Product Design Research Articles

Development of Teaching Modules in Problem-Based Mathematics Learning to Improve Junior High School Students' Mathematical Literacy

Based on the observations and interviews at State Junior High School 8 Tangerang, data was obtained from the teaching modules at the school. Explaining the material in the teaching module has not improved students' mathematical literacy skills. The aim of this research is: (1) to develop a teaching module as a learning module on social arithmetic material for class 7 of State Junior High School 8 Tangerang, (2) to determine the feasibility of the teaching module, (3) find out the assessment of class seventh students at state junior high school 8 Tangerang regarding the development of teaching modules. This research is a development research or Research and Development (R&D) type. The steps in this research are potential and problems, collecting information, product design, product validation, product improvement, and product testing. The instrument used in this research was a learning media validation sheet. Based on the validation results by media and material experts, the average was 4.50 out of a maximum score of 5.00, and learning practitioners averaged 4.57 out of a maximum score of 5.00, categorized as very feasible. The results of the teaching module trial received a very good response from students, with an average of 3.88 out of a score of 4.00, meaning that the teaching module was very suitable for use in the learning module.

Development and Application of A Wearable Technology Product That Detects and Informs The Presence of Electrical Energy

Electrical energy has both positive and negative effects nowadays, with the potential to cause property and human loss. Technical professionals working at electrical energy generation, distribution, and utilization points may die due to carelessness or neglect. Although there are protection elements (fuses, residual current protection relays, etc.) in electrical panels that interrupt the flow of electrical energy in the event of a shock, there may be working areas where energy cannot be cut off due to incorrect electrical connections caused by unauthorized people interacting with the panel. Existing protective components may be insufficient. The experiments include both wired protection elements and wireless detection elements. However, they need to be enhanced because they have limited detection distances. Furthermore, using an ergonomic design can improve operability. New protection and warning features must be designed using developing technology. To prevent employees from being shocked by being exposed to electrical energy in the workplace, AC voltage can be detected without contact using this study, which includes the design and test results of a wearable technology product that warns when electricity is present. An electrical circuit that technical staff can wear on their finger detects voltage without contact and displays the existence of energy with a red LED. It was discovered that the test circuit detects 230V AC electrical energy up to 8 cm away and warns with light.

Simulation and Assessment of Thermal-Stress Analysis of Welding Materials in IGBT.

Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs), as an important power semiconductor device, are susceptible to thermal stress, thermal fatigue, and mechanical stresses under high-voltage, high-current, and high-power conditions. Elevated heat dissipation within the module leads to fluctuating rises in temperature that accelerate its own degradation and failure, ultimately causing damage to the module as a whole and posing a threat to operator safety. Through ANSYS Workbench simulation analysis, it is possible to accurately predict the temperature distribution, equivalent stress, and equivalent strain of solder materials under actual working conditions, thus revealing the changing laws of the heat-mechanical interaction in solder materials. Simulation analysis results show that, under steady-state operating conditions, the highest point of the IGBT module's overall junction temperature occurs in the center of the chip. Nanogold exhibited the best performance in terms of temperature and equivalent stress-strain among the five solders studied in this paper; defects near the edges caused greater harm to the module compared to those closer to the solder layer's center. In terms of stress, defects located near the edge corners produced larger strains. Crazing damage in joints allows for a faster transfer of heat sources away from the center; in terms of stress, crazing has fewer detrimental effects on the integrity of the module as compared to through cracks. Simulation analysis can model the interaction of heat and equipment under realistic work conditions, comparing and evaluating different types of solder materials to select the most suitable solder material for product design and material selection. This aids in enhancing design precision and reliability.

AI-Assisted 3D Modeling Strategy for Microstructure-Based Functional Surfaces Using ChatGPT and Random Forest

With the development of computer programming, product design is being carried out through computer programming such as 3D CAD/CAM when developing products, and the cost of developing new products can be greatly reduced by using 3D modeling tools in which various engineering theories are programmed. With the recent rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), various AI applications have been actively proposed in various fields. In this study, we report a ChatGPT-based 3D modeling program (CMP) which can easily design microstructures, and the theory of wettability that was programmed into the CMP. Since the theory related to wettability is programmed into the CMP, once the user enters basic information about the desired functional surface, such as superhydrophobic surfaces, at the CMP prompt, 3D structures with the performance of superhydrophobicity are immediately provided. Through microstructure fabrication techniques, the microstructure designed by the CMP was actually fabricated, wettability experiments were conducted, and it was confirmed that a superhydrophobic surface was successfully designed. As such, the AI-based CMP can easily design microstructure-based functional surfaces, and we expect this method not only to decrease the fabrication costs of designing micro/nano structures but also to be useful in various fields.

2053 innovative product design does not exist

The short essay considers the development of design over the past 30 years and what that means for the future, using ai as a means of discussion, will professional design exist in 2053?

Analisis dan Rancangan di PT Honda

This article describes the analysis and development strategy at PT Astra Honda Motor, one of the leaders of the Indonesian two-wheel industry. This article uses SWOT analysis and Porter's Five Forces model to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company. PT Astra Honda Motor is known for its product quality and strong brand image, but faces challenges from competitors such as Yamaha. Strategic design includes product differentiation, design innovation, and price adjustments to maintain market share.

Artificial Intelligence in the Sustainable Design and Manufacturing of Products in Civil Engineering in the Context of Industry 4.0

The implementation of smart technologies as well as artificial intelligence resulted in an increase in productivity and efficiency in production, optimization of costs, and automation of time-consuming processes. The situation is similar in the field of the production of construction products. Digitization and automation are challenges within Industry 4.0 (Construction 4.0), which are the subject and interest of several studies and discussions by experts in the field. The aim of the research is to analyze the relationships between digitization in the industry, artificial intelligence, and performance in the design, production, and use of construction products in the context of Industry 4.0 principles. The research uses primary and secondary data on the use of AI and its potential and impacts in the field of performance and efficiency in design, production, and use in civil engineering. Several statistical tools are used in the analysis, from descriptive statistics to the use of statistical tests and correlation and regression analysis. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was the primary tool for evaluating the dependence between variables. The research results point to the connection and dependence between the use of AI and digitization in individual design and production activities. Autonomous production machines, the production of ore products, and generative design represent areas of production in the construction industry, where the use of AI and digitization makes sense from the point of view of the performance of the results. Innovations and intelligent tools within the concept of Industry 4.0 (Construction 4.0) are, therefore, a prerequisite for an effective setting of design and production in this industry as well.

Planning BOF repair system in conditions of quasi-periodic operation of units

Using the example of the steelmaking production of JSC EVRAZ United West Siberian Metallurgical Plant, the paper considers the task of synchronous calendar planning in the interval of several planned periods of operation of basic oxygen furnace (BOF), BOF shops, production as a whole, as well as ongoing repairs of BOF for steelmaking production (two BOF shops with two and three BOFs). Scheduled stops of the BOF for repair depend on the actual achieved duration of the lining campaign and production schedules of the units and are performed when the current duration of the BOF campaign reaches a given standard value. Thus, the current duration of the BOF campaign is described by a discrete, nonlinear quasi-periodic function that does not have a fixed period, but has some regularity. Technological limitations were forma­lized, determining the minimum and maximum values of the number of melts per day that each of the workshops can produce with one or two BOFs operating simultaneously. The authors formulated the conditions to avoid performing two “cold” repairs in one shop in one planned period and ensuring daily processing by BOF shops of all cast iron coming from the blast furnace shop. In the proposed mathematical formulation of the problem, it is required to find such schedules of BOF repairs and such calendar plans of their work that satisfy the formulated constraints and optimize the non-linear criterion. The proposed criterion is aimed at ensuring the constant readiness of the shops for implementation of the production program and design productivity. The task is formulated for the conditions of trouble-free operation and stable provision of the shops with liquid cast iron as the main component of the metal charge of BOF smelting.

INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY OF TOPOLOGICALLY OPTIMIZED PRODUCTS FROM PHOTOPOLYMER RESINS ON THE ANISOTROPY OF THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

This article discusses the problem of ensuring strength and minimum mass in the design of products manufactured using additive technologies. The authors investigated the possibility of using topological optimization in computer-aided design systems to create an optimized model with the necessary strength at a minimum weight. As part of the work, the topological optimization of the bracket, the production of its samples by additive manufacturing methods and strength tests were carried out. The optimal values were found via finite element analysis using the SolidWorks and ANSYS software. The calculation results show that the optimized model retains about 20% of the original mass and has the necessary mechanical characteristics. In particular, the excess safety margin is reduced by 2.5 times, which is acceptable for this bracket. The subsequent verification of the models is carried out through destruction tests of the products manufactured using additive technologies, i.e. the method of filament deposition and stereolithography. To account for the anisotropy of the material, a series of samples oriented at different angles to the direction of construction was made. The tests were carried out on a test bench for simultaneous biaxial stretching, which corresponds to the design loads on the bracket. An increase in the tensile load on the sample was carried out before its destruction. In the course of the work, the presence of anisotropy of mechanical properties was revealed, and optimization results in various software packages were studied. The results of strength tests allow us to draw two conclusions. Firstly, due to the anisotropy of the material, the strength properties significantly depend on the orientation of the bracket during additive manufacturing. Secondly, the bracket, optimized by means of the SolidWorks software package, generally showed the best strength properties for various orientations during manufacturing. Also, which is quite expected, the samples obtained by stereolithography showed less anisotropy than the samples obtained by the method of filament deposition. In conclusion, it is noted that the use of additive technologies to create optimized forms requires considering printing technologies and anisotropy of properties, as well as the choice of appropriate software.

AN INSPIRATION FOR ALL TIME: PIONEER VERENA HOLMES’ IMPACT ON FUTURE ENGINEERING PRACTICE

Verena Holmes is a pioneer for women in the industry as arguably the first female in the UK to have a full-time career as a professional mechanical, design and biomedical engineer. She was an advocate for widening participation in engineering and dedicated to the development of female engineers. In 1932, Verena Holmes filed a patent for a poppet valve for fluid pressured systems, which in 2022 has provided inspiration for students to conceive, design, implement and operate their own design. The poppet valve project challenges first-year biomedical, mechanical and product design engineering students to consider engineering materials, manufacturing, fixes and fittings, and tolerance considerations. This paper will provide qualitative analysis of the level of practical engineering learning, and the depth of student learning. There is also a quantitative analysis of the students’ evaluation of the learning opportunity, to inspire, develop and stimulate them to be the next generation of engineers.

AN INTERACTIVE BOOK TO PROMOTE EMPATHY IN EARLY CHILDHOOD TOWARD SOUTH KALIMANTAN'S ENDEMIC WILDLIFE

This research aims to develop an interactive book as a medium to foster empathy in early childhood towards endemic animals in South Kalimantan, particularly the proboscis monkey (Bekantan) and mudskipper fish (Timpakul). The research follows a research and development (R&D) methodology, encompassing need analysis, product design, development, and evaluation stages. The interactive book, titled Antan & Kepi: The Friendship that Grew by the River, tells the story of a friendship between Antan, the proboscis monkey, and Kepi, the mudskipper, which forms when Antan shows empathy by rescuing Kepi from being trapped in rocks. The book aims to address the identified lack of local wisdom-based reading materials, particularly those featuring endemic animals, available to young learners in South Kalimantan. The product was validated by two experts: a media expert and an early childhood English expert. The validation process assessed content feasibility, alignment with psychological and linguistic development, and technical aspects of media presentation. The final product received an overall validation score of 86.08%, indicating high feasibility for use. Despite this, experts suggested improvements in font size and image clarity to enhance readability and visual appeal. The findings highlight the potential of interactive media to contextualize learning and support language acquisition while instilling empathy and environmental awareness in young children. The interactive book provides an engaging, culturally relevant resource for early childhood education, offering a meaningful, localized learning experience that connects children with their environment.

Bending Performance of Plantation Teakwood and Its Mechanism Based on Radial and Tangential Directions

Curvilinear components made from solid wood bending not only enhance the use value of wood but also add a unique aesthetic to solid wood products, in line with the concept of green and sustainable development. In this study, we focused on the influence of the direction of the wood growth rings on the bending performance of teakwood and its bending mechanism, and radial and tangential bending experiments were conducted on teakwood using the synergistic softening method of a triethanolamine compounding solution and steaming. The results showed that the radial bending coefficient of the teakwood after softening treatment was 1/9.26, 41.39% higher than that for chordwise bending, 1/15.8. Through a macroscopic analysis, the stress distribution of the teakwood during radial bending was found to be uniform, while during tangential bending, the stress was mainly borne by many longitudinal growth rings, which are prone to the bending “destabilization” phenomenon. From SEM and AFM observations, it was found that the earlywood zone and latewood zone on the outermost tensile surface of the tangential bending are longitudinal; the stress redistribution problem still exists in the bending process; and ray parenchyma are the most vulnerable part, gradually extending to the earlywood zone and causing more serious bending tearing. It can be seen that the bending performance of teakwood is not only affected by the softening process but also obviously constrained by the direction of the growth rings, which is of great significance for the optimization of hardwood bending processing technology and product design.

PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT AJAR KURIKULUM MERDEKA PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL DALAM MEMBANGUN MERDEKA BELAJAR

This research is based on the limited references to existing independent curriculum teaching tools. This research aims to develop an independent curriculum teaching tool on global warming material to see the feasibility, response of educators and the effectiveness of the teaching tool. The type of research used is Research and Development (R&D) according to Sugiyono which consists of 10 stages, namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, small scale trials, product revisions, large scale trials, product revisions. , and mass production, but this research is limited to large-scale tests. The product in this research is a teaching tool, namely a teaching module. The research was conducted in April-September 2023 at MAN 1 Bengkulu City with the research subjects being class X 3 students at MAN 1 Bengkulu City, totaling 34 students. The research instruments used were interviews, validation sheets, response questionnaires and test instruments. The results of the teaching device feasibility test were said to be very valid with a score of 87.69%. The results of the educator response test were very good with a score of 91%, which educators felt was helpful in expressing the concept of global warming with simple experiments and was useful for students in building independent learning so as to increase understanding and learning outcomes in global warming material. The effectiveness of the teaching tools can be seen from the N-Gain, which is 0.618 in the medium category, which shows that the use of the Guided Discovery Learning-based independent curriculum teaching tools that were developed has proven to be effective in improving student learning outcomes on global warming material.

EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUSTAINABLE MATERIAL AND BUILDING DESIGN IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING

Products used in the building industry can be manufactured on-site using additive manufacturing techniques. Building production potential is high with additive manufacturing techniques. This potential accelerated building construction works in this regard. Building construction using additive manufacturing techniques draws attention because it requires less skilled labor, can be built in a shorter time, reduces costs, and contributes to sustainability. This technique enables the on-site production of buildings and the construction of complex building designs. In this study, the relationship between the use of sustainable materials in building production and building design was examined. The effect of using geopolymer, a sustainable material, on building energy performance in square and free-form buildings was investigated. Additionally, the buildings in these forms were modelled with single-layer and double-layer walls, and the impact of layers on energy consumption was examined. On the other side, the effects of building forms in different directions were also examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that the building form was effective in the energy consumption of the building. It was also found that in the free-form building, the exterior wall orientation affected the building energy consumption. When the exterior walls of buildings of the same form and orientation were made double-layer instead of single-layer, a 60% decrease in heating energy consumption and a 12% decrease in cooling energy consumption was observed. The study is important in terms of the relationship between free building form and energy consumption.

Influence of Product Design Decisions on Gastronomic Experiences in Selected Coffee Growing Farms of Central Kenya

Influence of Product Design Decisions on Gastronomic Experiences in Selected Coffee Growing Farms of Central Kenya

Factors influencing Generation Z's intention to purchase sustainable clothing products in Vietnam.

The increasing awareness of environmental challenges has significantly influenced consumer behavior, with sustainable products, particularly sustainable clothing, becoming a top priority for Generation Z consumers. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Generation Z's purchase intentions toward sustainable clothing in Vietnam, guided by the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) frameworks. Specifically, it examines the effects of green perceived value, green perceived quality, perceived price, social influence, product design, environmental concern, and environmental knowledge on purchase intentions. The study also explores the mediating roles of environmental attitude and product attitude in these relationships. The research employed a quantitative approach, using a Likert scale questionnaire to gather data from 641 Vietnamese Generation Z consumers. The study utilized exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze the data. The results revealed that all proposed hypotheses were supported, indicating that all factors significantly impact environmental attitude and product attitude, which, in turn, influence purchase intention. The results emphasize the strong mediating role of environmental attitude and product attitude, suggesting that consumers with positive attitudes toward the environment and products are more likely to intend to purchase sustainable clothing. This research provides valuable insights into the psychological and contextual factors that influence Generation Z's sustainable consumption behavior. For marketers, these findings underscore the need to promote transparency in sustainable practices, emphasize high product quality and appealing designs, and engage this demographic through community involvement and authentic sustainability efforts.

Effect of the Particle Size Averaging Method on the Predicted Behavior of Lithium-ion Batteries According to the Pseudo-2D Model

Abstract The pseudo-2D (P2D) model is widely utilized in the modeling of lithium-ion batteries for product design and state monitoring applications. The P2D model relies on an average electrode particle size as an input parameter, but existing literature has been inconsistent as to how this is obtained. In this work, we examined the effect of the particle size averaging method on the behavior of Li-ion batteries as predicted by the P2D model. We first set up a standard P2D model that only considers representative sizes and a modified P2D model that accounts for the entire size distribution. Number average, volume-surface average, and D50 particle sizes were then obtained for graphite anodes and lithium iron phosphate and nickel manganese cobalt oxide cathodes typically found in commercial lithium-ion cells. Lastly, the results generated by monodisperse and polydisperse models were compared. It was found that the volume-surface average and D50 sizes accurately predict the energy density and cell capacity with respect to the polydisperse model, while the number average particle size may result in notable discrepancies. For this reason, the number average particle size, or getting a simple average particle size from scanning electron microscopy images, should be avoided.

Peningkatan Efisiensi dan Pemberdayaan Anggota Melalui Digitalisasi Manajemen Operasional KUBE Mutiara Berkah Abadi

This community service program aims to improve the operational efficiency of the KUBE Mutiara Berkah Abadi (Joint Business Group) in Krapyak Village, Jepara, through the digitalization of operational management and the design of ergonomic product display racks. The methods used include training, socialization, and mentoring for the implementation of digital technology as well as the design of product display racks. The results showed increased efficiency in transaction recording and inventory management, along with an increase in customer interest due to more attractive product arrangements. Through digitalized management, KUBE can monitor stock and sales in real-time, reducing the risk of lost sales due to insufficient stock or unsold products. This program contributes to empowering KUBE members by enhancing digital skills and product design.

A user-centered approach in complex engineering design environments

In complex engineering design environments, the demand for high quality products and high functionality are critical, the end-user requirements have to be integrated into the design process since the earliest design stages. In such contexts, strict design requirements related to quality, safety, and usability must be taken into account concurrently. To this aim, in this work, an integrated user-centered decision-based design method is proposed in the medical design environment context. This work is aimed at proposing a design method to be applied to complex design environments. The proposed case study is the design of an intercom device, aimed at improving patient-doctor communication in the case of bedridden patients on with helmet for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy during SARS- CoV2 pandemic emergency. Patients undergoing helmet-assisted ventilation are often immersed in a highly noisy environment, unable to fully communicate their needs to the doctors. A three-steps decision based integrated product design and process simulation are used in the early design stages, to gain optimal product designs in a user-centered design viewpoint, for novel industrial products. The first step, modular design, is aimed at defining relations between the components of the assembly in a user centered approach. Design alternatives are generated in a Design for Manufacturing and Assembly DFMA viewpoint. In the second step, the group decision making step, in a multiple criteria context, the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is applied together with the fuzzy set theory, to overcome uncertainties in the verbal judgments of the decision makers. The third step is related to the simulation of the assembly and manufacturing process, with the aim of defining a final optimal design. The proposed group multicriteria decision making based design method proved to be efficient in complex user centered engineering design contexts.

Creative product design in hybrid and virtual teams

The teaching case is based on two teams that were tasked with the design of two different digital products: a planned five-month project (known internally as Seasonal Sales Team; SST), in view of the forthcoming sales season; and an impromptu 24-hour project (known as Elec24) in response to unexpected national elections. Despite their similarities, the two projects differ in terms of their degree of virtuality (hybrid vs virtual) and temporality (long vs short lifespan). By focussing on Lorena, an experienced product designer who has taken on the responsibility for the two projects, the case explores how virtuality and temporality influence the teams’ coordination plan and creative process.