Dashboard Design Research Articles

Towards a Global Collection Description Standard

With digitisation of natural history collections over the past decades, their traditional roles — for taxonomic studies and public education — have been greatly expanded into the fields of biodiversity assessments, climate change impact studies, trait analyses, sequencing, 3D object analyses etc. (Nelson and Ellis 2019; Watanabe 2019). Initial estimates of the global natural history collection range between 1.2 and 2.1 billion specimens (Ariño 2010), of which 169 million (8-14% - as of April 2019) are available at some level of digitisation through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). With iDigBio (Integrated Digitized Biocollections) established in the United States and with the European DiSSCo (Distributed Systems of Scientific Collections) accepted on the ESFRI roadmap, it has become a priority to digitize natural history collections at an industrialized scale. Both iDigBio and DiSSCo aim at mobilising, unifying and delivering bio- and geo-diversity information at the scale, form and precision required by scientific communities, and thereby transform a fragmented landscape into a coherent and responsive research infrastructure. In order to prioritise digitisation based on scientific demand, and efficiency using industrial digitisation pipelines, it is required to arrive at a uniform and unambiguously accepted collection description standard that would allow comparing, grouping and analysing natural history collections at diverse levels. Several initiatives attempt to unambiguously describe natural history collections using taxonomic and storage classification schemes. These initiatives include One World Collection, Global Registry of Scientific Collections (GRSciColl), TDWG (Taxonomic Databases Working Group) Natural Collection Descriptions (NCD) and CETAF (Consortium of European Taxonomy Facilities) passports, among others. In a collaborative effort of DiSSCo, ICEDIG (Innovation and consolidation for large scale digitisation of natural heritage), iDigBio, TDWG and the Task Group Collection Digitisation Dashboards, the various schemes were compared in a cross-walk analysis to propose a preliminary natural collection description standard that is supported by the wider community. In the process, two main user groups of collection descriptions standards were identified; scientists and collection managers. The classification produced intends to meet requirements from them both, resulting in three classification schemes that exist in parallel to each other (van Egmond et al. 2019). For scientific purposes a ‘Taxonomic’ and ‘Stratigraphic’ classification were defined, and for management purposes a ‘Storage’ classification. The latter is derived from specimen preservation types (e.g. dried, liquid preserved) defining storage requirements and the physical location of specimens in collection holding facilities. The three parallel collection classifications can be cross-sectioned with a ‘Geographic’ classification to assign sub-collections to major terrestrial and marine regions, which allow scientists to identify particular taxonomic or stratigraphic (sub-)collections from major geographical or marine regions of interest. Finally, to measure the level of digitisation of institutional collections and progress of digitisation through time, the number of digitised specimens for each geographically cross-sectioned (sub-)collection can be derived from institutional collection management systems (CMS). As digitisation has different levels of completeness a ‘Digitisation’ scheme has been adopted to quantify the level of digitisation of a collection from Saarenmaa et al. 2019, ranging from ‘not digitised’ to extensively digitised, recorded in a progressive scale of MIDS (Minimal Information for Digital Specimen). The applicability of this preliminary classification will be discussed and visualized in a Collection Digitisation Dashboards (CDD) to demonstrate how the implementation of a collection description standard allows the identification of existing gaps in taxonomic and geographic coverage and levels of digitisation of natural history collections. This set of common classification schemes and dashboard design (van Egmond et al. 2019) will be contributed to the TDWG Collection Description interest group to ultimately arrive at the common goal of a 'World Collection Catalogue'.

Research on Form Design of Automotive Dashboard Based on Kansei Engineering

Understanding the driver’s emotional needs for the dashboard is crucial to the success of vehicle design. In order to reduce the psychological burden of drivers in obtaining on-board information, the image of automobile dashboard was visually described and quantitatively analyzed with applying Kansei Engineering theory and the principle of Quantitative Class I. The predictive model between the adjectives of vehicle dashboard shape and perceptual image was established by using multiple linear regression analysis method, and the relationship between perceptual image and design elements was analyzed. The results show that the main sensory factors of shape design should be gentle and comfortable in the process of automobile dashboard design. To improve the fit between automobile dashboard design and driver’s perceptual needs by transforming driver’s emotional perception into design elements.

Applying and Evaluating Visualization Design Guidelines for a MOOC Dashboard to Facilitate Self-Regulated Learning Based on Learning Analytics

With the help of learning analytics, MOOCs have wider potential to succeed in learning through promoting self-regulated learning (SRL). The current study aims to apply and validate visualization design guidelines for a MOOC dashboard to enhance such SRL capabilities based on learning analytics. To achieve the research objective, a MOOC dashboard prototype, LM-Dashboard, was designed and developed, reflecting the visualization design guidelines to promote SRL. Then, both expert and learner participants evaluated LM-Dashboard through iterations to validate the visualization design guidelines and perceived SRL effectiveness. The results of expert and learner evaluations indicated that most of the visualization design guidelines on LM-Dashboard were valid and some perceived SRL aspects such as monitoring a student’s learning progress and assessing their achievements with time management were beneficial. However, some features on LM-Dashboard should be improved to enhance SRL aspects related to achieving their learning goals with persistence. The findings suggest that it is necessary to offer appropriate feedback or tips as well as to visualize learner behaviors and activities in an intuitive and efficient way for the successful cycle of SRL. Consequently, this study contributes to establishing a basis for the visual design of a MOOC dashboard for optimizing each learner’s SRL.

Real-time and archival data visualisation techniques in city dashboards

ABSTRACTCity dashboards have become a common smart city technology, emerging as a key means of sharing and visualising urban data for the benefit of the public and city administrations. Operating as the front-end of many cities’ data stores, dashboards display and benchmark indicators relating to city operations, characteristics, and trends, displayed through interactive visual representations of spatial and temporal patterns. Many dashboards collect, archive, and present data collected in real-time, as well as more traditional time-sliced administrative data. In this paper, we evaluate the techniques that dashboards employ to present real-time data to dashboard users. Our analysis identifies two factors that shape and differentiate real-time visual analytic tools: the dynamic nature of the data, how they are refreshed, and how the realtimeness of the data is communicated to the user; and how the tool enables archival comparison. We assess dashboard design according to the strategies used to address specific challenges associated with each factor, specifically change blindness and temporal pattern detection. We conclude by proposing effective techniques for city dashboard design.

Four design principles for learner dashboards that support student agency and empowerment

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to take a student-centred perspective to understanding the range of ways that students respond to receiving information about their learning behaviours presented on a dashboard. It identifies four principles to inform the design of dashboards which support learner agency and empowerment, features which Prinsloo and Slade (2016) suggest are central to ethical adoption of learning analytics.Design/methodology/approachThe study involved semi-structured interviews with 24 final-year undergraduates to explore the students’ response to receiving dashboards that showed the students’ achievement and other learning behaviours.FindingsThe paper identifies four principles that should be used when designing and adopting learner dashboards to support student agency and empowerment.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was based on a small sample of undergraduate students from the final year from one academic school. The data are based on students’ self-reporting.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that these four principles are guiding tenets for the design and implementation of learner dashboards in higher education. The four principles are: designs that are customisable by students; foregrounds students sense making; enables students to identify actionable insights; and dashboards are embedded into educational processes.Originality/valueThe paper’s originality is that it illuminates student-centred principles of learner dashboard design and adoption.

What information should CSCL teacher dashboards provide to help teachers interpret CSCL situations?

Teachers play a major role during CSCL by monitoring and stimulating the types of interactions between students that are conducive to learning. Teacher dashboards are increasingly being developed to aid teachers in monitoring students’ collaborative activities, thereby constituting a form of indirect support for CSCL in the classroom. However, the process of how teachers find and interpret relevant information from dashboards, and which help they need during this process, remains largely unexamined. We first describe how we arrived at the design of a prototype teacher dashboard in the context of primary school fraction assignments, based on teacher interviews. We then report an experimental study (n = 53) to investigate the effect of the type of support a teacher dashboard offers (mirroring, alerting, or advising) on teachers’ detection and interpretation of potentially problematic situations where intervention might be needed. The results showed that the type of support did not influence detection of events, but did influence teachers’ interpretation of a CSCL situation.

Symptom Care at Home: A Comprehensive and Pragmatic PRO System Approach to Improve Cancer Symptom Care.

There is growing recognition that systematically obtaining the patient's perspective on their health experience, using patient-reported outcomes (PRO), can be used to improve patient care in real time. Few PRO systems are designed to monitor and provide symptom management support between visits. Patients are instructed to contact providers between visits with their concerns, but they rarely do, leaving patients to cope with symptoms alone at home. We developed and tested an automated system, Symptom Care at Home (SCH), to address this gap in tracking and responding to PRO data in-between clinic visits. The purpose of this paper is to describe SCH as an example of a comprehensive PRO system that addresses unmet need for symptom support outside the clinic. SCH uses pragmatic, single-item measures for assessing symptoms, which are commonly used and readily interpretable for both patients and providers. We established alerting values for PRO symptom data, which was particularly important for conserving oncology providers' time in responding to daily PRO data. The SCH system provides automated, just-in-time self-management coaching tailored to the specific symptom pattern and severity levels reported in the daily call. In addition, the SCH system includes a provider decision support system for follow-up symptom assessment and intervention strategies. SCH provides PRO monitoring, tailored automated self-management coaching, and alerts the oncology team of poorly controlled symptoms with a provider dashboard that includes evidence-based decision support for follow-up to improve individual patients' symptom care. We particularly emphasize our process for PRO selection, rationale for determining alerting thresholds, and the design of the provider dashboard and decision support. Currently, we are in the process of updating the SCH system, developing both web-based and app versions in addition to interactive voice response phone access and integrating the SCH system in the electronic health record.

Involving end-users in the design of an audit and feedback intervention in the emergency department setting \u2013 a mixed methods study

BackgroundLong length of stays (LOS) in emergency departments (ED) negatively affect quality of care. Ordering of inappropriate diagnostic tests contributes to long LOS and reduces quality of care. One strategy to change practice patterns is to use performance feedback dashboards for physicians. While this strategy has proven to be successful in multiple settings, the most effective ways to deliver such interventions remain unknown. Involving end-users in the process is likely important for a successful design and implementation of a performance dashboard within a specific workplace culture. This mixed methods study aimed to develop design requirements for an ED performance dashboard and to understand the role of culture and social networks in the adoption process.MethodsWe performed 13 semi-structured interviews with attending physicians in different roles within a single public ED in the U.S. to get an in-depth understanding of physicians’ needs and concerns. Principles of human-centered design were used to translate these interviews into design requirements and to iteratively develop a front-end performance feedback dashboard. Pre- and post- surveys were used to evaluate the effect of the dashboard on physicians’ motivation and to measure their perception of the usefulness of the dashboard. Data on the ED culture and underlying social network were collected. Outcomes were compared between physicians involved in the human-centered design process, those with exposure to the design process through the ED social network, and those with limited exposure.ResultsKey design requirements obtained from the interviews were ease of access, drilldown functionality, customization, and a visual data display including monthly time-trends and blinded peer-comparisons. Identified barriers included concerns about unintended consequences and the veracity of underlying data. The surveys revealed that the ED culture and social network are associated with reported usefulness of the dashboard. Additionally, physicians’ motivation was differentially affected by the dashboard based on their position in the social network.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of designing a performance feedback dashboard using a human-centered design approach in the ED setting. Additionally, we show preliminary evidence that the culture and underlying social network are of key importance for successful adoption of a dashboard.

Developing a Data Dashboard Framework for Population Health Surveillance: Widening Access to Clinical Trial Findings.

BackgroundPopulation surveillance sites generate many datasets relevant to disease surveillance. However, there is a risk that these data are underutilized because of the volumes of data gathered and the lack of means to quickly disseminate analysis. Data visualization offers a means to quickly disseminate, understand, and interpret datasets, facilitating evidence-driven decision making through increased access to information.ObjectivesThis paper describes the development and evaluation of a framework for data dashboard design, to visualize datasets produced at a demographic health surveillance site. The aim of this research was to produce a comprehensive, reusable, and scalable dashboard design framework to fit the unique requirements of the context.MethodsThe framework was developed and implemented at a demographic surveillance platform at the Africa Health Research Institute, in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. This context represents an exemplar implementation for the use of data dashboards within a population health-monitoring setting. Before the full launch, an evaluation study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of the dashboard framework as a data communication and decision-making tool. The evaluation included a quantitative task evaluation to assess usability and a qualitative questionnaire exploring the attitudes to the use of dashboards.ResultsThe evaluation participants were drawn from a diverse group of users working at the site (n=20), comprising of community members, nurses, scientific and operational staff. Evaluation demonstrated high usability for the dashboard across user groups, with scientific and operational staff having minimal issues in completing tasks. There were notable differences in the efficiency of task completion among user groups, indicating varying familiarity with data visualization. The majority of users felt that the dashboards provided a clear understanding of the datasets presented and had a positive attitude to their increased use.ConclusionsOverall, this exploratory study indicates the viability of the data dashboard framework in communicating data trends within population surveillance setting. The usability differences among the user groups discovered during the evaluation demonstrate the need for the user-led design of dashboards in this context, addressing heterogeneous computer and visualization literacy present among the diverse potential users present in such settings. The questionnaire highlighted the enthusiasm for increased access to datasets from all stakeholders highlighting the potential of dashboards in this context.

Learning analytics made in France: the METAL project

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the METAL project, a French open learning analytics (LA) project for secondary school, that aims at improving the quality of teaching. The originality of METAL is that it relies on research through exploratory activities and focuses on all the aspects of a learning analytics environment. Design/methodology/approach This work introduces the different concerns of the project: collection and storage of multi-source data owned by a variety of stakeholders, selection and promotion of standards, design of an open-source LRS, conception of dashboards with their final users, trust, usability, design of explainable multi-source data-mining algorithms. Findings All the dimensions of METAL are presented, as well as the way they are approached: data sources, data storage, through the implementation of an LRS, design of dashboards for secondary school, based on co-design sessions data mining algorithms and experiments, in line with privacy and ethics concerns. Originality/value The issue of a global dissemination of LA at an institution level or at a broader level such as a territory or a study level is still a hot topic in the literature, and is one of the focus and originality of this paper, associated with the large spectrum of different concerns.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE SISTEM PENGELOLAAN ARSIP DIGITAL PADA CILEGON CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CCSR)

CCSR is a non-governmental independent agency that synchronizes and integrates CSR Corporate work programs in Cilegon city with the Cilegon City Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMD). CSR (Corporate Sense Responsibility) is a company's social responsibility to the environment. This research was conducted at CCSR in order to design prototype of digital records management system. The objective of the research is to prepare a digital document management system design that refers to the process of CSR fund disbursement by CCSR, thus helping CCSR to manage CSR activities effectively, efficiently and accountably. The prototype of the application is built on the development of dashboard design, using the OOAD (Object Oriented analysis and design) model and tested using ISO 9126 testing method. The result of this research is prototype of digital records management system developed into an integrated solution Document Management Systemand can help CCSR to manage they operation document.

The Application of Business Intelligence Systems in Logistics. Review of Selected Practical Examples

Abstract The goal of the paper is to present the application of Business Intelligence systems belonging to the area of business analytics in the domain of logistics and particularly indicate its role and meaning in supporting logistics decision making processes. Its content embraces the characteristic of BI systems, its functionality, construction and benefits resulting from its implementation. The paper also presents review of research and case studies connected to the BI usage in such areas of logistics as optimization of supply chain, managerial dashboard design and improvement of business processes.

Guiding the choice of learning dashboard visualizations: Linking dashboard design and data visualization concepts

Learning dashboards are known to improve decision-making by visualizing learning processes and helping to track where learning processes evolve as expected and where potential issues (may) occur. Despite the popularity of such dashboards, little is known theoretically on the design principles. Our earlier research reports on the gap between dashboards’ design and learning science concepts, subsequently proposing a conceptual model that links dashboard design principles with learning process and feedback concepts. This paper extends our previous work by mapping the dashboard design and data/information visualization concepts. Based on a conceptual analysis and empirical evidence from earlier research, recommendations are proposed to guide the choice of visual representations of data in learning dashboards corresponding to the intended feedback typology.

Design and Implementation of Web-based Dashboard UI Components and Integrated Repository for Personal Health Records Management

Design and Implementation of Web-based Dashboard UI Components and Integrated Repository for Personal Health Records Management

Information Dashboards and Tailoring Capabilities - A Systematic Literature Review

The design and development of information dashboards are not trivial. Several factors must be accounted; from the data to be displayed to the audience that will use the dashboard. However, the increase in popularity of these tools has extended their use in several and very different contexts among very different user profiles. This popularization has increased the necessity of building tailored displays focused on specific requirements, goals, user roles, situations, domains, etc. Requirements are more sophisticated and varying; thus, dashboards need to match them to enhance knowledge generation and support more complex decision-making processes. This sophistication has led to the proposal of new approaches to address personal requirements and foster individualization regarding dashboards without involving high quantities of resources and long development processes. The goal of this work is to present a systematic review of the literature to analyze and classify the existing dashboard solutions that support tailoring capabilities and the methodologies used to achieve them. The methodology follows the guidelines proposed by Kitchenham and other authors in the field of software engineering. As results, 23 papers about tailored dashboards were retrieved. Three main approaches were identified regarding tailored solutions: customization, personalization, and adaptation. However, there is a wide variety of employed paradigms and features to develop tailored dashboards. The present systematic literature review analyzes challenges and issues regarding the existing solutions. It also identifies new research paths to enhance tailoring capabilities and thus, to improve user experience and insight delivery when it comes to visual analysis.

Between informative and esthetic: A user study of content and visualization on government data dashboards

ABSTRACTThis preliminary study aims to explore users' perceptions of and experiences with using government dashboards, accomplished by conducting experiments and interviews with eight participants. The results reveal that participants prefer information related to their lives and the government's performance on data dashboards. Confusing jargon on data dashboards is an obstacle that prevents users from understanding data visualizations. We also found that effective conveying of information does not always correlate with participants' preference of a data dashboard design. This study also suggests that participants are unclear about the role of government dashboards.

Automobile Intelligent Dashboard Design based on Human Computer Interaction

Automobile Intelligent Dashboard Design based on Human Computer Interaction

Dashboard Design for Evidence-based Policymaking of Sejong City Government

Dashboard Design for Evidence-based Policymaking of Sejong City Government

LADA: A learning analytics dashboard for academic advising

From the perspective of Learning and Educational Technologies, academic advising has been one of the most overlooked aspects of academic support systems, despite being critical for the learning process and final success of students. The majority of higher education institutions provides simple technical support to academic advisers with basic descriptive statistics. This article presents the general design and implementation of a Learning Analytics Dashboard for Advisers (LADA), to support the decision-making process of academic advisers through comparative and predictive analysis. Moreover, this work evaluates the use of this tool to support decision-making of actual advisers in two different higher education institutions (University A, University B), compared with more traditional procedures and tools. Results indicate that LADA enables expert advisers to evaluate significantly more scenarios (Median = 2), especially for high advising difficulty cases with students that failed many courses (MedianA=3,MedianB=2.5), in a not-significantly different amount of time. For inexperienced advisers, LADA is perceived as a valuable tool for more accurate and efficient decision-making, as they were able to make informed decisions in a similar amount of time compared to the experts. These results are encouraging for further developments in the field.

Design of a clinician dashboard to facilitate co-decision making in the management of non-specific low back pain

This paper presents the design of a Clinician Dashboard to promote co-decision making between patients and clinicians. Targeted patients are those with non-specific low back pain, a leading cause of discomfort, disability and absence from work throughout the world. Targeted clinicians are those in primary care, including general practitioners, physiotherapists, and chiropractors. Here, the functional specifications for the Clinical Dashboard are delineated, and wireframes illustrating the system interface and flow of control are shown. Representative scenarios are presented to exemplify how the system could be used for co-decision making by a patient and clinician. Also included are a discussion of potential barriers to implementation and use in clinical practice and a look ahead to future work. This work has been conducted as part of the Horizon 2020 selfBACK project, which is funded by the European Commission.