design the filter, the user must input the filter length and the transition zone sample value; when the parameter is entered incorrectly, the system will prompt for an error message. GUI can also provide intuitive filter amplitude characteristics, phase characteristics and the unit impulse response graphics to help users to confirm whether the design of the filter meets the design specifications; by setting the global shortcut keys, the user after all parameters and options is confirmed by the Shortcut keys to achieve the rapid implementation of filter design.

A new intelligent decision making system combining classical methods, evolutionary algorithms and statistical techniques for optimal digital FIR filter design and their performance evaluation

Filtering is one of the most important processes in electrical engineering. In digital systems, there are several methods that have been developed for filter designs. In this study, a new decision making system, which can be operated online or offline, based on statistical tests are developed for choosing the most appropriate FIR filter coefficients. For this purpose, this coefficients are optimized comparatively with nine evolutionary algorithms by using combination of some of fourteen windowing and four error functions (more than six hundred different combinations) as well as can be found via nine classical methods. As the evolutionary algorithms use random variables to achieve their results, they may not always make same design on each run. Therefore, this system is need to make a valid comparison between the algorithms employed. The key feature of proposed system is artificial intelligence phase which sorts algorithms from best to worst under certain criteria according to chosen error function after using Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparison tests. The proposed new approach in this intelligent decision making system, which can be also used for special, practical and educational purposes, gives the best results in between the algorithms for FIR filter design according to user requirements.

Design of FIR Digital Filter with Two Dimensions Using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper proposes a novel method which is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for the two-dimensional FIR digital filter design. In the PSO algorithm, it simply uses two adjusting mechanisms including particle’s velocity and position updating to achieve the optimization. In addition, numerical representations for each candidate solution are completely real numbers. The PSO algorithm is utilized to design the two-dimensional FIR digital filter with linear-phase characteristic so that its frequency response can approximately meet the desired specification. Finally, we will illustrate the design performance of the proposed method with two experiments. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme has a good design performance on the two-dimensional FIR digital filter.

Design, Analysis and Simulation of memristor Emulator based Anti-aliasing filter for Biomedical Applications

Background/Objectives: This paper presents timing storage circuit based on memristor emulator. The memristor emulator includes most of the characteristics of real memristor. Methods/Statistical analysis: The considerable properties that a memristor embrace are wide range of memristance, bimodal operability of pulse and continuous input signals, long period of volatility, operability with other devices. The proposed timing storage circuit stores and reproduces timing information in analog manner without performing quantization. Findings: In design of continuous-time digital FIR filter, the analog delags:y blocks, which are implemented using memristor, are replaced with memristor emulator based timing storage circuit. Application/Improvements. It extends its benefits of storing and reproducing the CT digital signals, wide range of memristance, and anti aliasing processing. A CT FIR filter has been designed with memristor emulator based delay block as an example

Design and Verification of Low Power DA-Adaptive Digital FIR Filter

A unique pipelined architecture for low-area, low-power, and high-throughput implementation of adaptive filter based on distributed arithmetic (DA) is presented in this paper. Distributed arithmetic (DA) is performed to design bit-level architectures for vector–vector multiplication with a direct application for the implementation of convolution, which is necessary for digital filters. Bit-serial operations and look-up tables (LUTs) are used to implement high throughput filters in which only one cycle per bit of resolution regardless of filter length is used. Also parallel lookup table (LUT) updation. Filtering and weight-update operations are concurrently performed to increase the throughput rate of adaptive FIR filter. The new approach of conditional signed carry-save accumulation is used in place of conventional adder based shift accumulation so that reduction of the sampling period and area complexity is easy. However adaptive DA filters also requires recalculating the LUTs for each adaptation which can nullify any performance advantages of DA filtering. The System is designed in Xilinx ISE 9.1 using Verilog HDL and it is routed using Model Sim 6.3. The Verification of the system's behaviour is done using MATLAB 13. DA adaptive filters are advantageous over digital signal processing microprocessor in terms of total area and power consumption.

Design of optimal digital FIR filters using evolutionary and swarm optimization techniques

Design of optimal filters is an essential part of signal processing applications. It involves the computation of optimal filter coefficients such that the designed filter response possesses a flat passband and up to an infinite amount of stopband attenuation. This study investigates the effectiveness of employing the swarm intelligence (SI) based and population-based evolutionary computing techniques in determining and comparing the optimal solutions to the FIR filter design problem. The nature inspired optimization techniques applied are cuckoo search, particle swarm and real-coded genetic algorithm using which the FIR highpass (HP) and bandstop (BS) optimal filters are designed. These filters are examined for the stopband attenuation, passband ripples and the deviation from desired response. Moreover, the employed optimization techniques are compared on the field of algorithm execution time, t-test, convergence rate and obtaining global optimal results for the design of digital FIR filters. The results reveal that the proposed FIR filter design approach using cuckoo search algorithm outperforms other techniques in terms of design accuracy, execution time and optimal solution.

FIR digital filter design using improved particle swarm optimization based on refraction principle

An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the model of refracting opposite learning, called refrPSO, is applied to design and optimize FIR low pass and high pass digital filters with linear phase. According to the refraction principle of light, the process of opposition-based learning is ameliorated, and then a new model of opposition-based learning, which is applied for improvement of particle swarm optimization, is proposed. For enhancing the performance of FIR digital filters, in this paper, the optimal combination of the filter coefficients is found out by applying the refrPSO for the design of FIR digital filters. Meanwhile, some well-known algorithms such as classic Parks-McClellan, standard Particle Swarm optimization and Particle Swarm optimization based on opposite learning are used to design FIR digital filters for comparison. Extensive experimental results show that the performance of FIR digital filters optimized by the refrPSO outperforms the one optimized by other algorithms obviously.

SPEECH SIGNAL ANALYSIS FOR LINEAR FILTER BANKS OF DIFFERENT ORDERS

In speech signal processing using of filter banks is very important. The critical requirement is the sum of all the frequency responses of the band-pass filters of the filter bank i.e. composite frequency response be flat with linear phase. This paper deals with design and implementation of linear-phase FIR digital filters based filter bank flat with flat composite frequency response. The design is based on special properties of FIR filters by which excellent frequency response can be achieved. Keyword: Speech signal, FIR Filter, Composite frequency response. -------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------