Design Of Residential Buildings Research Articles

Some disadvantages of the architectural design of residential buildings and their solutions

Currently, creativity is developing rapidly. But, unfortunately, there are drawbacks in the construction industry:Climatic conditions, underground geology and wind direction must be taken into account when designing medium and high-rise residential buildings, especially in the construction of residential buildings. Also, residential buildings are built without the use of external enclosing structures, entrances and other elements that protect them from excessive sunlight. On improving the design of residential buildings, taking into account the above factors.

Deviations in design of residential buildings

With the migration of labourers from cosmopolitan cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, Gurugram etc; there is a huge housing demand in these tier II cities. But these demands are difficult to meet, but still developers as well as government agencies deliver the projects. The main issues with these developers are delivering the project on time and cost. But due to the lots of change orders, these projects are not delivered on time. The change orders/deviations are the changes which we do in the design and construction stage. These changes are the design changes, construction methodology changes as well as changes related with material and workmanship issues.

A study on heating of residential buildings in the Yangtze River Valley of China

Yangtze River is China's densely populated and the most economically prosperous region. It’s hot and humid in summer and cold in winter in this region. This area is considered as a non-heating region in winter, The residential building design usually does not consider the building heating requirements. The building envelope thermal performance is poor, and the indoor thermal environment quality is worse in the residential building in this region. In recent years, local experts and residents in the area have expressed strong willingness to building heating in winter. Consequently, on the basis of field investigation and field test, this paper has analyzed the choice of building heating mode from the aspects of local meteorological conditions, indoor environment status, local residents' living habits and residents' heating demand. Based on the results of the technological economic comparison of preliminary studies, suggestions on the suitable building heating mode were given in the Yangtze River Valley of China.

Features of landscape design for 9-floor residential buildings

Features of landscape design for 9-floor residential buildings

Архитектура жилых зданий из крупных панелей – тенденции формирования

The paper discusses the experience and trends in the design and construction of residential buildings using large prefabricated panels, including a shape-generating factor of residential areas in the city. In the seismic regions of the Russian Federation and the Irkutsk region, in particular, the construction, reconstruction and renovation of large-panel housing have become of particular relevance owing to state programmes to increase the stability of residential buildings and basic and life-support infrastruc-ture. The domestic and foreign experience in construction using large panels allows the information to be systematised and several aspects of the study to be highlighted: a) stylistic and planning methods for developing residential buildings; b) the variability of the architectural form making of residential buildings following social demand and economic potential; c) industrial construction methods, reflecting the technical achievements of a certain period; d) using conventional tools to create a structure, ar-rangement and texture of facades; e) seismic capacity of buildings depending on site conditions and construction period. The results indicate that old prefabricated large-panel buildings have significant physical and seismic deterioration and rarely meet technical, social and aesthetic requirements; there-fore, reconstruction or renovation is necessary. Experimental data evidences the following. Developing and improving the construction technologies of residential buildings using prefabricated or on-site produced large panels, state-of-the-art construction technologies, a variety of construction and finish materials, tools of architectural modelling will overcome the uniformity of existing residential buildings and buildings under construction. They also ensure good construction quality, a high level of energy efficiency and seismic capacity in mass housing construction.

Study on Energy-saving Design of Immigrant Residential Buildings in Midwestern Ningxia

Based on the investigation of the indoor thermal environment of rural immigrant residential buildings in Shapotou District, Zhongwei City, Ningxia Province, the indoor thermal environment is tested and analyzed. Combined with the local geographical conditions and economic development, the external envelope structure is optimized, and the energy-saving transformation scheme of the envelope structure is put forward. The energy consumption analysis model is established by DeST software, The energy consumption of immigrant residential buildings before and after reconstruction is simulated. The results show that the maximum indoor natural temperature of the reconstructed building in the coldest month is increased by 6.45°C, the minimum temperature is increased by 4.51°C, the average temperature is increased by 5.57°C, and the building energy efficiency is increased by 63.4%. The cumulative load reduction of four immigrant villages in one year is converted into standard coal of about 3900t. The results provide a theoretical basis for improving the indoor thermal environment and reducing building energy consumption of immigrant residential buildings, and provide a reference for the development of residential buildings suitable for the local climate.

Predictive control co-design for enhancing flexibility in residential housing with battery degradation

Buildings are responsible for about a quarter of global energy-related CO2 emissions. Consequently, the decarbonisation of the housing stock is essential in achieving net-zero carbon emissions. Global decarbonisation targets can be achieved through increased efficiency in using energy generated by intermittent resources. The paper presents a co-design framework for simultaneous optimal design and operation of residential buildings using Model Predictive Control (MPC). The framework is capable of explicitly taking into account operational constraints and pushing the system to its efficiency and performance limits in an integrated fashion. The optimality criterion minimises system cost considering time-varying electricity prices and battery degradation. A case study illustrates the potential of co-design in enhancing flexibility and self-sufficiency of a system operating under different conditions. Specifically, numerical results from a low-fidelity model show substantial carbon emission reduction and bill savings compared to an a-priori sizing approach.

ОЦЕНКА ОГНЕСТОЙКОСТИ СТАЛЬНЫХ КОНСТРУКЦИЙ ПРИ НОРМИРУЕМЫХ ТЕМПЕРАТУРНЫХ РЕЖИМАХ ПОЖАРА

Purpose. Fire development model application field to assess fire resistance of steel basic structures, taking into account the terms of use of buildings and structures was determined. Methods. The regulatory sources were analyzed by the authors; calculation of steel structures heating with and without fire protection were carried out under the conditions of a standard temperature regime of a fire and a regime of hydrocarbons combustion using the Ansys software package; the calculations were compared with experimental data. Findings. The conducted research to assess steel structures fire resistance under the conditions of a standard temperature fire regime and hydrocarbons combustion regime demonstrated the possibility of calculating their heating using the Ansys software package. It has been established that the fire resistance limit for the loss of steel structures bearing capacity without fire protection at a standard temperature regime is 2 times higher than at a hydrocarbon temperature regime, and with fire protection made of cement-sand plaster or Newspray coating - 1.2-1.3 times. Research application field. The calculated values of the limits of steel basic structures fire resistance with fire protection made of cement-sand plaster or Newspray coating for a standard fire temperature regime can be used in the design and reconstruction of residential, public and office buildings. When designing buildings and structures of oil and gas, petrochemical enterprises, offshore fixed platforms for oil and gas production, the calculations outcomes for steel structures fire resistance under conditions of a hydrocarbon temperature regime should be used. Conclusions. The possibility of calculating the actual limit of fire resistance of unprotected steel building structures and structures with fire protection under the conditions of a standard fire temperature regime and hydrocarbons combustion regime with using the Ansys software package was determined. The resulting nomograms of steel structures fire resistance with fire protection made of cement-sand plaster and the Newspray coating may be used to design passive fire protection systems at construction sites, taking into account the standardized fire temperature regimes, depending on the terms of structures use.

Интеграция малых ветроэнергетических установок в архитектурную форму малоэтажного жилого здания

The article considers some options of integration of small wind power plants (hereinafter SWPP) into the architectural design of low-rise residential buildings using the effect of strengthening wind flows («draught»). The influence of the architectural form on the creation of this effect emerging near the SWPP location is investigated, the SWPP being regarded as an architectural element of the building. The classification of SWPPs is presented applying the principles of allocation and operation in the most suitable places in the structure of low-rise residential buildings. The «draught» effect emerging in various forms of low-rise buildings is analyzed graphically and on the basis of a software research method envisaging a testing in the form of experimental design. As a hypothesis and goal setting, the authors propose a new architectural morphogenesis of low-rise residential buildings using small wind power plants.

An insight into the quality of internal built environment in Vladivostok. Part 2: Studying the sanitary and microbiological condition of indoor air

Introduction. This work is devoted to study the microbiological composition of the air 110 dwellings in the city of Vladivostok and the assessment of the impact of various factors on the microbiological condition of premises. The study is aimed at obtaining information about the real sanitary and hygienic conditions of the exploited residential area and identifying patterns of changes in environmental indicators from design decisions, building parameters and conditions of its operation. Research statistics are the result of field research with laboratory processing of the samples obtained. The relevance of scientific work also lies in the possibility of further factor analysis and verification of sanitary norms and rules with the practice of real design and operation of residential buildings. Materials and methods. Surveys were conducted on the basis of air sampling with subsequent assessment of the content of bacteria in the air of apartment buildings of different types, built at different times from different materials. Results. The section presents analytical data on the content of three main groups of bacteria in the air of residential premises located on the territory of Vladivostok. Based on the accumulated data, a comparative analysis was carried out to establish a correlation between the number of microorganisms in the air and the city area, the type of building material of the house, the density of apartment occupancy, and the presence of pets. Conclusions. Data on the influence of apartment occupancy density on the sanitary and microbiological situation were obtained. The assessment of the influence on the density of microbiological contamination of such factors as: the presence of pets, the type of building materials from which buildings are built, as well as the territorial location of the surveyed apartments.

Current trends interior design of residential building

The article analyzes the main tasks and principles of solving the interior design of residential buildings as an everyday human environment. The design of residential buildings using quality materials is considered.

Assessment of radon-222 radiation activity in the design of residential buildings

In this paper, we have developed a method that allows us to evaluate the radiation activity of radon-222 based on mathematical modeling in the design of residential buildings in accordance with the rules for designing anti-radon protection. The method is based on the numerical solution of the diffusion, heat transfer, and Navier - Stokes equations, supplemented by appropriate turbulence models, initial and boundary conditions, in particular, the process of natural decay and sedimentation of radon-222 in the room is taken into account. Verification of the method for residential premises of an apartment building located on the territory of Saint Petersburg was performed. Using the proposed calculation method allows you to identify the most radiation dangerous places in the room, rationally organize the air exchange and configuration of the room, prevent the development of sick building syndrome, etc.

Application analysis of green ecological building theory based on residential architectural design

At this stage, with the proposal of green, ecological and environmental protection concepts, higher requirements have been put forward for the current residential architectural design. Applying the concept of green ecological architecture to residential architectural design can not only reduce the consumption of resources and pollution to the environment, but also achieve the construction of green houses and green cities. At the same time, it is also the key that promotes the sustainable development of the construction industry. In this article, it first analyzes the significance of green ecological residential architectural design; it then focuses on the specific application of green ecological architectural concepts in residential building design.

Capacity-based seismic design of a middle-rise residential building in an area of moderately-high seismicity

As Indonesia is located across three active tectonic plates, it is prone to a high potential earthquake threat. Strict regulations have been introduced to prevent damage to buildings caused by seismic activity. This study aims to examine the behavior of a middle-rise residential building in a moderately-high seismicity area (i.e. Semarang City) and the design of the Reinforced Concrete (RC) members under seismic load. The design was based on the capacity method and the strong column-weak beam concept was applied to the plastic hinge effect that occurred in the beam. Therefore, the analytical computation was performed, taking the structural seismic response into account. Also, the code-based design calculation of RC members was achieved. The measured structural response showed that the building fulfilled the requirements stated in the Indonesia Code of Earthquake-based Design. The first two modes of the building translated in the Y and X directions, which is the preferred response under the earthquake. The story-drifts that occurred were within the acceptable limits and the structural stiffness in the X and Y directions were found to be similar. Finally, the exact design of RC members was found to satisfy the code.

Modern Wooden Construction System Comparison

Wood-based construction is a rapidly growing branch of construction in the world, it is slightly worse on the Polish field. In the era of care for the environment, it is important that newly constructed building objects, including buildings, not only use as little energy as possible, but are also made of materials received as ecological. Wood-based construction combines both of these aspects. There are, however, two other market aspects: price and availability of materials and technological solutions. Wooden buildings are more environmentally and human friendly than other material solutions, and with proper insulation, finishing and well-chosen installation systems, they can also be tempted to become a zero-energy building, i.e. one whose energy balance is zero per year. Among the architectural design offers today you can find a large number of residential or public building designs (low or large volume) with a wood-based structure, both in terms of bar solutions (generally seen through the prism of skeletal objects), as well as massive structures (today mainly seen through the prism plate objects). Each of them has different design assumptions, but in principle the goal is common. The right kind of construction, insulation and finishing materials should be chosen for each. For structural elements, various types of protection should be taken, e.g. in the field of fire safety or against technical wood pests, etc. In the field of insulation, analyses of thermal issues, waterproofing and wind protection are undertaken. The choice of finishing materials should also take into account solutions that are the least burdening the environment and minimize energy losses, among others by avoiding possible thermal bridges. This article attempts to present the topic in a synthetic way, outlining global trends and possibilities of the Polish wood-based construction market. The calculation example illustrates the heat balance and environmental loads of a single-family wooden building with thermal insulation selected so that the building envelope meets the current requirements given in the Technical Conditions.

PREREQUISITES FOR FORMING A FLEXIBLE HOUSING

The world is becoming more open and our life became more dynamic. People are less dependent on place and the boundaries are blurred between home, work space and leisure. One of the reasons for the appearance of the direction of "flexible architecture" is the task of slowing down the premature moral aging of the building. This article analyzes the theoretical prerequisites for the formation of flexible architecture. The concepts of theorists of architecture of the XX century are also worked out. We have specified the scientific terminology associated with the problem that is the interpretation of the terms "flexible" and "adaptive" architecture. This analysis allows to affirm that the terms "adaptability" and "flexibility" are close but not the same. Moreover, the term flexibility (including transformability) means radical changes in the object’s structure, that relates the constructive: walls moving, adding space outside, etc. Adaptability - the quality of dwelling that means easy changes: functional and planning adjustments and adaptation to external factors through a building’s smart adaptation. To identify the obstacles that do not allow to modify inner space according to new circumstances we have substantiated the most common types of apartment buildings for flexibility assessment. It was analyzed spatial and structural scheme of the building (from 1960 – until today) and this helped to identify a number of recommendations for increasing flexibility in the design of new residential buildings. As a result, it is important to use more dynamic and adaptive design and planning solutions that are able to respond to the modern life cycle, such as: free (open) levels planning; using a modular design, terrace building; double flooring construction (engineering between floor layers allows to place in different ways functional zones inside); pre-increased living space, which in the future allows to add new functional areas.

Multi-criteria analysis and ant colony optimization for seismic design of concrete residential buildings at the early stage phase: Algerian case study

Concrete building design is a complex engineering task that involves security and functionality requirements, prescribed by regulations, and economic constraints. Design complexity could be further emphasized if the seismic hazard is to be considered. Therefore, concrete building design could be seen as a multi-criteria task. This vision should be adopted at early stage design, since decisions made at this stage have a major impact on the structural vulnerability and the construction cost of the final design. In this study, a multi-criteria seismic design methodology is developed and applied to concrete residential buildings. The proposed methodology includes two main design criteria: construction cost and seismic vulnerability. The first criterion is evaluated based on a statistical cost model developed using Algerian database, whereas the seismic vulnerability is assessed using the Risk-UE method. The identification of the optimal design solutions is achieved using ant colony optimization (ACO). Ranking of the Pareto-optimal solutions is performed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. A comparative study is carried out with two well-established ranking methods, namely PROMETHEE and TOPSIS. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through application in a building project in Algeria. Results show that the statistical cost model combined with ACO optimization and multi-criteria selection through AHP represent a viable and robust methodology allowing for the determination of the best design solutions, and provides an efficient tool for decision-making at early stage design for building engineers.

Achieving wind comfort through window design in residential buildings in cold climates, a case study in Tabriz city

Abstract Air movement affects thermal comfort both by increasing evaporative loss through the skin and heat transfer between the body and surrounding environment through convection. Generally, in cold climates, it is best to avoid wind to better control the thermal environment. However, crafted passive airflow is essential for providing fresh air and natural ventilation at certain times of year. The use of a window of the right size and location in a cold climate is also indispensable. In this study, the wind speed was calculated for the height of a residential building in the city of Tabriz. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to calculate the inflow air speed for each window and the comfort conditions were compared. The findings determined the months where window openings can be used to enhance thermal comfort. The analysis shows how the direction and shape of the window play a major role in directing outdoor air flow indoors at the right time in the right quantity. East- and west-facing windows are most favorable and north- and south-facing windows can only be used in some months. This shows how building designers can quantify the effect of window design in each climate for the occupant’s comfort.

A Study of Design Variables in Daylight and Energy Performance in Residential Buildings under Hot Climates

In Saudi Arabia, residential buildings are one of the major contributors to total energy consumption. Even though there are abundant natural resources, it is somewhat difficult to apply them to building designs, as design variables, due to slow progress and private issues in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the present study demonstrated the development of sustainable residential building design by examining the daylighting and energy performance with design variables. Focusing on the daylighting system, the design variables were chosen, including window-to-wall ratios (WWR), external shading devices, and types of glazing. The illuminance level by these design variables in a building was evaluated by using daylight metrics, such as spatial daylight autonomy and annual sunlight exposure. Moreover, the building energy consumption with these design variables was analyzed by using energy simulation. As a result, the daylighting was improved with the increase in WWRs and the tinted double glazing, while these design options can cause overheating in a residential building. Among types of glazing, the double pane windows with a low-E coating showed better energy performance. Based on the results, it is necessary to find the proper design variables that can balance the daylighting and energy performance in residential buildings in hot climates.

History of the department of architecture

The history of the Department of Architecture begins from the first days of the creation of Dnepropetrovsk Civil Engineering Institute (now − State Higher Education Institution “Prydniprovska State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture”). For 90 years of its existence, the Department of Architecture has passed a large and important path for the Academy and, in particular, for the Faculty of Architecture, the Faculty of Industrial and Civil Engineering and the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Ecology, the path of its formation and development. The scientific research of the Department of Architecture were used in the design, construction and reconstruction of residential, civil and industrial buildings on the territory of all functional zones of many cities of the former USSR and current Ukraine. The developments of the department staff were introduced into the master plans of Moscow, Riga, Tallinn, Vilnius, Liepaja, Chisinau, Baku, Nalchik, Dnipropetrovsk, Ternopil, Khmelnytskyi, Ivano-Frankivsk, Uzhgorod, Lugansk, Sevastopol, Yalta, Kerch and many others. The research results were published in scientific collections, academic journals and in individual monographs, as well as discussed in conferences at various levels, held in countries around the world. The staff of the department took personal part in scientific conferences in Austria, Hungary, Spain, Sweden and the Czech Republic. More than 20 PhD theses have been defended under the guidance of the department staff. In the ranks of the department worked earlier and are currently working full and honorary members and corresponding members of such academies as: the International Academy of Life Safety, the Academy of Civil Engineering of Ukraine and the Academy of Engineering. At present, the staff of the Department of Architecture is spending a lot of efforts so that students and graduates of the Academy are proud of their Academy, and also performing competently and up-to-date work on reconstruction and new construction in any infrastructure facilities of modern cities.